Printable Flash Cards

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

heliocentrism

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler

Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved."

Niccolo Machiavelli

Which of the following secrets did alchemists like Paracelsus hope to discover?

how to change lead into gold

Who made improvements to the telescope?

Johannes Kepler

What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled ideas to spread quickly?

printing press

Great thinkers looked to the accomplishments of the Middle Ages as inspiration. T/F

False

Which northern Renaissance artist was considered the greatest German artist, known for his prints as well as paintings?

Albrecht Durer

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Andreas Vesalius

Which of the following characteristics is different from Italian Renaissance art and most identifies the work produced in the northern Renaissance?

reflected everyday life

Which historical figure made the decision to break England from the Catholic Church in order to grant himself a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon?

Henry VIII

Due to the Reformation, changes in marriage practices led to more freedom for women, who could now seek divorce for desertion, impotence, and abuse. T/F

True

What new religious order, founded by Ignatius Loyola, stemmed out of the Counter-Reformation?

Society of Jesus, or Jesuits

What event prompted the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on a church door.

Martin Luther objected to what policy of the Catholic Church, which prompted him to write and post his Ninety-Five Theses?

indulgences

What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled the ideas of the Reformation to spread quickly?

printing press

Which of the following reformers, based in Switzerland, believed in Martin Luther's ideas about faith, and also claimed that salvation was a gift from God only for those who were predestined for it?

John Calvin

Which nation did not send large groups of settlers to the Americas, or enslave Native Americans, and primarily sought to obtain fish and fur for trade?

France

Due to the Columbian Exchange, millions of Native Americans died from diseases, such as the flu and common cold, brought to the Americas by the Europeans to which the natives had no immunity. T/F

True

Which European explorer attempted to circumnavigate the world, leaving from Spain in 1519, but was killed in the midst of his journey, leaving his crew members to complete his goal?

Ferdinand Magellan

What language is spoken in Brazil and why?

Portuguese, as they were permitted to control that territory east of the imaginary line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Identify the nation that conquered the Aztecs and Incas in the mid-1500s under the direction of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.

Spain

The expansion of colonies in the Americas and the loss of millions of Native Americans to disease and mistreatment led European colonists to purchase

slaves from the Africans for labor.

What is mercantilism?

an economic theory that stressed the importance of colonies as sources of raw materials

Which animal, brought from the Old World during the Columbian Exchange, made hunting for buffalo much easier for Native Americans?

horse

What is NOT true about the effects of the slave trade?

Africans became educated and translated correspondence between the French and Native Americans.

Select the artistic achievement that occurred during the Ming dynasty in China.

production of blue-and-white porcelain

Although the shogun was a powerful military figure in Japan, the emperor always possessed the power over the people and land. T/F

False

When fourteen-year-old Esma'il was crowned shah in the 1500s, he made Shi'ism the official religion, which resulted in significant violence when his subjects who were of another religion opposed. Of what religion were most of his subjects?

Sunni

Which of the following was NOT one of the significant results of May 29, 1453?

The Hagia Sophia Cathedral was demolished when Ottomans took control

Which member of the Japanese feudal hierarchy followed the Bushido, was viewed as an honorable and disciplined warrior, and was responsible for protecting the people of the land?

samurai

The Mughal Empire saw great prosperity and peace when its leader Akbar encouraged tolerance of what cultural aspect?

belief in religious toleration

Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate see a rise of a popular culture, during which time the visual arts, literature, and performing arts thrived?

The Tokugawa shoguns closed the country's borders which permitted its own unique culture to develop.

Who was responsible for writing Don Quixote de la Mancha, a novel about a fantastical medieval adventure with sidekick Sancho Panza?

Cervantes

Which of the following accomplishments of Peter the Great were considered to have the most impact on Russia?

He brought elements of Western culture to Russia in effort to modernize the nation.

Which French leader was a military dictator who was credited with a series of lasting reforms such as the Bank of France and a system of public education?

Napoleon

Which American colonist used ideas from European thinkers of the enlightenment to draft the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

How was the American Revolution different from the French Revolution?

The revolution was an attempt to break free from the motherland and create a new nation.

Which French leader was an absolute monarch who was eventually beheaded with the guillotine?

