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PSI Kines
Kines Final
268
Anatomy
Graduate
06/17/2011

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Term
What is biomechanics?
Definition
mechanical principles that relate to human body.
Term
What is kinetics?
Definition
forces that cause movement.
Term
What is kinematics?
Definition
time, space, and mass of a moving system.
Term
What is Osteokinematics?
Definition
Relationship of movement of bones around an axis.
Term
What is artrokinematics?
Definition
Relationship of joint surface movement.
Term
What is anatomical position?
Definition
upright, eyes forward, feet parallel, close together, arms at side, palms facing forward.
Term
What is fundamental position?
Definition
Same as above but palms are facing the body.
Term
What is linear motion?
Definition
Straight line from one location to another.
Term
What is rectlinear?
Definition
Movement occurs in straight line.
Term
What is curvilinear?
Definition
Movement occurs in curved line.
Term
What is angular motion?
Definition
Movement of an object around a fixed point.
Term
What are functions of skeletal system?
Definition
Support an shapes body, protects organs, manufactures blood cells.
Term
What is axial skeleton?
Definition
Upright part of body.
Term
What is appendicular skeleton?
Definition
Attaches to skeleton, consists of appendages/extremeities.
Term
What is compact bone?
Definition
hard, dense outer shell
Term
What is cancellous bone?
Definition
porous and spongy inside portion.
Term
What is the epiphysis?
Definition
area at each end of diaphysis
Term
What is is diaphysis?
Definition
Main shaft of bone.
Term
What is periosteum?
Definition
fibrous membrane covering all bone.
Term
What is a long bone?
Definition
bone where length is greater than width, example- humerus
Term
What is a short bone?
Definition
Almost equal height, length and width. Example- carpals.
Term
What is a flat bone?
Definition
Broad surface, not thick. Example- scapula
Term
What is a irregular bone?
Definition
Mixed shapes, example- vertebra.
Term
What is a sesamoid bone?
Definition
Bone where tendons cross ends of long bones, example- patella.
Term
What is a tendon?
Definition
Connects a muscle to a bone.
Term
What is a bursa?
Definition
Small padlike sacs around joints to prevent friction.
Term
What plane/axis are flexion/ext in?
Definition
Saggital plane, frontal axis.
Term
What plane/axis are abduction/adduction in?
Definition
Frontal plane, saggital axis.
Term
What plane/axis is rotation in?
Definition
Transverse plane, vertical axis.
Term
What is osteoperosis?
Definition
Loss of bone density, vertebra is a common site.
Term
What is osteomyelitis?
Definition
infection of bone.
Term
Subluxation is a..
Definition
partial dislocation of a joint.
Term
Mild sprain consists of..
Definition
tearing of a few fibers.
Term
Moderate sprain consists of..
Definition
partial tearing of ligament and some loss of function.
Term
Severe sprain consists of...
Definition
ligament is completely torn.
Term
a abrupt stop to a joint is what end feel?
Definition
Hard/Bony
Term
sensation when joint is taken to end range is what end feel?
Definition
Firm/Soft tissue stretch
Term
Occurs when muscle bulk is compressed is what end feel..
Definition
Soft/Soft tissue approximation
Term
Sudden stop before end of normal ROM is what abnormal end feel?
Definition
Bony
Term
A soft wet sponge feel is what abnormal end feel?
Definition
Boggy
Term
Reflexive guarding during motion is what abnormal end feel?
Definition
Muscle spasm
Term
A lack of mechanical limitation of joint ROM is what abnormal end feel?
Definition
Empty
Term
Rebound movement felt at end of ROM is what end feel?
Definition
Springy Block
Term
What is component motion?
Definition
Motions that accompany active motion but are not under voluntary control.
Term
What is joint play?
Definition
passive movements between joint surfaces by passively applying an external force.
Term
What is joint mobilization?
Definition
Passive motion/sustained stretch that is applied at a slow enough speed by an external force than an individual can stop the motion. Done by PT.
Term
What is joint manipulation?
Definition
Passive movement applied with a forceful thrust that cannot be stopped. Done by PT or Chiropractor.
