Term
| Five names of well known Native Americans who had impt roles in U.S. History |
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Definition
1. Squanto
2. Pocahontas
3. Sacagawea
4. Crazy Horse
5. Chief Joseph |
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Term
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Definition
| helped early English settlers survive, taught them native methods of planting corn, squash, and pumpkins |
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Term
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Definition
| Algonquian, liaison with John Smith in Jamestown 1607 |
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Term
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Definition
| was a guide to Lewis and Clark expedition in 1805 |
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Term
| Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull |
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Definition
| led Sioux and Cheyenne troops in the Battle of Little Big Horn, defeating Custer |
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Term
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Definition
| supported peaceful interaction with white settlers, attempted to relocate his tribe to Canada rather than move them to a reservation |
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Term
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Definition
1. Algonquian
2. Iroquois
3. Plains:
-Sioux, Cheyenne, Comanche, Blackfoot
4. Pueblo:
-Zuni, Hope, Acoma
5. Aluets and Inuit
6. Tlingit, Chinnok, and Salish |
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Term
| Age of Exploration/Age of Discovery |
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Definition
early 15th to 17th century
advances in navigation, shipbuilding, and mapmaking |
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Term
| Effect of the Age of Exploration |
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Definition
| advances led to expanded European exploration of the rest of the world. Efforts led to the discovery, new lands, and colonization |
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Term
| Advances in navigation and seafaring tools |
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Definition
compass and astroblade
magnetic compass: Chinese
1400s ship for long journeys: Portuguese |
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Term
| What was the major goal the Portuguese accomplished in 1498? |
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Definition
| Discovered a sea route from Europe to Asia |
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Term
| Voyage of Christopher Columbus |
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Definition
1492: CC got funding from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to find a western trading route to Asia.
-credited with discovering America, actually landed in the West Indies |
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Term
| What were the three ships of Christopher Columbus? |
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Definition
| Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria |
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Term
| French goal of colonization |
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Definition
| fur trade, growth of plantations in LA, which brought slaves to the new world |
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Term
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Definition
| wealth, converting the natives, desire for gold mining, or large ranches |
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Term
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Definition
| fur trade, and slaves as the need for laborers increased |
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Term
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Definition
| additional income, fleeing religious persecution |
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Term
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Definition
1. New Hampshire
2. Connecticut
3. Rhode Island
4. Massachusetts |
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Term
| New England colonies characteristics (6) |
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Definition
Influence of Puritan beliefs
many harbors
dense forests
soil not suited for agriculture
Economy: trade, fishing, shipbuilding
Small farms and merchants controlled trade |
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Term
| Middle Atlantic Colonies (4) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. VA
2. NC
3. SC
4. GA
5. Maryland |
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Term
| Characteristics of Middle Colonies (5) |
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Definition
immigrants from Netherlands, Holland, and Sweden
Major producers of rye, oats, potatoes, wheat, and barley
some owned large farms
Farmers had surplus to sell
Tenant farmers rented land from larger farmers |
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Term
| Characteristics of Southern Colonies (4) |
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Definition
warm climate and rich soil
labor intensive plantations
tobacco, indigo, and rice: cash crops
indentured servants and African slaves |
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Term
| What year did African slaves arrive in Virginia? |
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Definition
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Term
| British and French Wars bt 1689 and 1748 |
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Definition
1. King Williams War
2. The War of Spanish Succession
3. War of Austrian Succession |
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Term
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Definition
Or the Seven Years War, resulted in the end of France's reign as a colonial power in North America
Strong leadership of William Pitt led to British victory
costs of the war lead to discontent and the Am. Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
1651
Britain wanted to dominate international trade and banned foreign ships from transporting goods to the British colonies.
ADVS: Colonists in NA could provide ships for Britain's trade interests and 1/3 of British merchant ships were built in the colonies |
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Term
| Why were their high taxes for the British colonists after the F and I war? |
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Definition
Britain:
1. needed to pay off war debt
2. needed funds for defending expanding empire
3. funds to govern Britain's colonies
4. British felt it was fair for the colonists to pay higher taxes because they had spent a lot of money to defend the colonies |
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Term
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Definition
1. colonies trade rum for gold and slaves in Africa
2. Africa to West: traded slaves for sugar, molasses, and money
3. ships returned to colonies with more rum and gold.