Louis XVI

Question Asked
Who was responsible for the heliocentric theory that stated the earth revolved around the sun?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Which writer from the Enlightenment wrote the Essay Concerning Human Understanding (in which he evaluated the development of human thought) and Two Treatises of Government (which stated the power of government should be limited)?

John Locke

Under the reign of Philip II in Spain, all of the following occurred EXCEPT:

The Spanish Armada sent by Philip II was successful in defeating the English.

Which economic principle means 'free to do', and was based on the idea that the market should be free from regulation and government involvement, resulting in the creation of wealth?

laissez-faire

Identify the incorrect statement about Lewis Hine and his efforts during the Industrial Revolution in America.

He was hired by the National Child Labor Committee to identify ways factory owners could hide the exploitation of children to make more money.

Who invented the light bulb, generator, and other electrical devices?

Thomas Edison

How did industrialization change the social class structure?

The Industrial Revolution brought about the middle class, who had free time to travel and enjoy leisurely activities.

Urbanization occurred during the Industrial Revolution because people started moving to the city to obtain work. As more and more people arrived, there were improvements in infrastructure and environmental standards. T/F

true

Identify the key figure of the Industrial Revolution who was responsible for inventing the Model T, an affordable automobile for most families.

Henry Ford

In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain

Which of the following events occurred in Russia and led to the establishment of the October Manifesto, which promised more rights to Russians?

Hundreds of protesters were shot after Father Gapon led them to the Winter Palace to demand reform; this was known as Bloody Sunday.

Identify the two key figures who led movements in South America's struggle for independence from Spain.

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

What term refers to the concept of forcefully extending a nation's authority over weaker nations for purpose of acquiring land or natural resources for their own benefit?

imperialism

Who traveled to Japan in 1852, setting up two trading posts and opening the country to trade with the West?

Matthew Perry

In what nation did former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture lead a revolt against French forces?

Haiti

What nation did Otto von Bismarck unite in the late 1800s after wars with Austria and France?

Germany

Identify the nation that exerted imperial control over India, impacting their language and religious beliefs.

Britain

What event required European nations to inform others when claiming a new African territory?

Berlin Conference

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of World War I?

the desire of European nations to remain isolated, not forging relationships with neighbors

Who led the Bolsheviks to revolution in Russia during World War I?

Vladimir Lenin

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the primary cause for World War I. Of what nation was he the heir to the throne?

Austria-Hungary

What key Indian figure encouraged nonviolent opposition to British rule and the boycott of British products, requiring Indians to spin their own thread for cloth?

Mohandas Gandhi

What document was drafted that ended World War I and required that Germany take responsibility for the war?

Treaty of Versailles

In 1905, a Russian priest named Father Gapon led a group of protesters to the Winter Palace seeking reforms for the people of Russia. Several hundred protesters were shot and killed in what has come to be known as

Bloody Sunday.

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Manifest destiny

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

What new weapon caused the loss of life on the Lusitania, resulting in the death of over 120 Americans?

U-boats

Which of the following is NOT true about British imperialism in India during the mid-1700s to 1800s, known as the British Raj?

Indians began to develop a transportation network of railroads, roads, and canals to make it easier to fight the British.

Which nation gained independence after years of protest and opposition led by Mohandas Gandhi?

India

Identify what action helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression in the late 1930s.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the New Deal.

The Versailles Treaty contained a clause that promised independence to nations who contributed to the efforts of the Allied Forces during World War I. T/F

False

What occurred following the clash between Guomindang and Communist parties in China, resulting in the loss of over 90,000 people?

the Long March

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression in the United States?

President Roosevelt's New Deal

Which artist of the Renaissance was a self-professed sculptor, but was hired to paint the Sistine Chapel, which was a backbreaking task for the artist?

Michelangelo

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

heliocentrism

Alchemists like Paracelsus hoped to discover which of the following secrets?

the secret of eternal life

Select the incorrect statement about the Renaissance.

Great thinkers looked to the accomplishments of the Middle Ages as inspiration.

Which of the following Renaissance scientists made improvements to the telescope?

