Printable Flash Cards

Term 1

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

Definition 1

heliocentrism

Term 2

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Definition 2

Johannes Kepler

Term 3

Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved."

Definition 3

Niccolo Machiavelli

Term 4

Which of the following secrets did alchemists like Paracelsus hope to discover?

Definition 4

how to change lead into gold

Term 5

Who made improvements to the telescope?

Definition 5

Johannes Kepler

Term 6

What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled ideas to spread quickly?

Definition 6

printing press

Term 7

Great thinkers looked to the accomplishments of the Middle Ages as inspiration. T/F

Definition 7

False

Term 8

Which northern Renaissance artist was considered the greatest German artist, known for his prints as well as paintings?

Definition 8

Albrecht Durer

Term 9

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Definition 9

Andreas Vesalius

Term 10

Which of the following characteristics is different from Italian Renaissance art and most identifies the work produced in the northern Renaissance?

Definition 10

reflected everyday life

Term 11

Which historical figure made the decision to break England from the Catholic Church in order to grant himself a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon?

Definition 11

Henry VIII

Term 12

Due to the Reformation, changes in marriage practices led to more freedom for women, who could now seek divorce for desertion, impotence, and abuse. T/F

Definition 12

True

Term 13

What new religious order, founded by Ignatius Loyola, stemmed out of the Counter-Reformation?

Definition 13

Society of Jesus, or Jesuits

Term 14

What event prompted the Protestant Reformation?

Definition 14

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on a church door.

Term 15

Martin Luther objected to what policy of the Catholic Church, which prompted him to write and post his Ninety-Five Theses?

Definition 15

indulgences

Term 16

What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled the ideas of the Reformation to spread quickly?

Definition 16

printing press

Term 17

Which of the following reformers, based in Switzerland, believed in Martin Luther's ideas about faith, and also claimed that salvation was a gift from God only for those who were predestined for it?

Definition 17

John Calvin

Term 18

Which nation did not send large groups of settlers to the Americas, or enslave Native Americans, and primarily sought to obtain fish and fur for trade?

Definition 18

France

Term 19

Due to the Columbian Exchange, millions of Native Americans died from diseases, such as the flu and common cold, brought to the Americas by the Europeans to which the natives had no immunity. T/F

Definition 19

True

Term 20

Which European explorer attempted to circumnavigate the world, leaving from Spain in 1519, but was killed in the midst of his journey, leaving his crew members to complete his goal?

Definition 20

Ferdinand Magellan

Term 21

What language is spoken in Brazil and why?

Definition 21

Portuguese, as they were permitted to control that territory east of the imaginary line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Term 22

Identify the nation that conquered the Aztecs and Incas in the mid-1500s under the direction of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.

Definition 22

Spain

Term 23

The expansion of colonies in the Americas and the loss of millions of Native Americans to disease and mistreatment led European colonists to purchase

Definition 23

slaves from the Africans for labor.

Term 24

What is mercantilism?

Definition 24

an economic theory that stressed the importance of colonies as sources of raw materials

Term 25

Which animal, brought from the Old World during the Columbian Exchange, made hunting for buffalo much easier for Native Americans?

Definition 25

horse

Term 26

What is NOT true about the effects of the slave trade?

Definition 26

Africans became educated and translated correspondence between the French and Native Americans.

Term 27

Select the artistic achievement that occurred during the Ming dynasty in China.

Definition 27

production of blue-and-white porcelain

Term 28

Although the shogun was a powerful military figure in Japan, the emperor always possessed the power over the people and land. T/F

Definition 28

False

Term 29

When fourteen-year-old Esma'il was crowned shah in the 1500s, he made Shi'ism the official religion, which resulted in significant violence when his subjects who were of another religion opposed. Of what religion were most of his subjects?

Definition 29

Sunni

Term 30

Which of the following was NOT one of the significant results of May 29, 1453?

Definition 30

The Hagia Sophia Cathedral was demolished when Ottomans took control

Term 31

Which member of the Japanese feudal hierarchy followed the Bushido, was viewed as an honorable and disciplined warrior, and was responsible for protecting the people of the land?

Definition 31

samurai

Term 32

The Mughal Empire saw great prosperity and peace when its leader Akbar encouraged tolerance of what cultural aspect?

Definition 32

belief in religious toleration

Term 33

Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate see a rise of a popular culture, during which time the visual arts, literature, and performing arts thrived?

Definition 33

The Tokugawa shoguns closed the country's borders which permitted its own unique culture to develop.

Term 34

Who was responsible for writing Don Quixote de la Mancha, a novel about a fantastical medieval adventure with sidekick Sancho Panza?