Term
Which way will a concave surface move in relation to the body segment moving?
Definition
Same direction
Term
Which way will a convex surface move in relation to the body segment moving?
Definition
Opposite direction.
Term
Traction causes what to a joint?
Definition
Joint to be pulled apart. Increasing mobility.
Term
Approximation causes what to a joint?
Definition
Joint surfaces become pulled closer together. Increases stability.
Term
Hip hiking of the quadratus lumborum muscle is an example of what?
Definition
Reversal of muscle action.
Term
Active insufficency is..
Definition
when a muscle cannot shorten any farther.
Term
Passive insufficency is..
Definition
when a muscle cannot be elongated anymore.
Term
What type of contraction is when a muscle contractions without changing length of muscle?
Definition
Isometric.
Term
Concentric contraction is..
Definition
muscle shortens and attachments move towards each other. Against gravity. Acceleration
Term
Eccentric contraction is..
Definition
Muscle lengthens and muscle attachments move away. With gravity. Decelleration.
Term
Synergist is.
Definition
one or more other muscles to assist with motion.
Term
Toe region..
Definition
Stretch straightens wavy patterns of collagen.
Term
Elastic region..
Definition
Elongation of structure in response to load.
Term
Plastic region..
Definition
progressive failure, original length is not achieved.
Term
Major failure..
Definition
major visible narrowing of a structure.
Term
Complete rupture..
Definition
Occurs around 8% elongation.
Term
Sensory
Definition
Affarent
Term
Motor
Definition
Efferent
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
Definition
31
Term
How many cranial nerves are there?
Definition
12
Term
Bells palsy affects which nerve?
Definition
Facial nerve, CN 7
Term
Scapular winging has injury to which nerve?
Definition
Long thoracic nerve.
Term
Wrist drop is a loss of what?
Definition
Wrist extension.
Term
Ape hand affects which nerve?
Definition
Median Nerve
Term
Claw hand affects which nerve and puts hand in what position?
Definition
Ulnar nerve, proximal phalanges are hyperextended, middle and distal are in flexion.
Term
Foot drop is caused by pressure at what?
Definition
Head of fibula.
Term
1st Law of Motion
Definition
An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion.
Term
2nd Law of Motion
Definition
Amount of acceleration depends on strength of force applied.
Term
3rd Law of Motion
Definition
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Term
Center of Gravity is located where in an adult and where in a child?
Definition
S2 for adult, higher in children.
Term
First Class Lever
Definition
Axis is between forct and resistance, FAR
Term
Second Class Lever
Definition
Axis is at one end, resistance in middle, forace at other end. ARF
Term
Third Class Lever
Definition
Axis is at one end with force in middle, resistance at opposite end. AFR.
Term
Manual Muscle test aids in determination of what
Definition
Strength gains, progression of POC, lack of progression.
Term
In order to test a specific muscle, it must be what?
Definition
Isolated from other muscles to perform same action.
Term
MMT of a 0 is what?
Definition
No palpable contraction.
Term
MMT of a 1 is what?
Definition
Trace, palpable contraction, no joint movement.
Term
MMT of a 2 is what?
Definition
Poor, full ROM in a horizontal plane?
Term
MMT of a 3 is what?
Definition
Fair, holds test position with no resistance?
Term
MMT of a 4 is what?
Definition
Good, holds test position with moderate pressure.
Term
MMT of a 5 is what?
Definition
Normal, holds test position against strong pressure.
Term
MMT of a 2- is what?
Definition
Movement through partial ROM, while in horizontal plane.
Term
MMT of a 2+ is what?
Definition
Holds against slight pressure in test position in horizontal plane. Or moves through partial ROM against gravity.
Term
MMT of a 3- is what?
Definition
Gradual release from test position occurs.
Term
MMT of a 3+ is what?
Definition
Holds test position against slight pressure
Term
MMT of a 4- is what?
Definition
Holds test position against slight to moderate pressure.
Term
MMT of a 4+ is what?
Definition
Holds test position against moderate to strong pressure.
Term
Ilifemoral ligament limits what?