Galileo Galilee

The triangular trade took place across the Pacific Ocean, exchanging goods between India, Mexico, and Japan. T/F

False

Who borrowed money in 1454 to create an invention known as the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

Which Italian Renaissance artist was considered the ideal “Renaissance Man” due to his desire for knowledge, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and art?

Leonardo da Vinci

Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved."

Niccolo Machiavelli

Which of the following was NOT one of the effects of the Reformation efforts?

The Catholic Church started selling indulgences.

What movement centered around studies of classics and belief in individual accomplishments?

humanism

The Renaissance was a rebirth of ancient classics and ideas from what region?

Rome and Greece

Artwork from the Northern Renaissance focused on what characteristic, which was different than works produced in Italy during the Renaissance?

reflection of everyday life

Which German artist from the Northern Renaissance was known for his portraits of self-conscious individualism?

Albrecht Dürer

The Black Death improved the life of ordinary people in Europe who survived, and it led to the rebirth, or renewal, known as the Renaissance. T/F

True

Which northern Renaissance artist was considered the greatest German artist, known for his prints as well as paintings?

Albrecht Durer

William Tyndale was burned at the stake as a heretic for making a copy of the vernacular Bible in Germany and smuggling copies into England. T/F

True

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Andreas Vesalius

Select the English playwright known for writing tragedies such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.

William Shakespeare

Which of the following was an effort by the Catholic Church to counter the Reformation?

Council of Trent

Europeans brought sheep, chicken, sugar, coffee, and citrus fruits to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange. They also brought over influenza and the common cold, which killed many of the Native Americans. T/F

True

Many people believed the Catholic Church had become too powerful and wealthy, and too involved in political matters, which sparked reformists to rise up and speak out about the abuses. T/F

True

Which of the following characteristics is different from Italian Renaissance art and most identifies the work produced in the northern Renaissance?

reflected everyday life

Pope Julius II commissioned Donato Bramante to design which structure in Rome that had been demolished because of deterioration? Saint Peter's Basilica was designed and rebuilt using Bramante's plan, but also later redesigned by Michelangelo and Maderno.

Saint Peter's Basilica

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler

Which leader of the Mughal Empire was very curious, but illiterate, and displayed religious tolerance to the extent that he took one wife from every of the four major religions?

Akbar

Which Russian leader encouraged education, developed training in fields such as shipbuilding, printing, and dentistry, and attempted to modernize Russia by exposing it to Western culture?

Peter the Great

Who was responsible for the development of the Communist economic theory, which states that government should control all businesses, people should not be paid for their work, and that all products should be equally distributed amongst society?

Karl Marx

Which of the following is NOT true about the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte?

He was successful in uniting all of Europe in his Continental System.

Which social class came to be during the Industrial Revolution, typically comprised of factory and business owners, who now had time to enjoy leisurely activities?

middle class

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

Which Chinese dynasty came about in the 1400s after a peasant rebel rose up and conquered the last of the Yuan dynasty?

Ming

What Japanese art form, meaning "pictures of the floating world," was created using woodblock prints and greatly impacted Western art, particularly Impressionists in Europe and America?

ukiyo-e

Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors of production?

Communist ideology

Who invented the process of removing bacteria cells from food and liquids such as milk, cheese, and juice?

Louis Pasteur

Identify the two figures that developed the five-step process known as the scientific method.

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Select the Japanese figure of the feudal warrior society whose role was similar to that of the knight in Medieval Europe.

samurai

Select the theory of economics that believes government should not play a role in business and supports the laissez-faire principle of 'free to do.'

capitalism

Select the nation that governed with a monarchy, but whose leader was limited in power due to the lawmaking body of Parliament.

England

Who was largely responsible for the child labor reform efforts in America, as he made much of the American population aware of the situation through his photography?

Lewis Hine

Which of the following did NOT occur after the fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453?

The Ottomans refused to permit anyone in the region that was not a Muslim.

On July 14, 1789 a mob of people stormed a prison that held political prisoners, revolting against the injustices of the governing party. In which country did this occur?

France

Which nation did Spain go to war with during the Anglo-Spanish War, when Philip II sent a Spanish Armada to defeat them, but the severe weather inhibited their efforts and Spain lost?

England

All of the following are true about the beginnings of industrialization EXCEPT:

The first factories were powered by steam engines, but later converted to water mills because coal was scarce.

