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| 3 worlds were brought together in the discovery of the new world |
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| europe, africa, and america |
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-1st human beings to set foot in america
-hunted mammoths and mastadons
-nomadic people
-stopped carrying diseases therefore later they were susceptible to english disease |
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| european conquerors introduced indians to fatal disease; the indians introduced the invaders to marvelous plants such as corn and potatoes that altered european history. |
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| when the monarch rewarded the leader of a conquistador conquest with indian villages. |
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people living within an encomienda system
-had a labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance |
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| Spanish marries an indian |
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| spanish born people in the new world |
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| indian born people in the new world |
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-kept the idea of the colonies alive
-said america had an incalculable value, and they would later have to purchase it from holland, france, or spain.
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-business organization in which scores of people could invest in without fear of bankruptcy.
-A merchant or landowner could purchase a share for a price, and at the end of the period recover the initial investment plus a portion of the profits. |
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-Dec. 1606 Susan COnstant, Godspeed, and Discovery sailed to America
-Biggest failure of a town
-disease ridden death trap due to low lying ground
-water contaminated with salt
-terrible labor force, sat around while others worked |
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-(Sandys)
-a 50 acre lot for which they paid only a small annual rent on.
-available to anyone who paid their way to America |
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-believed that the throne retained too many traces of its Catholic origin.
-Scooby Manor
-moved to Holland in 1608-1609
-went to america in 1617
-rode mayflower to america |
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wrote "Of Plymouth Plantation"
-very literate separatist from Scooby Manor |
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| -a covenant among the separatists when they accidentally hit the new world to "covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic" |
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-neurotic individuals who condemned liquor and sex, dressed in drab clothes, and minded their neighbors business.
-founded several colonies
-sparked english civil war
-products of protestant reformation
-god predestined "elect" to be saved and the rest to eternal damnation
-John Winthrop was a Puritan |
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| collection of congregational ministers |
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-1662
-allowed grandchildren of persons in full communion to be baptized even though their parents couldnt demonstrate conversion |
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published the "New England Primer"
--this taught children the alphabet and the Lords Prayer |
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-"The Day of Doom" (1662)
-described judgement day for sinners very explicitly
-best seller in 17th century |
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| Women in Puritan New England |
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-worked on the family farm
-cooking, washing clothes, dairying, gardening
-production of food was absolutely essential to survival of a household
-women had no power of property
-no power in society
-joined churches in greater numbers than men |
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| "feminization of Colonial Religion" |
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| the 2:1 ratio of women to men enrolled in churchs |
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| servants who worked for a given amount of time before they became free men. |
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| unhappy and impoverished freeman |
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| "emergence of creole majority" |
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| the rise of leadership given to american born people |
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-No ship could trade in the colonies unless it had been constructed in either england or america, and carried a crew of at least 75% english
-certain enumerated goods of great value that were not produced in england (tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, dyewoods, ginger) could be transported from the colonies only to an english or another colonial port |
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| -established a sum of money equal to normal english customs duties to be collected on enumerated goods at the various colonial ports |
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-refused a license for fur trade
-tried to become military commander and attack indians after they revolted and killed a few colonists
-burned jamestown to the ground and chased the govenor out
-oct. 1676 died and his followers dispersed |
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| -body of new, often radical, ideas swept through the salons and universities, altering the way educated europeans thought about god, nature, and society. |
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-1706-1790
-founded New England Courant with his brother
--weekly newspaper that satirized Boston's political and religious leaders
-"Silence Dogood": asked many controversial questions and eventually got ran out of Massachusetts
-Invented lightning rod in 1756
-Promoted the spread of reason
-Formed "junto": club for mutual improvement
-Library Company: allowed people to pursue 'useful knowledge' |
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| Jonathon Edwards and religion |
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| WE can do nothing about eternity, were are all predestined somewhere and that is it... |
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-wrote "On the danger of Unconverted ministry"
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-founder of African Methodist Episcopal Church
-said slavery was sin |
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| Seven Years War (French Indian War) |
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| -war between britian and france |
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-British 7 years war general
-ended military stalemate
-critical confrontation would occur in N. America
-Took Canada and won war |
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Feb. 10, 1763
-Britian took almost all of Frances land and gained Canada, Florida, and land East of the Mississippi |
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| english ruling class viewed parliment from a historical perspective that colonists never shared. Insisted parliment was dominant in the constitution ,and right of a monarch. |
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| even though colonists didnt have a vote, they were represented through parliment "virtually" |
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| prohibited governors from granting land beyond the headwaters of rivers flowing into the atlantic |
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| Sugar Act of 1764 (Revenue Act) |
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| placed a new burden on Navigation Acts. Parliment expected colonies to generate revenue. |
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| required colonists to purchase stamps to validate legal documents |
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| allowed company to sell directly to colonists, cutting out intermediaries, and eliminating duties paid in england. |
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| Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) |
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-closed the port of boston until the city fully compensated the east india company
-restructured the massachusetts government by transforming the upper house from an elective to an appointed body and restricted the number of town meetings to one a year
-royal governor could transfer british officials arrested for offenses in duty to england
-authorized army to quarter troops wherever necessary |
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| British officially declares war on American commerce |
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-wrote "common sense"
-systematically stripped kingship of historical and theological jurisdiction
-"begin the world over again" |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| strongest document in American history |
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| -represented more than a particular form of government, but was a way of life, a core ideaology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty and equality |
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| "society of the cincinatti" |
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-washington formed this
-a hereditary organization in which membership passed from father to eldest son |
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did more than any other white to remind colonists of the evil of slavery
-"liberty is the natural right of all men" |
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| Marylands african american mathematician and astronomer |
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"african muse"
-wheatley and bennecker made it hard for americans to think that blacks couldnt hold their own in society |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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-Nov. 1777
-provided single legislative body of representatives selected by the state
-each state had one vote in congress, and could send as many as 7 delegates, or as few as 2
-no independent executive and no veto over legislative decision
-denied congress taxation powers
-government only received funds by asking the states for contributions through requisitions
-amendments required assent of all 13 states
-did not award congress ownership of land west of appalachians |
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-established an orderly process for laying out new townships and marketing public lands
-Township: East to West, 6 square miles
-36 sections: 640 acres, 1 square mile
-auction at $1 an acre
-section 16 for education
-4 sections for federal government use |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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-authorized the creation of between 3 to 5 territories, each to be ruled by a governor, a secretary, and 3 judges appointed by congress
-when population hit 5000, voters could elect and assembly
-when population hit 60,000 they could write a constitution and petition statehood
-guaranteed right to trial by jury, freedom of religion, and due process of law |
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stood for a confederation of states rather than a creation of supreme nation authority
-envisioned creation of strong national government capable of fielding an army |
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