Definition 34

Cervantes

Term 35

Which of the following accomplishments of Peter the Great were considered to have the most impact on Russia?

Definition 35

He brought elements of Western culture to Russia in effort to modernize the nation.

Term 36

Which French leader was a military dictator who was credited with a series of lasting reforms such as the Bank of France and a system of public education?

Definition 36

Napoleon

Term 37

Which American colonist used ideas from European thinkers of the enlightenment to draft the Declaration of Independence?

Definition 37

Thomas Jefferson

Term 38

How was the American Revolution different from the French Revolution?

Definition 38

The revolution was an attempt to break free from the motherland and create a new nation.

Term 39

Which French leader was an absolute monarch who was eventually beheaded with the guillotine?

Definition 39

Louis XVI

Term 40

Question Asked
Who was responsible for the heliocentric theory that stated the earth revolved around the sun?

Definition 40

Nicolaus Copernicus

Term 41

Which writer from the Enlightenment wrote the Essay Concerning Human Understanding (in which he evaluated the development of human thought) and Two Treatises of Government (which stated the power of government should be limited)?

Definition 41

John Locke

Term 42

Under the reign of Philip II in Spain, all of the following occurred EXCEPT:

Definition 42

The Spanish Armada sent by Philip II was successful in defeating the English.

Term 43

Which economic principle means 'free to do', and was based on the idea that the market should be free from regulation and government involvement, resulting in the creation of wealth?

Definition 43

laissez-faire

Term 44

Identify the incorrect statement about Lewis Hine and his efforts during the Industrial Revolution in America.

Definition 44

He was hired by the National Child Labor Committee to identify ways factory owners could hide the exploitation of children to make more money.

Term 45

Who invented the light bulb, generator, and other electrical devices?

Definition 45

Thomas Edison

Term 46

How did industrialization change the social class structure?

Definition 46

The Industrial Revolution brought about the middle class, who had free time to travel and enjoy leisurely activities.

Term 47

Urbanization occurred during the Industrial Revolution because people started moving to the city to obtain work. As more and more people arrived, there were improvements in infrastructure and environmental standards. T/F

Definition 47

true

Term 48

Identify the key figure of the Industrial Revolution who was responsible for inventing the Model T, an affordable automobile for most families.

Definition 48

Henry Ford

Term 49

In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Definition 49

Great Britain

Term 50

Which of the following events occurred in Russia and led to the establishment of the October Manifesto, which promised more rights to Russians?

Definition 50

Hundreds of protesters were shot after Father Gapon led them to the Winter Palace to demand reform; this was known as Bloody Sunday.

Term 51

Identify the two key figures who led movements in South America's struggle for independence from Spain.

Definition 51

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

Term 52

What term refers to the concept of forcefully extending a nation's authority over weaker nations for purpose of acquiring land or natural resources for their own benefit?

Definition 52

imperialism

Term 53

Who traveled to Japan in 1852, setting up two trading posts and opening the country to trade with the West?

Definition 53

Matthew Perry

Term 54

In what nation did former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture lead a revolt against French forces?

Definition 54

Haiti

Term 55

What nation did Otto von Bismarck unite in the late 1800s after wars with Austria and France?

Definition 55

Germany

Term 56

Identify the nation that exerted imperial control over India, impacting their language and religious beliefs.

Definition 56

Britain

Term 57

What event required European nations to inform others when claiming a new African territory?

Definition 57

Berlin Conference

Term 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of World War I?

Definition 58

the desire of European nations to remain isolated, not forging relationships with neighbors

Term 59

Who led the Bolsheviks to revolution in Russia during World War I?

Definition 59

Vladimir Lenin

Term 60

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the primary cause for World War I. Of what nation was he the heir to the throne?

Definition 60

Austria-Hungary

Term 61

What key Indian figure encouraged nonviolent opposition to British rule and the boycott of British products, requiring Indians to spin their own thread for cloth?

Definition 61

Mohandas Gandhi

Term 62

What document was drafted that ended World War I and required that Germany take responsibility for the war?

Definition 62

Treaty of Versailles

Term 63

In 1905, a Russian priest named Father Gapon led a group of protesters to the Winter Palace seeking reforms for the people of Russia. Several hundred protesters were shot and killed in what has come to be known as

Definition 63

Bloody Sunday.

Term 64

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Definition 64

Manifest destiny

Term 65

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

Definition 65

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

Term 66

What new weapon caused the loss of life on the Lusitania, resulting in the death of over 120 Americans?

Definition 66

U-boats

Term 67

Which of the following is NOT true about British imperialism in India during the mid-1700s to 1800s, known as the British Raj?

Definition 67

Indians began to develop a transportation network of railroads, roads, and canals to make it easier to fight the British.