Upon being crowned the shah of the Safavid Empire, fourteen-year-old Esma'il declared Shi'ism the official religion, which was a problem because the majority of his subjects belonged to what religious sect?

Sunni Islam

The writings of the Enlightenment influenced the leaders of the American and French Revolutions. For example, Thomas Jefferson wrote that all citizens have a right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence, based on the writings of John Locke. T/F

True

During the reign of the Kamukura Shogunate, the emperor was still at the top of the hierarchical structure, but possessed little power. T/F

true

Which nation gained independence after years of protest and opposition led by Mohandas Gandhi?

India

Why did Germany declare war on Belgium, although they were a neutral country?

Germany wanted to cut through Belgium to have easier access to France.

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Manifest destiny

What group was systematically exterminated by the Turks during World War I, with the loss of nearly 1.5 million people?

Armenians

On what date was an armistice signed between Germany and the Allies, ending World War I?

November 11, 1918

During World War I, which nation had to pull out of battle because a revolution began on the home front, and they lacked the industrial power needed to match the weaponry of its enemies?

Russia

MAIN is an acronym that explains why World War I started, as well as the reason for the start of other wars throughout history. What is MAIN?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Identify the Latin American country that was eventually freed from French rule after former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture encouraged rebels to rise and revolt in 1791.

Haiti

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression in the United States?

President Roosevelt's New Deal

Identify the two key figures who led movements in South America's struggle for independence from Spain.

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

What occurred following the clash between Guomindang and Communist parties in China, resulting in the loss of over 90,000 people?

the Long March

What nation did Otto von Bismarck unite in the late 1800s after wars with Austria and France?

Germany

In what country did the Long March, a treacherous journey endured by Communists who were seeking a safe place to regain strength and rise up again to take control of the government, take place?

China

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of World War I?

the desire of European nations to remain isolated, not forging relationships with neighbors

What new weapon caused the loss of life on the Lusitania, resulting in the death of over 120 Americans?

U-boats

Africans who fought with the British during World War I had hoped to be freed from European control once the Allies were victorious. What African nation was finally freed from Britain in 1922, after protests?

Egypt

In what nation did former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture lead a revolt against French forces?

Haiti

Franz Ferdinand was in line to the throne of what nation, which first declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, one month after his assassination?

Austria-Hungary

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the primary cause for World War I. Of what nation was he the heir to the throne?

Austria-Hungary

Which of the following types of warfare was used during World War I but was not a new form of warfare?

trench warfare

Identify what action helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression in the late 1930s.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the New Deal.

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

What occurred on November 9 and 10, 1938 that was the beginning of the violence between the 'Aryans' and the Jews?

Jewish businesses, places of worship, and homes were burned and destroyed during Kristallnacht.

Which European leader did NOT create a totalitarian system of government that controlled all aspects of society?

Winston Churchill in England

After World War I, how did Japan become a dominant power, producing advanced weaponry to compete with Western nations?

It became an industrialized nation under strong military leaders.

Which European leader created a Five-Year Plan, based on Communist ideology, that required workers to double, or triple, production to modernize their nation?

Joseph Stalin

In 1931, which nation expanded its territories into Manchuria, leading to war with China and to violent deaths for more than 100,000 people in the Nanking Massacre?

Japan

What system of government was started in Italy by Benito Mussolini, in which one leader ruled over all aspects of people's lives, and was primarily financed through private entities?

fascism

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in the early 1930s. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate in regards to the tactics used to obtain control of the government and people of Germany?

Hitler established the Nuremberg Laws, providing more rights to the Jews living in Germany.

Which of the following events took place on November 9 and 10, 1938?

In Germany, Jewish-owned stores, homes, and places of worship were destroyed in a planned attack.

Which of the following was NOT a cause of World War II?

An alliance was formed between Germany and the United States.

How were Japanese-Americans affected after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor?

They were forced to relocate to internment camps.

What term refers to the method of attack used by the Nazis that allowed them to successfully conquer numerous European nations during World War II?

blitzkrieg

Who became the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II?

