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Pterygopalatine Fossa and CN V2 and V3
N/A
52
Anatomy
Graduate
03/02/2012

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Term
What is the location of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Between pterygoid process of the sphenoid and the maxilla, medial to the nasal cavity and lateral to the infratemporal fossa
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa?
Definition
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasal cavity?
Definition
Sphenopalatine foramen
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the orbit?
Definition
Inferior orbital fissure
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
Definition
Foramen rotundum
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the foramen lacerum?
Definition
Pterygoid canal
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the oral cavity?
Definition
Palatine canals
Term
How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasopharynx?
Definition
Palatovaginal canal
Term
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Pterygopalatine ganglion, branches of V2 (maxillary n.), and third part of the maxillary artery
Term
How does the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
From the infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure
Term
What are the 6 branches of the maxillary artery within the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Posterior and superior alveolar artery, infraorbital artery, artery of the pterygoid canal, pharyngeal artery, greater palatine artery, sphenopalatine artery
Term
What is the route of the artery of the pterygoid canal in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the pterygoid canal to the nasopharynx
Term
What is the route of the pharyngeal artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the palovaginal canal to the nasopharynx
Term
What is the route of the greater palatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Through the greater palatine canal alongside the greater palatine nerve to the hard palate. Gives off lesser palatine artery to supply the soft palate
Term
What is the route of the sphenopalatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Medially through the sphenopalatine foramen to supply the nasal cavity
Term
What is the name of the ganglion found on the sensory root of CN V (trigeminal n.)
Definition
Trigeminal/semilunar ganglion
Term
Where does V1 (ophthalmic n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Superior orbital fissure
Term
Where does V2 (maxillary n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen rotundum to enter the pterygopalatine fossa
Term
Where does V3 (mandibular n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What ganglion does V2 (maxillary n.) synapse with within the pterygopalatine fossa?
Definition
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
When does V2 (maxillary n.) become the infraorbital nerve?
Definition
After it traverses the infraorbital fissure
Term
What are all the branches of V2 (maxillary n.)?
Definition
Zygomatic, nasal, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, pharyngeal, greater and lesser palatine nerves, ganglionic branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
What is the destination of the zygomatic nerve and what is its route?
Definition
Enters orbit through inferior orbital fissure, enters zygomatic foramen
Term
What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?
Definition
Zygomaticofacial and Zygomaticotemporal nerves
Term
Which branch of the zygomatic nerve communicates with the lacrimal nerve of V1?
Definition
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Term
How does the nasal branch of V2 (maxillary n.) enter the nasal cavity?
Definition
Sphenopalatine foramen
Term
How is the nasal nerve distributes within the nasal cavity?
Definition
Superior and inferior posterior lateral nasal nerves and the nasopalatine nerve which passes through the incisive canal to innervate the anterior plate
Term
What innervates the maxillary teeth?
Definition
Superior alveolar nerves
Term
What are the branches of the superior alveolar nerve?
Definition
Posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves. Posterior is a direct branch of V2 while the middle and anterior are branches of the infraorbital nerve
Term
What gives off the infraorbital nerve?
Definition
A continuation of V2 (maxillary n.) in the inferior orbital fissure through the pterygopalatine fossa and the orbit
Term
What nerve traverses the pterygopalatine ganglion with synapsing?
Definition
Postganglionic and sensory nerve fibers from V2 (maxillary n.)
Term
What preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Greater petrosal nerve which is a branch of CN VII (facial n.) at the geniculate ganglion
Term
What postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Deep petrosal nerve which branches from the internal carotid plexus
Term
What are the targets of postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Definition
Lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, and palate
Term
What innervates the lacrimal gland?
Definition
Parasympathetic from pterygopalatine ganglion and sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion, also lacrimal nerve via communicating branch from zygomaticotemporal branch of the zygomatic nerve
Term
What effect does parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation have on the lacrimal gland?
Definition
Secretomotor and vasomotor (vasoconstriction) respectively
Term
Where does V3 (mandibular n.) exit the cranium?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What is unique about V3 (mandibular n.) among the divisions of CN V (trigeminal n.)?
Definition
Only motor division
Term
What branches are given off by the main trunk of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Meningeal branch (sensory) and nerve to medial pterygoid (motor)
Term
What are the nerves given off by the anterior division of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Buccal (only sensory branch, others are motor), masseteric, deep temporal nerves and nerve to lateral pterygoid
Term
What are the branches of the posterior division of V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Auriculotemporal (sensory), lingual (sensory), and inferior alveolar nerves (gives off nerve to mylohyoid (motor) and mental nerve (sensory))
Term
What are the muscles of mastication?
Definition
Temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid, and masseter muscles
Term
What other muscles other than those used for mastication are supplied by V3 (mandibular n.)?
Definition
Tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric
Term
What is supplied by the nerve to the mylohyoid?
Definition
Mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle
Term
What is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve?
Definition
Carries postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from otic ganglion to parotid gland, also supplies cutaneous sensation to the temporal region and auricle
Term
What is the function of the lingual nerve?
Definition
Contains GSA sensation fibers from anterior 2/3 tongue, receives nerve fibers from chorda tympani
Term
What gives off the chorda tympani nerve?
Definition
CN VII (facial n.)
Term
What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve?
Definition
Carries SVA taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue and preganglionic sympathetic fibers for the submandibular ganglion
Term
What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve?
Definition
Gives off nerve to mylohyoid, enters mandible via mandibular canal and gives rise to the inferior dental plexus before terminating as the incisive nerve and the mental nerve
Term
What is innervated by the terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve - the incisive and mental nerves?
Definition
Former innervates mandibular first premolar, canine and incisor teeth, latter innervates the chin and lower lip
Term
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Definition
Branches of CN VII (facial n.)via chorda tympani nerve synapses at submandibular ganglion
Term
What provides parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?
Definition
Tympanic branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) gives off lesser petrosal nerve which synapses at the otic ganglion which gives off fibers to the parotid gland
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