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| slender tower of a mosque from which Muslims are called to pray |
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| intricate design made up of curved lines that suggest floral shapes used to determine rugs, textiles and glassware |
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| highest church official in a major city |
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| landowning noble in Russia under the czars |
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| title of the ruler of the Russian Empire |
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| system of law that is the same for all people based on court decisions that have become accepted legal principles |
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| wandering poet in Europe in the Middle Ages |
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| a lord who was granted lands in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord |
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| peasant bound to the lords land |
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| a record document that set out the rights and priveledges of a town |
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| knotted strings used by Incan officials for record keeping |
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| large underground chamger used by the Anasazi for religious ceremonies |
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| practice of lending money with interest |
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| payment to a church equal to 1/10th of a persons income |
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| successor to Muhammed as political and religious leader of the Muslims |
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| code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages |
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| in the Middle Ages, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty |
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| during the Middle Ages in Europe a lords estate which included one or more villages and surrounding lands |
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| member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society |
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| supreme military commander who held more power than the emperor |
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| mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to show off their fighting skills |
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| loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord |
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| exclusion from the Roman Catholic church as a penalty for refusing to obey church laws |
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| peasant bound to the lords land |
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| noble in Europe who served as a mounted warrior for a lord in the middle ages |
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| ceremonial gift giving by wealthy native Americans off the Northwest Coast |
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| payment that conquered peoples were forced to make to their conquerors |
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| woman who exercise all the rights of a pharoah 1503 BC-1482 BC. She encouraged trade with eastern Mediterranean lands and along the Red Sea coast of Africa |
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| kind of Babylon; had the Hanging Gardens buil to please his wife who was homesick for the hills where she had grown up. He destroyed the great temple and forced many Israelites into exile in Babylon - know as Babylon Captivity |
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| most powerful pharoah of the New Kingdom; after his rule, Egyptian power slowly declined |
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| king of Israel; King David's son turned Jerusalem into an impressive capital with a splendid temple dedicated to God |
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| King of Israel, united the feuding Israelite tribes into single nation |
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| led the Israelites in their escape or exodus from Egypt |
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| most honored Maurya emperor; Chandragupta's grandson; horrified at the slaughter over 100,000 dead he converted to Buddhism. Rejected violence and resolved to rule by moral example |
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| Founded Buddhism "the enlightened one" sat under a tree and meditated for 48 days; spent the rest of his life teaching others what he had learned "Buddha" |
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| philosopher that said "the nature of man is evil. HIs goodness is acquired". Insisted that the only way to achieve order was to pass strict laws and impose harsh punishments. |
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| describing a family headed by a father |
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| rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven |
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| fancy or stylized handwriting |
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| according to the Aryan (sp?) belief, the single spiritual power that resides in all things |
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| seasonal wind; in India the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain |
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| fine, windblown yellow soil |
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| in traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born |
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| form of picture writing developed by the anncient egyptians |
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| wedge shaped writing of the ancient Sumerians |
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| title of the ruler of Ancient Europe |
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| pyramid temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of an ancient Sumerian city-state |
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| governor of a province in the Persian Empire |
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| person who moves from place to place in search of food |
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| spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one peope to another |
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| political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands |
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| study of past people and cultures |
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| nomadic people learned to farm, settled down and changed to 'settled' versus nomadic farming "Neolithic Age" |
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| earliest period of human history "Paleolithic Age". 2million BC to 10,000 BC |
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| official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies |
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| high ranking catholic church official with authority over a local area or diocese |
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| religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of the church |
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| in ancient rome, bridgelike stone structure that carried water from the hills to the cities |
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| member of the lower class in ancient rome included farmers, merchants, artisans and traders |
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| member of the landholding upper class in ancient rome |
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| soldier serving in a foreign army for pay |
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| person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs |
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| official in ancient rome who was elected by the plebians to protect their interests |
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| system of government in which officials are chosen by the people |
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| government in which ruling powers belong to a few people |
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| government where the King or queen exercises central power |
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| government headed by a priveledged minority or upper class |
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| in Hinduism, belief in the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form |
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| fought to end divided Zhou China...spent 20 years conquering the warring states |
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| Hanfeizis teachings, strength was a rulers greatest virtue, strict laws, harsh punishment |
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| wanted to live in harmony with nature. Rejected conflict, fighting |
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| honors monks and nuns who give up the benefits of family life for a life of solitary meditation |
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| built to keep invaders out of China. Demonstrated the emperors ability to mobilize the vast resources of China |
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| blind poet who wrote stories such as the Iliad and the Odyssey |
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| wise and skillful leader 460 BC - 429 BC |
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| Athenian stonemason and philosopher, use the Socratic method p 115 |
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| Platos famous student, developed his own ideas about government |
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| wise and trusted leader, apointed archon (SP?) |
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| derived Pythagorean Theorum a sq + b sq = c sq |
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| Athenian playwright who wrote tragedies |
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