Winston Churchill

Hitler's 'Final Solution' referred to the extermination of the Jewish population living in and around Germany during the time of World War II. This resulted in the execution of over 6 million Jews. T/F

True

Which of the following countries was invaded by German forces, in spite of having signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939?

the Soviet Union

The Marshall Plan was enacted to support a U.S. foreign policy to keep communism from spreading, also known as

containment.

Who immigrated to the United States during World War II and became the director of the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb?

Robert Oppenheimer

What two new alliances were made after World War II, one between Communist Eastern European nations and the other between Western non-Communist nations?

NATO and the Warsaw Pact

Which two superpowers engaged in an arms race during the cold war as they competed with each other to acquire advanced weaponry and build up their militaries?

the United States and the Soviet Union

What is true about the key German leaders who were responsible for the Holocaust?

The Nuremberg Trials lasted nearly four years, and many key German leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death.

To what did the U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education refer?

racial segregation in American schools

Which of the following is NOT true about the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war?

President Richard Nixon developed the theory of detente, in which two SALT treaties were created to increase U.S. holdings of nuclear weapons and anti-ballistic missiles.

Mikhail Gorbachev's concept of glasnost referred to an openness to communicate to the West in an attempt to pull the Soviet Union out of a poor economy.

true

What nation experienced the Velvet Revolution, a peaceful and non-violent movement that removed communists from power?

Czechoslovakia

In what nation did the Soviet Union place missiles, which was viewed as a threat to the United States and prompted action by President John F. Kennedy?

Cuba

What has happened to the leadership of Cuba since Fidel Castro stepped down due to illness?

His brother, Raul, has taken Fidel's place.

Vietnam had been a colony controlled by what nation prior to World War II?

France

What agreement was signed in 1992 between the United States, Mexico, and Canada?

the North American Free Trade Agreement

In which country did Eva Perón work with her husband, President Juan Perón, to improve the lives of the poor and working class?

Argentina

Who came to power in China, instituting a Communist regime that would bring great suffering to the nation's people?

Mao Zedong

North Korea's capitalist economy has surged over the last decade due to increasing exports.

false

Identify what happened in 1989 in Tiananmen Square.

Hundreds of pro-democracy protesters were killed by the Chinese government.

Select the nation that was created in 1947 in the Middle East to provide a homeland for Jewish people.

Israel

After World War II, Africa's economy was based on agriculture.

true

In which country were apartheid laws created that prohibited interracial marriage and otherwise segregated the races?

South Africa

During the 1990s, the United States became involved in a military dispute involving which nations?

Iraq and Kuwait

Which of the following is NOT true about Nelson Mandela?

He was a farmer.

Which leader of the Mughal Empire was very curious, but illiterate, and displayed religious tolerance to the extent that he took one wife from every of the four major religions?

Akbar

Which of the following is NOT true about British imperialism in India during the mid-1700s to 1800s, known as the British Raj?

Indians began to develop a transportation network of railroads, roads, and canals to make it easier to fight the British.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about John Calvin and his reform efforts?

Calvinist churches were filled with music.

Which of the following is NOT true about the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte?

He was successful in uniting all of Europe in his Continental System.

Identify the two figures that developed the five-step process known as the scientific method.

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Sunni Islam

Who made improvements to the telescope?

Galileo Galilei

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

heliocentrism

Which of the following secrets did alchemists like Paracelsus hope to discover?

how to change lead into gold

Which wife of England's King Henry VIII produced a daughter named Mary, who later became known as "Bloody Mary" for her persecution of Protestants by burning them at the stake?

Catherine of Aragon

What were indulgences, as practiced prior to the Reformation?

A religious figure pardoned one's sins and could reduce the amount of time in purgatory if money was paid to the Church.

What Japanese art form, meaning "pictures of the floating world," was created using woodblock prints and greatly impacted Western art, particularly Impressionists in Europe and America?

ukiyo-e

Which of the following is NOT a reason Europeans wanted to explore the unknown?

to give up their land in Europe to Chinese invaders

Which was the first nation to break through in European exploration and exploitation, but was quickly surpassed by other European nations?

Portugal

Which explorer sailed for both England and the Netherlands in search of a Northwest Passage, but instead discovered a river in North America that was named after him?