Definition
Hyperextension, also called Y ligament.
Term
Pubofemoral ligament limits what?
Definition
Limits abduction and hyperextension and abduction.
Term
Ischiofemoral ligament limits what?
Definition
Hyperextension and medial rotation.
Term
Normal hip flexion ROM?
Definition
120-125
Term
Normal hyperextension ROM of hip?
Definition
15
Term
Normal amount of rotation of him?
Definition
45
Term
Normal amount of abduction of hip?
Definition
45
Term
Normal amount of adduction of hip?
Definition
25
Term
What is the main function of the ligamentum teres of the femoral head?
Definition
Contains a blood vessel that supplies head of femur.
Term
Function of acetabular labrum?
Definition
Deepens the joint socket. Surrounds femoral head and helps to hold the head.
Term
hip motion end feel, except hip flexion?
Definition
Firm
Term
Hip flexion end feel?
Definition
Soft
Term
Iliopsoas muscle, contains iliac crest and psoas major.
Definition
O- Iliac fossa, T12-L5
I- Lesser Trochanter
N- Ilicaus- Femoral Nerve L2 L3
Psoas Major- L2 L3
A- Hip flexion
Term
Rectus Femoris Muscle
Definition
Only quad that crosses hip.
O- AIIS
I- Tibial Tuberosity
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3 L4
A- Hip flexion, knee extension
Term
Sartorius Muscle
Definition
Crossing your leg up on your knee is example of muscle motion
O-ASIS
I-Proximal medial aspect of tibia
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3
A-Hip flex, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flex
Term
Pectineus Muscle
Definition
O-Superior ramus of pubis
I-Pectineal line of femur
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3 L4
A- Hip flex and adduction
Term
Adductor Longus Muscle
Definition
Most Superficial of Adductors
O-Pubis
I-Middle third of linea aspera
N-Obturator Nerve L3 L4
A-Hip adduction
Term
Adductor Brevis
Definition
Between other 2 adductors
O-Pubis
I-Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
N-Obturator Nerve L3 L4
A-Hip adduction
Term
Adductor Magnus
Definition
Largest and Deepest of adductors
Femoral artery and vein pass through hiatus in muscle.
O-Ischium and pubis
I-Entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
N-Obturator and Sciatic Nerve L3 L4
A-Hip adduction
Term
Gracilis Muscle
Definition
Only hip adductor muscle that crosses 2 joints.
O-Pubis
I-Anterior medial surface of proximal tibia.
N-Obturator Nerve L2 L3
A-Hip adduction
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
O-Posterior sacrum and ilium
I-Posterior femur to greater trochanter
N-Inferior Gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2
A-Hip extension, hyper extension, lateral rotation.
Term
Deep Lateral Rotators
Definition
O-Posterior Sacrum, ischium, pubis
I-Greater Trochanter
N-Numerous
A-Hip lateral rotation
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
Most Medial
O-Ischial Tuberosity
I-Posterior Surface of medial condyle of tibia
N-Sciatic Nerve L5 S1 S2
A- Extend hip and flex knee
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
O-Ischial Tuberosity
I-Anteromedial proximal tibia
N-Sciatic Nerve L5 S1 S2
A-Extend hip and flex knee
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
O-Long Head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- lateral linea aspera
I-Fibular head
N- Long head- sciatic nerve S1 S2 S3
Short head- Common peroneal L5 S1 S2
A- Long head- extend hip and flex knee
Short Head- flex knee
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
Standing on one leg causes reversal of muscle action when distal moves towards proximal. Weakness of this muscle results in Trendelenburg gait.
O-Ilium
I-Lateral Greater trochanter
N-Superior Gluteal L4 L5 S1
A- Hip abduction
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
O-Lateral Ilium
I-Anterior Greater trochanter
N-Superior Gluteal L4 L5 S1
A-Hip abduction, medial rotation
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae
Definition
O-ASIS
I-Lateral condyle of tibia
N-Superior Gluteal Nerve L4 l5
A-Combined hip flexion and abduction
Term
Normal Angle of Inclination
Definition
125
Term
Increased angle of inclanation
Definition
Coxa Valga
Term
Decreased angle of inclination
Definition
Coxa Vara
Term
Angle of inclination is in what plane
Definition
Frontal
Term
Angle of torsion is in what plane
Definition
Transverse
Term
Increased angle of torsion
Definition
Anteversion, Toed in.