Term 68

Which nation gained independence after years of protest and opposition led by Mohandas Gandhi?

Definition 68

India

Term 69

Identify what action helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression in the late 1930s.

Definition 69

President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the New Deal.

Term 70

The Versailles Treaty contained a clause that promised independence to nations who contributed to the efforts of the Allied Forces during World War I. T/F

Definition 70

False

Term 71

What occurred following the clash between Guomindang and Communist parties in China, resulting in the loss of over 90,000 people?

Definition 71

the Long March

Term 72

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression in the United States?

Definition 72

President Roosevelt's New Deal

Term 73

Which artist of the Renaissance was a self-professed sculptor, but was hired to paint the Sistine Chapel, which was a backbreaking task for the artist?

Definition 73

Michelangelo

Term 74

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

Definition 74

heliocentrism

Term 75

Alchemists like Paracelsus hoped to discover which of the following secrets?

Definition 75

the secret of eternal life

Term 76

Select the incorrect statement about the Renaissance.

Definition 76

Great thinkers looked to the accomplishments of the Middle Ages as inspiration.

Term 77

Which of the following Renaissance scientists made improvements to the telescope?

Definition 77

Galileo Galilee

Term 78

The triangular trade took place across the Pacific Ocean, exchanging goods between India, Mexico, and Japan. T/F

Definition 78

False

Term 79

Who borrowed money in 1454 to create an invention known as the printing press?

Definition 79

Johannes Gutenberg

Term 80

Which Italian Renaissance artist was considered the ideal “Renaissance Man” due to his desire for knowledge, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and art?

Definition 80

Leonardo da Vinci

Term 81

Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved."

Definition 81

Niccolo Machiavelli

Term 82

Which of the following was NOT one of the effects of the Reformation efforts?

Definition 82

The Catholic Church started selling indulgences.

Term 83

What movement centered around studies of classics and belief in individual accomplishments?

Definition 83

humanism

Term 84

The Renaissance was a rebirth of ancient classics and ideas from what region?

Definition 84

Rome and Greece

Term 85

Artwork from the Northern Renaissance focused on what characteristic, which was different than works produced in Italy during the Renaissance?

Definition 85

reflection of everyday life

Term 86

Which German artist from the Northern Renaissance was known for his portraits of self-conscious individualism?

Definition 86

Albrecht Dürer

Term 87

The Black Death improved the life of ordinary people in Europe who survived, and it led to the rebirth, or renewal, known as the Renaissance. T/F

Definition 87

True

Term 88

Which northern Renaissance artist was considered the greatest German artist, known for his prints as well as paintings?

Definition 88

Albrecht Durer

Term 89

William Tyndale was burned at the stake as a heretic for making a copy of the vernacular Bible in Germany and smuggling copies into England. T/F

Definition 89

True

Term 90

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Definition 90

Andreas Vesalius

Term 91

Select the English playwright known for writing tragedies such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.

Definition 91

William Shakespeare

Term 92

Which of the following was an effort by the Catholic Church to counter the Reformation?

Definition 92

Council of Trent

Term 93

Europeans brought sheep, chicken, sugar, coffee, and citrus fruits to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange. They also brought over influenza and the common cold, which killed many of the Native Americans. T/F

Definition 93

True

Term 94

Many people believed the Catholic Church had become too powerful and wealthy, and too involved in political matters, which sparked reformists to rise up and speak out about the abuses. T/F

Definition 94

True

Term 95

Which of the following characteristics is different from Italian Renaissance art and most identifies the work produced in the northern Renaissance?

Definition 95

reflected everyday life

Term 96

Pope Julius II commissioned Donato Bramante to design which structure in Rome that had been demolished because of deterioration? Saint Peter's Basilica was designed and rebuilt using Bramante's plan, but also later redesigned by Michelangelo and Maderno.

Definition 96

Saint Peter's Basilica

Term 97

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Definition 97

Johannes Kepler

Term 98

Which leader of the Mughal Empire was very curious, but illiterate, and displayed religious tolerance to the extent that he took one wife from every of the four major religions?

Definition 98

Akbar

Term 99

Which Russian leader encouraged education, developed training in fields such as shipbuilding, printing, and dentistry, and attempted to modernize Russia by exposing it to Western culture?

Definition 99

Peter the Great

Term 100

Who was responsible for the development of the Communist economic theory, which states that government should control all businesses, people should not be paid for their work, and that all products should be equally distributed amongst society?

Definition 100

Karl Marx

Term 101

Which of the following is NOT true about the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte?

Definition 101

He was successful in uniting all of Europe in his Continental System.

