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| A purebred that is recorded in the herd book for that breed |
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| an animal that displays the distinct characteristics of a particular breed, but one or more of the parents cannot be traced to the registry |
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| No horns in a species that usually has them. Dominant to horn allele in cattle |
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| An allele whose effect masks the phenotypic expression of the recessive allele |
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| A gene whose phenotypic expression is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. Can only express itself when the dominant allele is absent. |
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| animal with two registered parents of the same breed |
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| Able to maintain own body temperature |
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| The ability of an organism to stay the same by adjusting to its surroundings |
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| Number of Animal Species in the World |
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| Ancestor of the modern-day cattle. Roamed the forests of Europe before going extinct in 1627. |
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| Physical characteristics and performance of an animal "what you can see". Controlled by both genetics and environment |
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| Genetic makeup of an animal; cannot differ from what is provided by the parents, except in the instance of mutation. Cannot be easily measured by external examination alone. |
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| System of placing lifeforms in the order based on similar physical characteristics |
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| Attempt to rank or place animals in order of their excellence in body type. |
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| One level of the classification system. All vertebrate-having animals are in the phylum Chordata. |
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| Another level of the classification system. Most animals we will deal with are in one of three categories: Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia. Also, Gastropoda (for snails) |
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Another level of the classification system. The five specific to farm animals are:
Artiodactyla (swine, cattle, alpacas, llama, bison, goat, sheep)
Perissodactyla (horse, donkey)
Anseriformes (duck, goose)
Galliformes (chicken, turkey)
Lagomorpha (Rabbit)
Also note that humans are in the Primate Order |
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The third to last level of the classification system. The five primary families of consideration are:
Bovidae (cattle, bison, goat, sheep)
Pashianidae (chicken)
Equidae (horse, donkey)
Lepridae (rabbit)
Suidae (swine) |
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| Group of similar species, the second to last level in the classification system |
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| Final level of the classification system; includes animals of high similarity |
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| A flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. |
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| A common class level for terrestrial animals. Defines animals whose young are developed in the uterus and are born alive (minus one case), have mammary glans, hair, enlarged forebrain, metanephric kidneys, a diaphragm that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, four chambered heart, and are warm-blooded |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
"the building blocks of life" |
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| A zygote becomes an embryo through mitosis, or for the Mammalia Class, when the sperm and ovum come together |
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| Phylum including humans and all domesticated animals |
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| Order of cattle, goats, alpacas, llamas, sheep, and bison |
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| taking cells from an individual and putting them in an environment that allows them to grow into an identical individual |
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| Animal formed by the mixing of two or more cell populations or by grafting of an embryonic part of one animal to the embryo of another |
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| Taking an embryo from a superior animal and implanting it into a surrogate mother. Done by causing the superior animal to super ovulate by the use of hormone treatment. A saline solution is injected into the animal to 'flush' out the embryos, which are then collected in a cylinder and frozen. They are then implanted into surrogates and artificially fertilized with sperm from a superior male. There is a 65% success rate for this method when done fresh. It decreases to 60% when the embryos are frozen. |
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| Under a microscope using a specialized blade, cutting th embryo at its 64-cell stage into 2 (possibly even 4 parts). This produces twins in a birthing cycle that would not typically produce twins. |
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Statistics for the number of livestock in the United States:
Cattle
Chickens
Swine
Sheep
Horses
Goats
Ducks |
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Definition
US
Cattle 106.1 mill (9 dairy)
Chickens 8.49 bill (281 mill laying)
Swine 60.7 mill
Horses 5.32 mill
Goats 2.83 mill
Ducks 18.4 mill |
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| # of broilers slaughter per year in the United States |
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| Not sure, but the book has the total number of broilers in the US as 6.4 billion |
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| First people to incubate eggs? |
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Definition
| The Egyptians in 1400 BCE |
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| What has the prehistoric ancestor to the horse? |
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| A four-toed animal that roamed Western America before going extinct in Pleistocene Epoch |
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Before Columbus: 60-80 billion
At the beginning of 1900s: 2,000(s) |
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| Assigning human traits/qualities to animals and objects |
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| Best good for the most people; good outweighs the bad |
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| Belief that one species is better or more valuable than another. Coined by Peter Singer. |
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| The belief system that animals have no rights because they have no responsibilities. Humans have a responsibility to care for animals, just as we have dominion over them. The use of animals is prohibited as long as their care is accounted for. |
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| Movement that supports giving full human rights to animals. Whatever you wouldn't do to an animal, don't do to an animal. |
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| Cutting into a live animal. (Use to not denote between with or without anesthesia, but modern use generally describes a procedure with the absence of a painkiller) |
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| Cutting into an animal after its death; typically for research or educational purposes. |
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| The science of the function of a living system |
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| The study of a structure of a living thing |
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| Transplant of organs between two different species |
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| Strict vegetarianism. Believe in reincarnation and only in eating things in level 1 of the senses. This limits to vegetables and water. |
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| A very old religion practiced primarily in India. Teaches kindness to animals and promotes/encourages vegetarianism, but does not require it. |
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| The dietary requirements/limitations of the Jewish religion. The meat must be free of as much blood as possible and cannot be eaten with dairy. Also, cannot eat shellfish, hunted animals and birds of prey; all relates back to spiritual cleanliness, which is not related to physical cleanliness. |
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| Specially trained man qualified to perform the kosher slaughter of animals. |
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