Term
Decreased angle of torsion
Definition
Retroversion, Toe out.
Term
Normal angle of torsion
Definition
15-25
Term
What is kinesiology?
Definition
Study of movement.
Term
Open chain extension, the tibia rotates which way on the femur?
Definition
Laterally.
Term
Close chain extension, the tibia rotates which way on the femur?
Definition
Medially.
Term
Q Angle is what?
Definition
Angle between quadriceps and patellar tendon.
Term
Normal Q angle.
Definition
13-19
Term
ACL attaches where and prevents what?
Definition
Originates on anterior tibia, inserts on posterior femur. Prevents femur from going posteriorly on tibia, and tibia going anteriorly on femur.
Term
PCL attaches where and prevents what?
Definition
originates on Posterior tibia, inserts on anterior femur. Prevents femur from going antrerior on tibia, and tibia from going posterior on femur.
Term
MCL prevents what?
Definition
Prevents excessive motion to the lateral side of knee.
Term
What else is torn when the MCL is torn and why?
Definition
Medial Meniscus because the medial meniscus attaches to the MCL.
Term
LCL prevents what?
Definition
Protects joint from stressed to medial side of knee. Stronger than MCL so torn less.
Term
Knee flexion end feel?
Definition
Soft
Term
Knee extension end feel?
Definition
Firm
Term
Pes anserine contains what muscles
Definition
Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
O-AIIS
I-Tibia tuberosity via patellar tendon
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3 L4
A-Hip flexion, knee extension
Term
Vastus Lateralis
Definition
O-Linea aspera
I-Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
N-Femoral nerve L2 L3 L4
A- knee extension
Term
Vastus Medialis
Definition
O-Linea Aspera
I-Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3 L4
A- Knee extension
Term
Vastus Intermedialis
Definition
O-Anterior Femur
I-Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
N-Femoral Nerve L2 L3 L4
A-Knee Ext
Term
Popliteus
Definition
O-Lateral Condyle of Femur
I-Posterior medial condyle of tibia
N-Tibial Nerve L4 L5 S1
A-Initiates knee flexion. unlocks the knee also.
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Crosses knee and ankle.
O-Medial and lateral condyles of femur
I-Posterior Calcaneus
N-Tibial Nerve S1 S2
A-Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion
Term
Genu Valgum is also called what and what does it go in conjugation with?
Definition
Knock knees, and it is in conjugation with coxa varus.
Term
Genu varum is also called what and goes in conjugation with what?
Definition
Genu varum is also called bow legged and is conjugation with coxa valgus.
Term
Genu recurvatrum is what?
Definition
excessive knee extension.
Term
Terrible triad is a injury to what?
Definition
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus.
Term
Supination consists of what 3 movements?
Definition
plantar flexion, inversion and adduction
Term
Pronation consists of what 3 movements?
Definition
Dorsi flexion, eversion and abduction
Term
Calcenus valgus is considered what?
Definition
Distal segment situated away from midline
Term
Calcenus varus
Definition
Distal segment is situated toward the midline
Term
Deltoid Ligament
Definition
Eversion ankle sprain. maintains medial/longitudinal arch.
Term
Lateral Ligament
Definition
Inversion ankle sprain. Occurs more.
Term
4 parts of deltoid ligament
Definition
Tibialnavicular, tibial calcaneal, posterior tibaltalar, anteriortibaltalar.
Term
3 Parts of lateral ligament
Definition
Anterior talofib, posterior talofib, calcaneal fibular ligament
Term
Ankle sprains, 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Definition
1st- anterior talofib
2nd- anterior talofib, calcanealfibular
3rd- anterior talofib, calcanealfibular, posteriortalofib(strongest)
Term
Medial longitudinal arch
Definition
Calcaneus to 1st metatarsal
Term
Lateral Longitudinal arch
Definition
Calcaneus to 5th metatarsal
Term
Transverse arch
Definition
cuneform to cuboid
Term
Spring ligament consists of what ligament and does what?