Term 102

Which social class came to be during the Industrial Revolution, typically comprised of factory and business owners, who now had time to enjoy leisurely activities?

Definition 102

middle class

Term 103

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Definition 103

England

Term 104

Which Chinese dynasty came about in the 1400s after a peasant rebel rose up and conquered the last of the Yuan dynasty?

Definition 104

Ming

Term 105

What Japanese art form, meaning "pictures of the floating world," was created using woodblock prints and greatly impacted Western art, particularly Impressionists in Europe and America?

Definition 105

ukiyo-e

Term 106

Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors of production?

Definition 106

Communist ideology

Term 107

Who invented the process of removing bacteria cells from food and liquids such as milk, cheese, and juice?

Definition 107

Louis Pasteur

Term 108

Identify the two figures that developed the five-step process known as the scientific method.

Definition 108

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Term 109

Select the Japanese figure of the feudal warrior society whose role was similar to that of the knight in Medieval Europe.

Definition 109

samurai

Term 110

Select the theory of economics that believes government should not play a role in business and supports the laissez-faire principle of 'free to do.'

Definition 110

capitalism

Term 111

Select the nation that governed with a monarchy, but whose leader was limited in power due to the lawmaking body of Parliament.

Definition 111

England

Term 112

Who was largely responsible for the child labor reform efforts in America, as he made much of the American population aware of the situation through his photography?

Definition 112

Lewis Hine

Term 113

Which of the following did NOT occur after the fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453?

Definition 113

The Ottomans refused to permit anyone in the region that was not a Muslim.

Term 114

On July 14, 1789 a mob of people stormed a prison that held political prisoners, revolting against the injustices of the governing party. In which country did this occur?

Definition 114

France

Term 115

Which nation did Spain go to war with during the Anglo-Spanish War, when Philip II sent a Spanish Armada to defeat them, but the severe weather inhibited their efforts and Spain lost?

Definition 115

England

Term 116

All of the following are true about the beginnings of industrialization EXCEPT:

Definition 116

The first factories were powered by steam engines, but later converted to water mills because coal was scarce.

Term 117

Upon being crowned the shah of the Safavid Empire, fourteen-year-old Esma'il declared Shi'ism the official religion, which was a problem because the majority of his subjects belonged to what religious sect?

Definition 117

Sunni Islam

Term 118

The writings of the Enlightenment influenced the leaders of the American and French Revolutions. For example, Thomas Jefferson wrote that all citizens have a right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence, based on the writings of John Locke. T/F

Definition 118

True

Term 119

During the reign of the Kamukura Shogunate, the emperor was still at the top of the hierarchical structure, but possessed little power. T/F

Definition 119

true

Term 120

Which nation gained independence after years of protest and opposition led by Mohandas Gandhi?

Definition 120

India

Term 121

Why did Germany declare war on Belgium, although they were a neutral country?

Definition 121

Germany wanted to cut through Belgium to have easier access to France.

Term 122

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Definition 122

Manifest destiny

Term 123

What group was systematically exterminated by the Turks during World War I, with the loss of nearly 1.5 million people?

Definition 123

Armenians

Term 124

On what date was an armistice signed between Germany and the Allies, ending World War I?

Definition 124

November 11, 1918

Term 125

During World War I, which nation had to pull out of battle because a revolution began on the home front, and they lacked the industrial power needed to match the weaponry of its enemies?

Definition 125

Russia

Term 126

MAIN is an acronym that explains why World War I started, as well as the reason for the start of other wars throughout history. What is MAIN?

Definition 126

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Term 127

Identify the Latin American country that was eventually freed from French rule after former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture encouraged rebels to rise and revolt in 1791.

Definition 127

Haiti

Term 128

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression in the United States?

Definition 128

President Roosevelt's New Deal

Term 129

Identify the two key figures who led movements in South America's struggle for independence from Spain.

Definition 129

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

Term 130

What occurred following the clash between Guomindang and Communist parties in China, resulting in the loss of over 90,000 people?

Definition 130

the Long March

Term 131

What nation did Otto von Bismarck unite in the late 1800s after wars with Austria and France?

Definition 131

Germany

Term 132

In what country did the Long March, a treacherous journey endured by Communists who were seeking a safe place to regain strength and rise up again to take control of the government, take place?

Definition 132

China

Term 133

Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of World War I?

Definition 133

the desire of European nations to remain isolated, not forging relationships with neighbors

Term 134

What new weapon caused the loss of life on the Lusitania, resulting in the death of over 120 Americans?

Definition 134

U-boats

Term 135

Africans who fought with the British during World War I had hoped to be freed from European control once the Allies were victorious. What African nation was finally freed from Britain in 1922, after protests?

