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| Direct popular election of Senators. |
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| Prohibition – no sale, manufacture, transport of alcohol. |
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| Gave women the right to vote. |
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| American Tobacco v U.S., 1911 |
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| US government prosecuted American Tobacco as a trust – company ordered to reorganize but not dissolved. |
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| 1902. Theodore Roosevelt intervened and arbitrated a compromise agreement that improved conditions of Coal Miners. First government intervention to help workers against big business. |
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| Atlanta Compromise Speech |
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| By Booker T. Washington – established policy of accommodation. Focus on improving economic skills without immediate demand for political rights. |
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| Civil rights activist who led the fight against lynching in early 1900’s. |
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| New marketing strategies associated with new consumer products such as first soft drinks. |
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| Progressive reform at the turn of the 20th century to allow voters to choose candidates in political party elections. Weakens political machines. |
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| Taking away an individual’s right to vote. |
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| Civil rights leader who argued against Booker T Washington’s philosophy. Demanded immediate political and civil rights – founder of NAACP and editor of The Crisis. |
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| Republican Party was divided between William Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt left party and formed the Progressive “Bull Moose” Party. Split in Republican Party led to victory for Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson. |
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| New form of energy that led to longer hours for factories. Spread of electric appliances, use of electricity in homes in urban areas, and changes in leisure activities including movies in early 1900’s. |
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| Law that established federal regulation over the nation’s private banking system. Private banks join the Federal Reserve System. Created 12 regions with a Federal Reserve Banks that loans money to private banks – “banker’s banks.” |
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| Assembly line production applied to automobiles. Model T created as an affordable car for the working class. $ 5 day for workers to be able to afford to buy cars – “workers as consumers.” |
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| Added to laws requiring voters to be literate in order to vote so that poor, illiterate whites could still vote. |
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| Mass movement of thousands of African Americans from the South to the North – particularly Harlem – during World War I. |
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| Settlement housed founded by Jane Addams to address social evils of cities. |
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| Laws passed in the South that established de jure (legal) segregation. |
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| Invention by George Eastman that made cameras easier to use and more affordable for middle class. |
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| Progressive governor from Wisconsin who first tried many Progressive reforms such as secret ballot, referendum, initiative, and regulation of industries. |
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| Requirement to vote established after Reconstruction that limited the rights of African American males to vote. |
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| Marketing strategy developed in late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Brought consumer products to rural areas. Example: Sears and Roebuck, Montgomery Ward. |
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| Established first effective regulation of railroads. Outlawed rebates and required publication of set railroad rates. |
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| Invention that brought about movie theaters as a major form of entertainment and news. |
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| Term associated with journalists in the Progressive Era who exposed corruption in politics, industry, and society and pushed for reform. Example: Tarbell, Riis, Sinclair. |
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| Progressive crusader for Prohibition – leader of Temperance Movement. |
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| Typically refers to hanging or killing a person. Refers to murder of individuals for political or social reasons. Main victims in early 1900’s were African Americans seeking civil rights. |
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| Founded by WEB DuBois in 1905 to promote the higher (college) education of African Americans. |
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| Northern Securities v U.S., 1904 |
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| First anti-trust case brought by the US government against big business using the Sherman Anti-Trust Case. Established Teddy Roosevelt’s reputation as a “trust buster.” |
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| Payne Aldrich Tariff, 1909 |
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| Set of tariffs passed during William Howard Taft’s administration that angered Progressives because they failed to reduce tariff rates significantly. |
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| Supreme Court Case that established the Separate, But Equal Doctrine that legalized racial segregation in the US. Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954). |
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| Method of disenfranchising African Americans by requiring individuals to pay a tax to vote. |
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| Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson. |
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| Progressive/Bull Moose Party |
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| Founded by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 when he was angered by William Howard Taft’s stand on tariff and conservation. Split the Republican Party in Election of 1912. |
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| Promoting the ideas of regulating trusts, conservation, lower tariffs but no gains for African-Americans. |
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| Muckraking journalist who exposed the evils of city life in a book How the Other Half Lives. |
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| Invention by Issac Singer that led to mass production of garments in the US. |
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| Law passed in 1890 to prevent abuses by monopolies. Not effectively enforced until the Progressive Era (1900 – 1918). Used by the government against labor unions in late 1800’s. |
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| Muckraking journalist who exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry in book The Jungle. |
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| Innovations of the late 1800’s using new steel produced through the Bessemer Process that allowed buildings in cities to go higher allowing more people to crowd into cities. |
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| Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of using government power to protect common people from abuses of big business and powerful interests. |
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| Social reform movement supported by religious leaders that Christians had a responsibility to help those less fortunate through improving living conditions and alleviating poverty. |
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| Muckraking journalist who exposed the corruption of city governments in book The Shame of Our Cities. |
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| Organized movement by women to gain the right to vote in the early 20th century – see 19th amendment. |
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| Muckraking journalist who exposed the unethical business practices of John D. Rockefeller in the book History of the Standard Oil Company. |
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| 1906 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Founded by WEB DuBois and others to demand immediate political (voting) rights and civil rights (end to segregation and discrimination against African Americans). |
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| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
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| Tragic fire in 1911 that killed 146 workers – mostly women. Led to the establishment of safety codes to regulate workplaces. |
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| Developed as a result of mass movement of farmers to cities and dramatic rise in immigration. Consisted mainly of overcrowded and unsanitary tenement. |
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| US v EC Knight andCo, 1895 |
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| Major anti-trust case against the Sugar Trust in which government failed to break up the trust under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Reflected pro-business attitude of the late 1800’s. |
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| Established the enforcement of Prohibition (18th Amendment). |
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| Women’s Christian Temperance Union pushed for prohibition of alcohol. See Carrie Nation. |
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| Established the “Atlanta Compromise – 1895” – accepted political and civil discrimination in exchange for vocational/economic advancement. Disagreed with other prominent minority voice, W.E.B. Dubois. |
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