Definition
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament and it supports the medial side of longitudinal arch
Term
Soleus
Definition
O-Posterior tib and fib
I-Posterior calcaneus
N-Tibial S1 S2
A-Ankle plantar flexion
Term
Plantaris
Definition
O-Posterior lateral condyle of femur
I-Posterior calcaneus
N-Tibia L4 L5 S1
A-Knee flexion and plantar flexion
Term
Tibialis Posterior
Definition
O-Tib and Fib
I-Navicular and most tarsals
N- Tibial L5 S1
A- Inversion, assists plantar flexion
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Definition
O-Posterior fibula
I-Distal phalanx of great toe
N-Tibial L5 S1 S2
A-Flexes great toe, assists inversion and plantar flex
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Definition
O-Posterior Tib
I-DIstal phalanx of 4 lesser toes
N-Tibial L5 S1
A-Flexes 4 lesser toes, assists in inversion and plantar flexion
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
O-Lateral tibia
I-First cuneiform and first metatarsal
N-Deep peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
Term
Extensor Hallucis longus
Definition
O-Fibula
I-Distal phalanx of great toe
N-Deep peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-Extends first toe, assists in inversion and dorsiflexion
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Definition
O-Fibula, Tibia
I-Distal phalanx of 4 lesser toes
N-Deep peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-Extends 4 lesser toes, assists in dorsiflexion
Term
What two muscles form the stirrup muscles?
Definition
Peroneus longus and tibialis anterior
Term
Peroneus Longus
Definition
O-Lateral fibula
I-Plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal
N-Superficial Peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-Ankle eversion, assists plantar flex
Term
Peroneus Brevis
Definition
O-Lateral Fibula
I-Base of 5th metatarsal
N-Superficial peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-Ankle eversion, assists in plantar flex
Term
Peroneus Tertius
Definition
O-Distal fibula
I-Base of 5th metatarsal
N-Deep peroneal L4 L5 S1
A-Assists eversion and dorsiflexion
Term
Upper respiratory tract contains
Definition
Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx
Term
Lower Respiratory tract contains
Definition
Bronchial tree and trachea
Term
Air flows from what to what
Definition
High pressure to low pressure
Term
What are the phases of respiration
Definition
Quiet inspiration, deep inspiration, forced inspiration, Quiet expiration, forced expiration
Term
What are the prime muscles of quiet inspiration?
Definition
Diaphragm and external intercostals
Term
What are the muscles involved in quiet expiration?
Definition
Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals, elastic recoil of thoracic wall, gravity pulling rib cage down.
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
O-Xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebra
I-Central tendon
N-Phrenic nerve C3 C4 C5
A-Inspiration
Term
External intercostals form what shape?
Definition
V
Term
Internal intercostals form what shape?
Definition
Inverted V
Term
External and internal intercostals run at what angle together?
Definition
Perpendicular, 90
Term
External intercostals
Definition
O-Rib above
I-rib below
N-Intercostal nerve
A-Elevate ribs
Term
Internal Intercostals
Definition
O-Rib below
I-rib above
N-Intercostal nerves
A-depress ribs
Term
Which is more efficient, diaphragmatic or chest breathing?
Definition
Diaphragmatic(requires little energy)
Term
Prolonged breath holding and straining forces against a closed glottis is called what?’
Definition
Valsalva Manuever
Term
Patella alta means
Definition
Patella is more superior than normal
Term
Pes cavus refers to
Definition
high arch
Term
Pes planus refers to
Definition
flat foot
Term
Atlantoccipital joint contains what
Definition
Head and atlas
Term
Atlantoaxial joint contains what
Definition
Atlas and axis
Term
Head flexing on C1 and neck extending on C2-C7 is
Definition
Cervical retraction
Term
Head extending on C1 and neck flexing on C2-C7 is
Definition
Cervical protraction
Term
Anterior Longitudinal ligament runs from where to where and prevents what?