Definition 135

Egypt

Term 136

In what nation did former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture lead a revolt against French forces?

Definition 136

Haiti

Term 137

Franz Ferdinand was in line to the throne of what nation, which first declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, one month after his assassination?

Definition 137

Austria-Hungary

Term 138

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the primary cause for World War I. Of what nation was he the heir to the throne?

Definition 138

Austria-Hungary

Term 139

Which of the following types of warfare was used during World War I but was not a new form of warfare?

Definition 139

trench warfare

Term 140

Identify what action helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression in the late 1930s.

Definition 140

President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the New Deal.

Term 141

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

Definition 141

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

Term 142

What occurred on November 9 and 10, 1938 that was the beginning of the violence between the 'Aryans' and the Jews?

Definition 142

Jewish businesses, places of worship, and homes were burned and destroyed during Kristallnacht.

Term 143

Which European leader did NOT create a totalitarian system of government that controlled all aspects of society?

Definition 143

Winston Churchill in England

Term 144

After World War I, how did Japan become a dominant power, producing advanced weaponry to compete with Western nations?

Definition 144

It became an industrialized nation under strong military leaders.

Term 145

Which European leader created a Five-Year Plan, based on Communist ideology, that required workers to double, or triple, production to modernize their nation?

Definition 145

Joseph Stalin

Term 146

In 1931, which nation expanded its territories into Manchuria, leading to war with China and to violent deaths for more than 100,000 people in the Nanking Massacre?

Definition 146

Japan

Term 147

What system of government was started in Italy by Benito Mussolini, in which one leader ruled over all aspects of people's lives, and was primarily financed through private entities?

Definition 147

fascism

Term 148

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in the early 1930s. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate in regards to the tactics used to obtain control of the government and people of Germany?

Definition 148

Hitler established the Nuremberg Laws, providing more rights to the Jews living in Germany.

Term 149

Which of the following events took place on November 9 and 10, 1938?

Definition 149

In Germany, Jewish-owned stores, homes, and places of worship were destroyed in a planned attack.

Term 150

Which of the following was NOT a cause of World War II?

Definition 150

An alliance was formed between Germany and the United States.

Term 151

How were Japanese-Americans affected after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor?

Definition 151

They were forced to relocate to internment camps.

Term 152

What term refers to the method of attack used by the Nazis that allowed them to successfully conquer numerous European nations during World War II?

Definition 152

blitzkrieg

Term 153

Who became the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II?

Definition 153

Winston Churchill

Term 154

Hitler's 'Final Solution' referred to the extermination of the Jewish population living in and around Germany during the time of World War II. This resulted in the execution of over 6 million Jews. T/F

Definition 154

True

Term 155

Which of the following countries was invaded by German forces, in spite of having signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939?

Definition 155

the Soviet Union

Term 156

The Marshall Plan was enacted to support a U.S. foreign policy to keep communism from spreading, also known as

Definition 156

containment.

Term 157

Who immigrated to the United States during World War II and became the director of the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb?

Definition 157

Robert Oppenheimer

Term 158

What two new alliances were made after World War II, one between Communist Eastern European nations and the other between Western non-Communist nations?

Definition 158

NATO and the Warsaw Pact

Term 159

Which two superpowers engaged in an arms race during the cold war as they competed with each other to acquire advanced weaponry and build up their militaries?

Definition 159

the United States and the Soviet Union

Term 160

What is true about the key German leaders who were responsible for the Holocaust?

Definition 160

The Nuremberg Trials lasted nearly four years, and many key German leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death.

Term 161

To what did the U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education refer?

Definition 161

racial segregation in American schools

Term 162

Which of the following is NOT true about the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war?

Definition 162

President Richard Nixon developed the theory of detente, in which two SALT treaties were created to increase U.S. holdings of nuclear weapons and anti-ballistic missiles.

Term 163

Mikhail Gorbachev's concept of glasnost referred to an openness to communicate to the West in an attempt to pull the Soviet Union out of a poor economy.

Definition 163

true

Term 164

What nation experienced the Velvet Revolution, a peaceful and non-violent movement that removed communists from power?

Definition 164

Czechoslovakia

Term 165

In what nation did the Soviet Union place missiles, which was viewed as a threat to the United States and prompted action by President John F. Kennedy?

Definition 165

Cuba

Term 166

What has happened to the leadership of Cuba since Fidel Castro stepped down due to illness?

Definition 166

His brother, Raul, has taken Fidel's place.

Term 167

Vietnam had been a colony controlled by what nation prior to World War II?

Definition 167

France

Term 168

What agreement was signed in 1992 between the United States, Mexico, and Canada?