Henry Hudson

Identify the nation that established colonies in Canada consisting of small groups of traders who focused on the trading of fish and fur.

France

Which European nation colonized Brazil, resulting in that being one of the few South American nations to not speak Spanish?

Portugal

Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico in 1519, resulting in the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. Which country did Cortés travel to the Americas for?

Spain

Which nation sent Christopher Columbus to find a route to the West Indies, resulting in his "discovery" of the Americas?

Spain

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler

Which Chinese dynasty came about in the 1400s after a peasant rebel rose up and conquered the last of the Yuan dynasty?

Ming

Franz Ferdinand was in line to the throne of what nation, which first declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, one month after his assassination?

Austria-Hungary

On what date was an armistice signed between Germany and the Allies, ending World War I?

November 11, 1918

Which two key figures of the Reformation were from Switzerland, where Anabaptists were persecuted for their beliefs in adult baptism, the abolition of private property, and the ability to take more than one wife?

John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli

Who was responsible for posting the Ninety-Five Theses on the front door of a church addressing the how practices of the Catholic Church contradicted the principles of Christianity?

Martin Luther

Which Russian leader encouraged education, developed training in fields such as shipbuilding, printing, and dentistry, and attempted to modernize Russia by exposing it to Western culture?

Peter the Great

Which nation did Spain go to war with during the Anglo-Spanish War, when Philip II sent a Spanish Armada to defeat them, but the severe weather inhibited their efforts and Spain lost?

England

Which of the following did NOT occur after the fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453?

The Ottomans refused to permit anyone in the region that was not a Muslim.

In what country did the Long March (a treacherous journey endured by Communists who were seeking a safe place to regain strength and rise up again to take control of the government) take place?

China

Why did Germany declare war on Belgium, although they were a neutral country?

Germany wanted to cut through Belgium to have easier access to France.

Choose the explorer who left from Spain in 1519 with five ships and a crew of 250 with a goal of circumnavigating the world, but was killed in the Philippines during his journey.

Ferdinand Magellan

Select the Japanese figure of the feudal warrior society whose role was similar to that of the knight in Medieval Europe.

samurai

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

As the Europeans explored the Americas, they would encounter new plants, animals, and diseases. All of the following plants and animals would have been new to Europeans EXCEPT

horses.

Select the nation that governed with a monarchy, but whose leader was limited in power due to the lawmaking body of Parliament.

England

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Manifest destiny

Who invented the process of removing bacteria cells from food and liquids such as milk, cheese, and juice?

Louis Pasteur

What group was systematically exterminated by the Turks during World War I, with the loss of nearly 1.5 million people?

Armenians

On July 14, 1789 a mob of people stormed a prison that held political prisoners, revolting against the injustices of the governing party. In which country did this occur?

France

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

Identify the Latin American country that was eventually freed from French rule after former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture encouraged rebels to rise and revolt in 1791.

Haiti

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Andreas Vesalius

All of the following are true about the beginnings of industrialization EXCEPT:

The first factories were powered by steam engines, but later converted to water mills because coal was scarce.

MAIN is an acronym that explains why World War I started, as well as the reason for the start of other wars throughout history. What is MAIN?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

During World War I, which nation had to pull out of battle because a revolution began on the home front, and they lacked the industrial power needed to match the weaponry of its enemies?

Russia

Which of the following types of warfare was used during World War I but was not a new form of warfare?

trench warfare

What key Indian figure encouraged nonviolent opposition to British rule and the boycott of British products, requiring Indians to spin their own thread for cloth?

Mohandas Gandhi

Which leader succeeded Vladimir Lenin in 1924 as the head of the Soviet Union?

Joseph Stalin

According to the chart below, which nation suffered the greatest loss of military personnel?

the Soviet Union

Which nation moved into Manchuria in the 1930s, resulting in the development of Manchukuo and a pact with Germany?

Japan

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

The United States refused to sell oil to Japan.

Which of the following did NOT occur after Germany invaded the Soviet Union?

Germany conquered the Soviet Union and exiled Joseph Stalin to Siberia.

What occurred on the nights of November 8 and 9, 1938 in Germany that was a precursor for what was to come?

Businesses and homes of Jews were destroyed in an organized violent attack.