Definition
Runs down vertebral column near bodies. Prevents hyperextension. Thick inferiorly, thin superiorly
Term
Posterior longitudinal ligament runs from where to where and prevents what?
Definition
Runs down vertebral column near spineous processes. Prevents excessive flexion. Thick superiorly, thin inferiorly. Contributes to disk injury.
Term
Supraspinal ligament is located where?
Definition
C7 to Sacrum along tips of spineous processes.
Term
Interspinal ligament runs where?
Definition
Between spineous processes.
Term
What ligament takes the place of supraspinal/interspinal ligaments in the cervical regoin?
Definition
Nuchal Ligament.
Term
Ligamentum Flavum connects
Definition
adjacent laminae.
Term
Where do most movements occur in the sping and what are the two most injured spots?
Definition
L4-L5, L5-S1
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
O-Sternum and Clavicle
I-Mastoid Process
N-Accessory Nerve, CN 11
A- Bi- Flexes/hyperextends neck
Uni- laterally bends neck, rotates to opposite side.
Term
Scalenes
Definition
O-T processes of cervical vertabrae
I-First and Second ribs
N-Lower cervical nerves
A- Bi-assists in neck flexion.
Uni-neck laterally bending
Term
Prevertebral Muscles
Definition
Muscles that Tuck the chin.
Term
Suboccipital muscles
Definition
Muscles extend the head, with rocking motion on occipital condyles. Or rotate by pivoting the head on the odontoid process.
Term
Splenius Capitis
Definition
O-Spineous processes of C7-T3, nuchal ligament
I-Lateral occipital bone, mastoid process
N-Middle and lower cervical nerves
A-Bi- extend head and neck
Uni-rotate/laterally bend face to same side
Term
Splenius Cervicis
Definition
O-Spinous processes of T3-T6
I-Transverse processes of C1-C3
N-Middle and Lower cervical nerves
A-Bi- extend neck rotate and laterally bend to same side.
Uni-
Term
When doing a sit up, hip flexors are doing what kind of action??
Definition
Reversal of muscle action.
Term
How would you get rid of the hip flexors during a sit up to work abdominals?
Definition
Flex knees and hips to make hip flexors actively insufficent.
Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition
O-Pubis
I-Xiphoid process, costal cartiliges of ribs 5-7.
N- 7-12 intercostal nerves
A-Trunk flexion, compression of abdomen
Term
External oblique muscles form what shape bilaterally?
Definition
V
Term
Internal obliques form what shape bilaterally?
Definition
Inverted V
Term
External Oblique
Definition
O-Lower 8 ribs laterally
I-Iliac crest and linea alba
N-8-12 intercostal nerves
A-Bi- trunk flexion compression of abdomen
Uni- Lateral bending, rotation to same side
Term
Internal Oblique
Definition
O- Inguinal ligament, iliac crest
I- 10-12 ribs
N- 8-12 intercostal nerves
A- Bi- trunk flexion, abdomen compression
Uni- lateral bending, rotation to same side
Term
Transverse Abdominis
Definition
O-Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest, last 6 ribs
I- Linea alba, abdominal aponeurosis
N-7-12 intercostal nerves
A-Compression of abdomen
Term
Erector Spinae
Definition
O-Spineous processes, transverse processes, ribs
I-Spineous processes, t processes, ribs
N- Spinal nerves
A-Bi- extend neck and trunk
Uni- laterally bend neck and trunk
Term
Transversospinalis(multifidis, rotatores, semispinalis)
Definition
O-T processes
I-Spineous processes
N- Spinal Nerves
A-Bi-extend neck and trunk
Uni-rotate neck and trunk to opposite side
Term
Interspinales
Definition
O-Spinous process below
I-Spinous process above
N-Spinal nerves
A- Neck and trunk extension
Term
Intertransversarii
Definition
O-Transverse process above
I- transverse process below
N- Spinal nerves
A-Neck and trunk lateral bending
Term
Quadratus Lumborum
Definition
O-iliac crst
I-12 rib, t processes of 5 lumbar vertabra
N-12 thoracic, first lumbar
A-trunk lateral bending, hip hiking(reversal of muscle action)
Term
Abnormal increase in thoracic curve
Definition
Kyphosis
Term
Spondylosis
Definition
Degenerative change of vertebral structure and function
Term
Ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
inflammation of vertebral column and SI joints, Leads to fusion.