Definition 168

the North American Free Trade Agreement

Term 169

In which country did Eva Perón work with her husband, President Juan Perón, to improve the lives of the poor and working class?

Definition 169

Argentina

Term 170

Who came to power in China, instituting a Communist regime that would bring great suffering to the nation's people?

Definition 170

Mao Zedong

Term 171

North Korea's capitalist economy has surged over the last decade due to increasing exports.

Definition 171

false

Term 172

Identify what happened in 1989 in Tiananmen Square.

Definition 172

Hundreds of pro-democracy protesters were killed by the Chinese government.

Term 173

Select the nation that was created in 1947 in the Middle East to provide a homeland for Jewish people.

Definition 173

Israel

Term 174

After World War II, Africa's economy was based on agriculture.

Definition 174

true

Term 175

In which country were apartheid laws created that prohibited interracial marriage and otherwise segregated the races?

Definition 175

South Africa

Term 176

During the 1990s, the United States became involved in a military dispute involving which nations?

Definition 176

Iraq and Kuwait

Term 177

Which of the following is NOT true about Nelson Mandela?

Definition 177

He was a farmer.

Term 178

Which leader of the Mughal Empire was very curious, but illiterate, and displayed religious tolerance to the extent that he took one wife from every of the four major religions?

Definition 178

Akbar

Term 179

Which of the following is NOT true about British imperialism in India during the mid-1700s to 1800s, known as the British Raj?

Definition 179

Indians began to develop a transportation network of railroads, roads, and canals to make it easier to fight the British.

Term 180

Which of the following statements is NOT true about John Calvin and his reform efforts?

Definition 180

Calvinist churches were filled with music.

Term 181

Which of the following is NOT true about the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte?

Definition 181

He was successful in uniting all of Europe in his Continental System.

Term 182

Identify the two figures that developed the five-step process known as the scientific method.

Definition 182

Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Term 183

Definition 183

Sunni Islam

Term 184

Who made improvements to the telescope?

Definition 184

Galileo Galilei

Term 185

Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus?

Definition 185

heliocentrism

Term 186

Which of the following secrets did alchemists like Paracelsus hope to discover?

Definition 186

how to change lead into gold

Term 187

Which wife of England's King Henry VIII produced a daughter named Mary, who later became known as "Bloody Mary" for her persecution of Protestants by burning them at the stake?

Definition 187

Catherine of Aragon

Term 188

What were indulgences, as practiced prior to the Reformation?

Definition 188

A religious figure pardoned one's sins and could reduce the amount of time in purgatory if money was paid to the Church.

Term 189

What Japanese art form, meaning "pictures of the floating world," was created using woodblock prints and greatly impacted Western art, particularly Impressionists in Europe and America?

Definition 189

ukiyo-e

Term 190

Which of the following is NOT a reason Europeans wanted to explore the unknown?

Definition 190

to give up their land in Europe to Chinese invaders

Term 191

Which was the first nation to break through in European exploration and exploitation, but was quickly surpassed by other European nations?

Definition 191

Portugal

Term 192

Which explorer sailed for both England and the Netherlands in search of a Northwest Passage, but instead discovered a river in North America that was named after him?

Definition 192

Henry Hudson

Term 193

Identify the nation that established colonies in Canada consisting of small groups of traders who focused on the trading of fish and fur.

Definition 193

France

Term 194

Which European nation colonized Brazil, resulting in that being one of the few South American nations to not speak Spanish?

Definition 194

Portugal

Term 195

Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico in 1519, resulting in the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas. Which country did Cortés travel to the Americas for?

Definition 195

Spain

Term 196

Which nation sent Christopher Columbus to find a route to the West Indies, resulting in his "discovery" of the Americas?

Definition 196

Spain

Term 197

Who formulated the laws of planetary motion?

Definition 197

Johannes Kepler

Term 198

Which Chinese dynasty came about in the 1400s after a peasant rebel rose up and conquered the last of the Yuan dynasty?

Definition 198

Ming

Term 199

Franz Ferdinand was in line to the throne of what nation, which first declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, one month after his assassination?

Definition 199

Austria-Hungary

Term 200

On what date was an armistice signed between Germany and the Allies, ending World War I?

Definition 200

November 11, 1918

Term 201

Which two key figures of the Reformation were from Switzerland, where Anabaptists were persecuted for their beliefs in adult baptism, the abolition of private property, and the ability to take more than one wife?

Definition 201

John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli

Term 202

Who was responsible for posting the Ninety-Five Theses on the front door of a church addressing the how practices of the Catholic Church contradicted the principles of Christianity?

Definition 202

Martin Luther

Term 203

Which Russian leader encouraged education, developed training in fields such as shipbuilding, printing, and dentistry, and attempted to modernize Russia by exposing it to Western culture?

