Term
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Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Term
| How is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever transmitted? |
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Definition
Vector - Dog Ticks
Direct or by self-innoculation
NO Person to person, NO animal to animal,
NO animal to person |
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Term
| What clinical signs are associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? |
|
Definition
Typically asymptomatic
In humans, rash on palms and soles with flu like symptoms |
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Term
| How can Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever be diagnosed? |
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Definition
| Serology: ELISA, PCR, IFA, isolation, antibody titer |
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Term
When testing for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, you should wait to start treatment until the results come back in order to run accurate titers.
True or False? |
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Definition
FALSE
The mortality rate is up to 25% without treatment.
It can also take up to 3 weeks to get results back. |
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Term
A higher concentration of DEET provides longer time of efficacy.
True or False? |
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Definition
TRUE
It does NOT give STRONGER protection |
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Term
| What gives the Plague its virulence? |
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Definition
Fra 1 (F1)
PLA (plasminogen activator) |
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Term
Transmission of the Plague from fleas is more likely when the flea has a blood clot in the GI.
True or false? |
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Definition
|
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Term
When was Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever first recorded?
When was it clinically recognized? |
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Definition
1896 - first recorded
1920s - clinically recognized |
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Term
| When were the plague pandemics? |
|
Definition
540 AD (egypt)
1347 (Europe)
1664 (London)
1950s
1994 (India, 53 deaths) |
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Term
| When did plague first enter the US? |
|
Definition
| 1900 - primarily through ground squirrels |
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Term
| How is plague classified? Is it a reportable disease? |
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Definition
| it is a Class 1 quarantinable disease, and yes it is reportable. |
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Term
| How is Yersinia Pestis transmitted? |
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Definition
The plague is primarily transmitted by flea bites, direct animal contact and aerosol.
Bubonic and salvatic forms |
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Term
| What are the 4 states that plague is primarily found in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most cases of the plague are in what form? |
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Definition
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Term
How many cases of yersinia pestis are there annually in the world?
What about in the US only? |
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Definition
1000-3000 cases annually
13 in the US annually |
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Term
| Which animal is the biggest vector for yersinia pestis? |
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Definition
Prairie dogs and ground squirrels
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Term
| What form of the plague is primarily found in rodents? |
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Definition
| Sylvatic (wild type) - there are steady levels in the rodent population. |
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Term
| How can plague be diagnosed ? |
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Definition
4 fold antibody titer increase
single titer greater than 1:128
isolation (bipolar coccibacilli)
F1 antigen detection by FA |
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Term
| What is the survival rate of infections with Yersinia pestis? |
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Definition
Humans:
100% with treatment
10% fatal if untreated
Rodents, cats = fatal
Farm animals and dogs = resistant
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Term
| What is the carnivorous source of yersinia pestis infection for humans? |
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Definition
CATS
spread via pneumonic, bubonic, bite, scratch |
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Term
| How is yersenia pestis infections of wils prairie dogs and ground squirrels controlled? |
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Definition
| Prometrin soaked cotton, controls the fleas in wild rodents |
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Term
| Who discovered the Herpes B Virus? |
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Definition
| Dr. William Brebner in 1932 |
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Term
| What is the clinical presentation of Herpes B virus in humans? |
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Definition
Neurological signs
Fatal ascending encephalomyelititis
Vesicular rash at sight of transmission |
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Term
| How is Herpes B virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
Primates shed the virus in saliva, genital secretions, conjunctival secretions, CSF fluids, feces,
Sexual, oral,
Bites, scratches, aerosol, fomites
(respiratory and vertical transmission rare)
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|
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Term
| Which species of Asian Old World monkeys have the highest rate of infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can Herpes B virus be diagnosed in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for infections with Herpes B Virus for humans? |
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Definition
There is NO FDA approved treatment
But PEP treatments should be started immediately
There is also NO vaccine
PEP: Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
Antiviral therapy
Ganciclovir for neuro signs |
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Term
| Who changed the name to Herpes B virus? |
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Definition
Albert Sabin - this is the guy who also developed the live polio vaccine.
He changed it from "W virus" to "B virus" |
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Term
Which type of contaminated needle pricks have the lowest chance of infection with Herpes B virus?
A) Mucosa
B) Blood
C) Ocular secretions
D) CNS fluids |
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Definition
Answer: B) Blood
the rest have a rather high risk of infection |
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Term
| What is the clinical presentation of Herpes B Virus in non-human primates? |
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Definition
There are usually mild to inappearent signs, LATENT.
"cold sores" of the lips, tongue, mouth, genitals.
NO neuro signs |
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Term
| What is the Bio Safety Level for Herpes B virus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
If exposed to Herpes B virus by a bite wound, what is the protocol that should be followed?
|
|
Definition
WASH the wound IMMEDIATELY for 15 minutes
Wash with detergent solution for another 15 minutes
Initiate PEP right away!
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Term
| What are some controlled drugs that would need to be keep in a safe and only used under veterinarian supervision? |
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Definition
Carfentanil (Wildnil), Etorphine (M99),
and other class 5 drugs |
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|
Term
Which is more potent?
Carfentanil (Wildnil) or Etorphine (M99)
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Definition
| Carfentanil - it is 10,000 times more potent than morphine. It can be potentially fatal if accidental human exposure occurs. |
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