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| The leading state in beef production; part of the lucrative SW region of the US |
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| Feeding young animals extra feed in an area seperate from their dams; the opening is too narrow for the dam to fit through |
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| The feeding of dry home-grown roughages during the winter months, mostly for dry pregnant cows |
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| Another term to describe hybrid vigor, the increased performance of the F1 offspring of crossbreeding. ONLY LASTS ONE GENERATION! |
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| (AUM) The common animal denominator based on amount of feed consumed in a month. One mature cow and her calf (1,000 lbs) equals 1 aum. The measurement used when grazing on federal land. |
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Aum for common Livestock
Cow and calf
Horse
5 sheep with lambs
Sow
75 chickens
35 breeders (Turkeys) |
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Definition
Cow + calf = 1
Horse = 1.3
5 sheep w/ lambs = 1
Sow = 0.4
75 chickens = 1
35 breeders (turkeys) = 1 |
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| An estimate of palatability based primarily on marbling and maturity and generally to a lesser extent on colo, texture and firmness of lean meat. |
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| A growing phase in the life of a cald from weaning to around 800 pounds when it is prepared to go on a high-energy finishing ration |
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| A young animal that carries sufficient height but insufficient finish for slaughter purposes and will make good gains if placed on feed |
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| A young animal that carries sufficient height but insufficient finish for slaughter purposes and will make good gains if placed on feed |
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| A young animal that carries sufficient height but insufficient finish for slaughter purposes and will make good gains if placed on feed |
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| Calves and yearlings that are intended for eventual finishing and slaughter but are being fed for growth rather than finishing |
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| Meat from ruminant animals with split hooves that has been slaughtered by a shochet according to ritual laws |
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| A. Feed additive that changes the metabolism within the rumen by altering the rumen microbes to favor propionic acid over acetic acid |
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| Melengestrol acetate; a synthetic progesterone given to feedlot heifers to prevent them from cycling and thus increasing feed intake and weight gain |
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| Microbial cultures or ingredients that stimulate cultures capable of modifying the GI enviornment to favor healthy tissue development |
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| An organic or inorganic compound that inhibits the growth of organisms but is not produced by a living organism. It is commonly used to improve the rate of gain and feed efficiency |
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| Brahman (original, derivative breeds can also have the hump such as the brangus, though I don't thilnk other breeds do have the hump) |
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| First breed developed in US |
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| Largest breed in the world |
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| Beef breed with the largest horns |
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| Three predominant English breeds |
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Definition
| Herefords, Shorthorn, Angus |
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| A 1,000 lb choice steer shouls produce a ____ lb carcass |
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| 3 most widely used weights in a beef animal's records |
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Definition
| Birth weight, weaning weight, and 365-day weight. |
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Definition
| An index evaluates all important traits and combines them into one figure or score |
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| Production testing encompasses ______ (individual merit) and ________ (merit of offspring) |
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Definition
| Performance testing and progeny |
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| An animal that is stunned rather than killed still has a functioning _____ |
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Definition
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| Muscle exposed by cutting between the 12th and 13th ribs |
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| What do enzymes brea down during the aging process? |
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Definition
| Collagen; tenderizes the meat |
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| The intermingled fat in muscle tissue |
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| Yield grades range from _____ to ______ |
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Definition
| 5 (lowest) to 1 (highest) |
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| The short plate comes from which quarter? |
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Definition
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| T-Bones come from the ______ |
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| How must butchers in the US stun today |
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| Cooling temp of carcasses |
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| Round steak and sirloin come from which part of the carcass? |
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| One trait is selected at a time until maximum progress has been achieved; then another trait becomes the target for improvement |
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| Most Charolais cattle in the United States were imported from ______ |
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| 2 most popular beef breeds in the US |
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| Breed used in crosses for calving ease |
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Definition
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| Device measuring the thickness of fat over the animal's back (ribeye area) |
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Definition
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| Device measuring the thickness of fat over the animal's back (ribeye area) |
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| An estimate of the percentage of product from a carcass, compared with liveweight |
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Definition
| Bloodless means of docking tails or castrating using rubber bands to cut off the circulation, causing that part of the body to wither and then slough off |
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| The %age yeild of hot carcass in relation to the weight of a choice steer is what? |
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| A naturally hornless animal |
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| Expected progeny difference and accuracy; evaluation of an animal on the basis of the performance of its offspring |
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Definition
| Expected progeny difference and accuracy; evaluation of an animal on the basis of the performance of its offspring |
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| What is the Burdizzo used for |
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Definition
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| an unexpected death, a bloated carcass with bloody discharge from body openings, and all four feet pointing up is a sign of |
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| foot-and-mouth disease is best controlled by _____ |
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Definition
| Vaccinations (note, I wrote quarantine of imported cattle) |
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| the symptoms of _____ are deformed hooves, lameness, and red and swollen skin between the toes |
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Definition
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| symptoms of _____ are labored breathing, extension of tongue, and nasal discharge after cold weather |
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Definition
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| Consumption of which products causes X disease |
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| a full, pendulous brisket means too much _____ |
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Definition
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| all weights except birth weights should be adjusted for _____ and _____ |
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| the _____ is the smallest purebred bovine in the world |
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| the left half of the carcass is always the _____ side |
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Definition
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| Freeze branding uses what typically? What else? |
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Definition
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| local anesthesia should be administered to all calves castrated over _____ mos of age |
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Definition
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| the most common method of branding cattle in the US is _____ |
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Definition
| Animal Medicinal Drug Usage Clarification Act |
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| Feed required to produce 300 pounds of gain on light, thin calves is about how much? (lbs of feed) |
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Definition
| 2400 (for 7 lbs feed / 1 lb of gain) |
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| How is blackleg prevented? |
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Definition
| with vaccinations at 3-4 months |
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| What disease is often contracted from swampy poorly drained areas, carried by snails |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Deformed hooves
Lameness
Red and swollen skin between toes |
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| Bacterium that causes Johne's Disease |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium paratuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
Labored breathing
extension of tongue
nasal discharge after cold weather |
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| _____ a complex disease that occurs after stressful conditions |
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Definition
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| Ten million of which breed were driven to railheads during the 1800s? |
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| Single most valuable by-product of beef cattle |
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Definition
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| Most popular breed of beef cattle in the US |
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Definition
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| Chemical castration should only be used on bulls that weigh less than how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ corner posts are made with large flat heavy rocks surrounded by woven wire |
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Definition
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| Method of administering local anesthesia when dehorning calves |
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Definition
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| What 2 methods are the most common for controlling external parasites in beef cattle |
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Definition
| Vaccinations and drenching |
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