Definition 203

Peter the Great

Term 204

Which nation did Spain go to war with during the Anglo-Spanish War, when Philip II sent a Spanish Armada to defeat them, but the severe weather inhibited their efforts and Spain lost?

Definition 204

England

Term 205

Which of the following did NOT occur after the fall of Constantinople on May 29, 1453?

Definition 205

The Ottomans refused to permit anyone in the region that was not a Muslim.

Term 206

In what country did the Long March (a treacherous journey endured by Communists who were seeking a safe place to regain strength and rise up again to take control of the government) take place?

Definition 206

China

Term 207

Why did Germany declare war on Belgium, although they were a neutral country?

Definition 207

Germany wanted to cut through Belgium to have easier access to France.

Term 208

Choose the explorer who left from Spain in 1519 with five ships and a crew of 250 with a goal of circumnavigating the world, but was killed in the Philippines during his journey.

Definition 208

Ferdinand Magellan

Term 209

Select the Japanese figure of the feudal warrior society whose role was similar to that of the knight in Medieval Europe.

Definition 209

samurai

Term 210

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Definition 210

England

Term 211

As the Europeans explored the Americas, they would encounter new plants, animals, and diseases. All of the following plants and animals would have been new to Europeans EXCEPT

Definition 211

horses.

Term 212

Select the nation that governed with a monarchy, but whose leader was limited in power due to the lawmaking body of Parliament.

Definition 212

England

Term 213

What concept was coined to describe the belief that America had a divine right to expand its frontiers westward?

Definition 213

Manifest destiny

Term 214

Definition 214

Term 215

Who invented the process of removing bacteria cells from food and liquids such as milk, cheese, and juice?

Definition 215

Louis Pasteur

Term 216

What group was systematically exterminated by the Turks during World War I, with the loss of nearly 1.5 million people?

Definition 216

Armenians

Term 217

On July 14, 1789 a mob of people stormed a prison that held political prisoners, revolting against the injustices of the governing party. In which country did this occur?

Definition 217

France

Term 218

What occurred when Napoleon realized he would not be successful in conquering North America?

Definition 218

He sold a large portion of central North America to President Jefferson for $15 million.

Term 219

Identify the Latin American country that was eventually freed from French rule after former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture encouraged rebels to rise and revolt in 1791.

Definition 219

Haiti

Term 220

Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy?

Definition 220

Andreas Vesalius

Term 221

All of the following are true about the beginnings of industrialization EXCEPT:

Definition 221

The first factories were powered by steam engines, but later converted to water mills because coal was scarce.

Term 222

MAIN is an acronym that explains why World War I started, as well as the reason for the start of other wars throughout history. What is MAIN?

Definition 222

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Term 223

During World War I, which nation had to pull out of battle because a revolution began on the home front, and they lacked the industrial power needed to match the weaponry of its enemies?

Definition 223

Russia

Term 224

Which of the following types of warfare was used during World War I but was not a new form of warfare?

Definition 224

trench warfare

Term 225

What key Indian figure encouraged nonviolent opposition to British rule and the boycott of British products, requiring Indians to spin their own thread for cloth?

Definition 225

Mohandas Gandhi

Term 226

Which leader succeeded Vladimir Lenin in 1924 as the head of the Soviet Union?

Definition 226

Joseph Stalin

Term 227

According to the chart below, which nation suffered the greatest loss of military personnel?

Definition 227

the Soviet Union

Term 228

Which nation moved into Manchuria in the 1930s, resulting in the development of Manchukuo and a pact with Germany?

Definition 228

Japan

Term 229

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

Definition 229

The United States refused to sell oil to Japan.

Term 230

Which of the following did NOT occur after Germany invaded the Soviet Union?

Definition 230

Germany conquered the Soviet Union and exiled Joseph Stalin to Siberia.

Term 231

What occurred on the nights of November 8 and 9, 1938 in Germany that was a precursor for what was to come?

Definition 231

Businesses and homes of Jews were destroyed in an organized violent attack.

Term 232

In 1931, which nation expanded its territories into Manchuria, leading to war with China and to violent deaths for more than 100,000 people in the Nanking Massacre?

Definition 232

Japan

Term 233

What scientist emigrated from Germany to the United States and became the director of the Manhattan Project?

Definition 233

Robert Oppenheimer

Term 234

Select the term used to describe the extermination of the Jews during World War II.

Definition 234

Holocaust

Term 235

Which of the following was NOT a cause of World War II?

Definition 235

An alliance was formed between Germany and the United States.

Term 236

Hitler believed that what group of people was the master race, as he made plans for territorial expansion to provide more living space for them?