In 1931, which nation expanded its territories into Manchuria, leading to war with China and to violent deaths for more than 100,000 people in the Nanking Massacre?

Japan

What scientist emigrated from Germany to the United States and became the director of the Manhattan Project?

Robert Oppenheimer

Select the term used to describe the extermination of the Jews during World War II.

Holocaust

Which of the following was NOT a cause of World War II?

An alliance was formed between Germany and the United States.

Hitler believed that what group of people was the master race, as he made plans for territorial expansion to provide more living space for them?

Germans

Adolf Hitler annexed what two German-speaking regions before invading and conquering Czechoslovakia in 1939?

Austria and Sudetenland

How did the war between the United States and Japan come to an end during World War II?

President Truman ordered that two atomic bombs be dropped on Japan.

Which European leader did NOT create a totalitarian system of government that controlled all aspects of society?

Winston Churchill in England

Which system of government rests furthest left on the political spectrum and, as a totalitarian regime, focuses on the government owning all aspects of the economy, including property and the means of production?

communism

At what point did the United States become involved in World War II?

after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

The United States became fearful that communism would spread around the world and ultimately impact America. What action was taken in an attempt to prevent that from happening?

The Marshall Plan

How many people, worldwide, are believed to have died during World War II?

60 million

What nation did Germany conquer in September 1939 using the blitzkrieg method, which marked the beginning of World War II?

Poland

According to the chart below, which of the following nations suffered the greatest loss of civilians during World War II?

Poland

What is true about the key German leaders who were responsible for the Holocaust?

The Nuremberg Trials lasted nearly four years, and many key German leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death.

Who immigrated to the United States during World War II and became the director of the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb?

Robert Oppenheimer

After World War I, how did Japan become a dominant power, producing advanced weaponry to compete with Western nations?

It became an industrialized nation under strong military leaders.

Which of the following events took place on November 9 and 10, 1938?

In Germany, Jewish-owned stores, homes, and places of worship were destroyed in a planned attack.

Who became the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II?

Winston Churchill

Which Soviet leader promoted the policies of glasnost and perestroika in an effort to save the Soviet economy?

Mikhail Gorbachev

What event occurred in Tiananmen Square in 1989?

Pro-democracy protesters were killed by government troops.

Which of the following was NOT one of the topics of discussion during the SALT talks initiated by President Richard Nixon?

increasing the number of anti-ballistic missiles, which were used to shoot down missiles

During Mao Zedong's rule of China, he invoked the Cultural Revolution, which was an effort to increase the literacy rate in China and elevate the educators and intellectuals to the highest status. T/F

false

What nation, once controlled by Great Britain, was partitioned into two nations based upon religion?

India

Identify the nation that utilized biological and chemical weapons during war with the Iranians in the 1980s.

Iraq

Why is war against terrorists difficult to fight?

Members of terrorist groups are scattered throughout the world, so there is no one clear target.

Select the country in Africa that was subjected to apartheid laws once the Afrikaners, or descendents of original Dutch settlers, came to power.

South Africa

What nation was established in 1948 as a homeland for the Jews?

Israel

When Juan Perón came to power in Argentina, what group of people did his wife Eva work to support?

the poor working class

What nation was responsible for constructing the Panama Canal from 1906 to 1914, and overseeing the waterway until 1999?

the United States

What Muslim country was created when India was separated due to religious conflicts?

Pakistan

What agreement was made between the United States, Mexico, and Canada in 1992 that concerned many working people?

a free trade agreement between all three nations, which cut tariffs on imports

Who led Cuba to a revolution, became dictator for over 50 years, and converted the nation into a strict Communist regime?

Fidel Castro

In 1962, President John F. Kennedy was faced with a decision to avoid nuclear war. What occurred to place the United States in that position?

The Soviets placed missiles in Cuba.

Whose visit to Poland in the late 1970s helped helped inspire the Polish people to fight communism?

Pope John Paul II

During the Russian Constitutional Crisis, which Russian president illegally dissolved the Russian Parliament and scrapped the constitution?

Boris Yeltsin

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's concept of glasnost was an attempt to

pull the nation out of economic troubles.

Who was the leader of the Polish movement called "Solidarity"?

Lech Walesa