-violated the Molasses Act of 1733: required colonists to pay high duties to Britain on molasses |
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Term
| Effect of New laws on British-Colonial relations |
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Definition
New laws after 1763 required colonists to pay money back to Britain
Colonists had a different view of the structure and role of the government |
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Term
| What led to colonists' resenting control from Great Britain? (4 reasons) |
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Definition
1.More and more colonies had been born on American soil
2.new ideas of government: separate entity from Britain
3.Am colonies left to form local government bodies, which gave them more freedom than other colonies
4.A sense of independence which led to them to resent control from Great Britain |
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Term
| Difference Bt colonial govt and British govt |
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Definition
America: as new towns and districts developed, colonists practiced representative government with elected representatives chosen by male property owners
Britain: Parliament represented the entire country Parliament was not elcted to represent districts. So, Britain did not understand the colonists saying they had no representation in Parliament |
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Term
| 4 Acts of British Parliament after F and I War |
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Definition
1. Quartering Act (1765)
2. The Sugar Act (1764)
3. The Stamp Act (1765)
-Declaratory Act
4. The Townshend Acts (1767) |
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Term
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Definition
March 5 1770
protesters ag the Townshend Acts harassed British officers with snowballs. The officers fired and five people died. Eight people were injured. |
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Term
| Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party |
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Definition
| Tea Act passed in 1773. Allowed East India company to sell tea for much lower prices and could bypass American distributors. December 1773, merchants dumped 342 chests of Tea into Boston Harbor |
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Term
Coercive Acts (1774)
-4 components |
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Definition
to punish Massachusetts
1. shut down ports in Boston until the city paid back the value of the tea
2. Required that local govt officials be appointed by the governor rather than be elected by the people
3. Allowed trials of British soldiers to be transferred to Britain
4. Required locals to provide lodging for soldiers |
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Term
| First Continental Congress |
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Definition
Delegates from 12 colonies met on September 5, 1774
Affirmed loyalty to Britain and the power of Parliament to dictate foreign affairs in the colonies.
-Demanded the Intolerable Acts be repealed and instituted a trade embargo with Britain until this happened |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
| May 10, 1775 met to discuss the defense of the American colonies and how to conduct the growing war and local govt. George Washington was named commander in chief. No going back from full scale war with the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. |
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Term
| Battle of Lexington and Concord |
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Definition
George III declared colonies must submit or face military action.
April 19, 1775: military ordered to disperse Massachusetts Assembly. The battles were the first battles of the Revolution |
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Term
| Battles of the Revolutionary War (5) |
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Definition
1. Battle of Lexington and Concord
2. Battle of Bunker Hill
3. Victories at Trenton and Princeton
4. Battle of Saratoga
5. Battle of Yorktown (10/1781) |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
written by Thomas Jefferson, listed the rights George III had violated of them with his tyranny
ideas: life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
-from Locke on natural rights
-govt should protect the rights of the people and the individ rights were more important than their obligations to the state. |
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Term
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Definition
| signed on Sept 3, 1783, brought an end to the war. Britain recognized the US as independent nation. Restored Florida to Spain and France reclaimed African and Caribbean colonies. |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| first attempt of the new American govt to establish the basics of government. Gave power to congress body of delegates from all states. Individual states had final authority |
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Term
| Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (6) |
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Definition
weak alliance among states
ineffective in settling disputes and enforcing laws
could not print money
could not declare war
MOST important, Congress could not impose taxes on the states |
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Term
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Definition
| simple revision to articles would not provided a workable government. Delegates set out a draft that would become the constitution |
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Term
| Structure of Proposed government (1787) |
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Definition
Delegates agreed that the new nation needed a strong central govt and that power should be limited
Final power rested with the citizens who voted officials into office on who would give the best representation |
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Term
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Definition
| Edmond Randolph said that representation should be based on population |
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Term
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Definition
| William Patterson from New Jersey said that each states could have equal representation |
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Term
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Definition
| Roger Sherman said that the government should be bicameral. Senate: equal representation: 2 per state. House of Representatives: based on population. Both houses could draft bills, but financial matters must originate in the House of Representatives |
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Term
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Definition
disagreement between n and s states on how slaves should be counted in a state's quota of representatives
delegates wanted slaves to be counted to determine the number of representatives
The Northern states wanted exactly the opposite arrangement
Decision: 3/5 of slave pop counted for both tax purposes and to determine representation |
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Term
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Definition
from north and south disagreement where the north states wanted to give the govt the ability to regulate exports and trade. South opposed it.
Compromise: Congress received regulatory power over all trade. Import taxes on slaves were limited and after the year 1808, Congress could decide whether to allow continued imports of slaves. |
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Term
| Objections against the Constitution |
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Definition
Once the Constitution was drafted, it was presented for approval by the states. 19 states needed to approve the document for it to become official. Concerns:
1. lack of bill of rights
2. felt too much power of central govt
3. voters wanted more control over their elected representatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| for constitution and strong central government |
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Term
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Definition
| against constitution without a Bill of Rights, and wanted to prevent tyranny developing if central govt had too much power |
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Term
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Definition
| written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton on convincing states to ratify the constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry wrote them to argue against the Constitution |
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Term
| Individuals in the first new government of the United States |
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Definition
1. George Washington: pres in 1789
2. John Adams: vice-pres
3. Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State
4. Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury |
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