Definition 236

Germans

Term 237

Adolf Hitler annexed what two German-speaking regions before invading and conquering Czechoslovakia in 1939?

Definition 237

Austria and Sudetenland

Term 238

How did the war between the United States and Japan come to an end during World War II?

Definition 238

President Truman ordered that two atomic bombs be dropped on Japan.

Term 239

Which European leader did NOT create a totalitarian system of government that controlled all aspects of society?

Definition 239

Winston Churchill in England

Term 240

Which system of government rests furthest left on the political spectrum and, as a totalitarian regime, focuses on the government owning all aspects of the economy, including property and the means of production?

Definition 240

communism

Term 241

At what point did the United States become involved in World War II?

Definition 241

after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

Term 242

The United States became fearful that communism would spread around the world and ultimately impact America. What action was taken in an attempt to prevent that from happening?

Definition 242

The Marshall Plan

Term 243

How many people, worldwide, are believed to have died during World War II?

Definition 243

60 million

Term 244

What nation did Germany conquer in September 1939 using the blitzkrieg method, which marked the beginning of World War II?

Definition 244

Poland

Term 245

According to the chart below, which of the following nations suffered the greatest loss of civilians during World War II?

Definition 245

Poland

Term 246

What is true about the key German leaders who were responsible for the Holocaust?

Definition 246

The Nuremberg Trials lasted nearly four years, and many key German leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death.

Term 247

Who immigrated to the United States during World War II and became the director of the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb?

Definition 247

Robert Oppenheimer

Term 248

After World War I, how did Japan become a dominant power, producing advanced weaponry to compete with Western nations?

Definition 248

It became an industrialized nation under strong military leaders.

Term 249

Which of the following events took place on November 9 and 10, 1938?

Definition 249

In Germany, Jewish-owned stores, homes, and places of worship were destroyed in a planned attack.

Term 250

Who became the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II?

Definition 250

Winston Churchill

Term 251

Which Soviet leader promoted the policies of glasnost and perestroika in an effort to save the Soviet economy?

Definition 251

Mikhail Gorbachev

Term 252

What event occurred in Tiananmen Square in 1989?

Definition 252

Pro-democracy protesters were killed by government troops.

Term 253

Which of the following was NOT one of the topics of discussion during the SALT talks initiated by President Richard Nixon?

Definition 253

increasing the number of anti-ballistic missiles, which were used to shoot down missiles

Term 254

During Mao Zedong's rule of China, he invoked the Cultural Revolution, which was an effort to increase the literacy rate in China and elevate the educators and intellectuals to the highest status. T/F

Definition 254

false

Term 255

What nation, once controlled by Great Britain, was partitioned into two nations based upon religion?

Definition 255

India

Term 256

Identify the nation that utilized biological and chemical weapons during war with the Iranians in the 1980s.

Definition 256

Iraq

Term 257

Why is war against terrorists difficult to fight?

Definition 257

Members of terrorist groups are scattered throughout the world, so there is no one clear target.

Term 258

Select the country in Africa that was subjected to apartheid laws once the Afrikaners, or descendents of original Dutch settlers, came to power.

Definition 258

South Africa

Term 259

What nation was established in 1948 as a homeland for the Jews?

Definition 259

Israel

Term 260

When Juan Perón came to power in Argentina, what group of people did his wife Eva work to support?

Definition 260

the poor working class

Term 261

What nation was responsible for constructing the Panama Canal from 1906 to 1914, and overseeing the waterway until 1999?

Definition 261

the United States

Term 262

What Muslim country was created when India was separated due to religious conflicts?

Definition 262

Pakistan

Term 263

What agreement was made between the United States, Mexico, and Canada in 1992 that concerned many working people?

Definition 263

a free trade agreement between all three nations, which cut tariffs on imports

Term 264

Who led Cuba to a revolution, became dictator for over 50 years, and converted the nation into a strict Communist regime?

Definition 264

Fidel Castro

Term 265

In 1962, President John F. Kennedy was faced with a decision to avoid nuclear war. What occurred to place the United States in that position?

Definition 265

The Soviets placed missiles in Cuba.

Term 266

Whose visit to Poland in the late 1970s helped helped inspire the Polish people to fight communism?

Definition 266

Pope John Paul II

Term 267

During the Russian Constitutional Crisis, which Russian president illegally dissolved the Russian Parliament and scrapped the constitution?

Definition 267

Boris Yeltsin

Term 268

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's concept of glasnost was an attempt to

Definition 268

pull the nation out of economic troubles.

Term 269

Who was the leader of the Polish movement called "Solidarity"?

Definition 269

Lech Walesa