Term
Spondylolysis
Definition
Defect in pars interarticularis
Term
Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Fracture or giving way of pars interarticularis. One vertebra slips forward on another, Usually L5 on S1.
Term
Hangmans fracture happens at what vertebra
Definition
C2
Term
What is the 2 most common things that happen from disk degeneration?
Definition
Nerve impingement and height loss.
Term
Outer part of intervertebral disk that protects it
Definition
Annulus fibrosus
Term
Center of Disk, high water content
Definition
Nucleus Pulposus. Starts at 80%, decreases to 70% by age 60.
Term
What happens due to facet location?
Definition
Coupled motion (rotation and sidebend)
Term
Neutral position of head causes what coupled motion?
Definition
Side bend and contralateral rotation
Term
Flexed/Extended position of head causes what coupled motion?
Definition
Side bend and ipsilateral rotation.
Term
First 7 ribs are called what?
Definition
True ribs
Term
Ribs 8-10 are called?
Definition
False ribs
Term
Ribs 11-12 are called?
Definition
Floating ribs
Term
Bucket handle effect is an increase in what direction?
Definition
Medial to lateral
Term
Pump handle effect is an increase in what direction?
Definition
Anterior to posterior
Term
What is nutation?
Definition
Sacral flexion, makes pelvic outlet larger. Occurs with trunk flex and hip extension
Term
What is counter nutation?
Definition
Sacral Extension, makes pelvic inlet larger. Occurs with trunk ext and hip flex.
Term
What does the anterior sacroiliac ligament do?
Definition
Holds anterior portion of joint together
Term
What does the interosseous sacroiliac ligament connect?
Definition
Ilium to sacrum
Term
Which ligament prevents downward movement of the sacrum?
Definition
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Term
Which ligament prevents forward rotation of the sacrum?
Definition
Sacrutuberous ligament
Term
Ililumbar ligament prevents what?
Definition
L5 moving anteriorly on S1
Term
Lumbosacral angle is determined how?
Definition
Drawing one line parallel to ground, other line on base of sacrum. Normal angle is 30 degrees.
Term
Pelvis tilts anteriorly when what two muscles contract?
Definition
Back extensors and Hip flexors
Term
Pelvis tils posterioly when what two muscles contract?
Definition
Trunk flexors and hip extensors
Term
To keep the pelvis level when walking what two muscles contract?
Definition
trunk lateral benders and hip abductors.
Term
If a person were to throw a Frisbee and desired wrist radial deviation which muscle group would be the antagonist
Definition
Wrist ulnar deviators
Term
When 2 iliac crests are not level.
Definition
Lateral tilt of pelvis. Name it by unsupported side.
Term
The ability of a muscle to recoil or return to normal resting length after stretching is…?
Definition
Elasticity
Term
Close packed position of hip joint is
Definition
full extension and medial rotation
Term
To maximize grip strength would you want your hand flexed or extended?
Definition
Extended
Term
The nerve plexus formed by the rami of C5 through T1 is called the
Definition
Brachial Plexus
Term
Dermatomes are:
Definition
map of sensory distribution of spinal nerves
Term
The lumbosacral plexus innervates muscles of the lower limbs and is made up of…
Definition
L1 through S3
Term
Torque
Definition
tendency to produce rotation around axis
Term
Friction
Definition
force preventing motion on one surface against another
Term
Inertia
Definition
resistance to change in speed or direction
Term
Velocity
Definition
vector describing speed
Term
Overuse of the heel can result in
Definition
Plantar fascitis
Term
. A chronic lung pathology characterized by loss of elasticity of the alveolar walls
Definition
Emphysema
Term
Structure that provides articulation with the head of a rib
Definition
Demifacet
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