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Practical Review 1
Review for Anatomy and Physiology Lab Practical 1
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/26/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Central Nervous System
Definition

Bran and spinal cord

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Ependymal

Microglia

Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition

Cranial and Spinal nerves

Satellite and schwann cells

Term
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Definition

Sympathetic

  • Activates body during fight or flight
  • Increases HR and decreases excretory functions

Parasympathetic

  • "house keeping functions"
  • Decreases HR and increases excretory functions
Term
Structures and Functions of Neurons
Definition

Cell body - synthesis of neurotransmitters

Axon Hillock - threshhold gate

Dentrites - increases surface area for axons to attach, where we receive a stimulus

Axon - how we send signals, myelinated

Myelin sheath - protects and insulates axons, makes transmission faster

Term
Structures and Functional Regions of the Brain
Definition

Fissure - deep groove

Sulcus - shallow groove

Gyrus - ridges

Frontal lobe - front of brain, motor cortex, problem solving

Parietal lobe - back of brain, somatosensory cortex

Temporal lobe - side of brain, hearing, taste

Occipital lobe - back of brain, vision

Term
Structures and Functional Regions of the Brain cont.
Definition

Auditory Cortex - temporal lobe, process sound

Motor cortex - frontal lobe, voluntary muscle control

Sensory cortex - parietal lobe, interpret senses

Olfactory cortex - temporal lobe, smell

Visual cortex - occipital lobe, sight

Broca's area - frontal lobe, word articulation

Term
Number and name of cranial nerves I-VI
Definition

I. Olfactory - smell

II. Optic - sight

III. Occulomotor - eye movement

IV. Trochlear - eye movement

V. Trigeminal - sensation from face, mastication

VI. Abducens - eye movement

Term
number and name of cranial nerves VII-XII
Definition

VII. Facial - facial expression, taste, saliva

VIII. Vestibulochlear - balance, sound, equilibrium

IX. Glossopharygeal - taste, sense from tonsils

X. Vagus - voice, taste from epiglottis

XI. Accessory - controls traps and sternocleiomastoid

XII. Hypoglosseal - tongue movement, speech articulation

Term
Mneumonic For Cranial Nerves
Definition
Oh Oh Oh, To Touch And Feel A Guy's Vein And Hotdog
Term
Cerebellum
Definition

unconscious coordination of muscles

equilibrium

 

Term
Spinal Cord
Definition

Pathway for efferent and afferent neurons

Integration center

Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition

HR

Respiratory Rate

BP

Vomiting

Swallowing

Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition

connects right and left hemispheres of brain

largest white matter structure in brain

Term
Pineal Body
Definition

Endocrine gland

Secretes melatonin

regulates sleep/wake cycles

Term
Diencephalon
Definition

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus 

Term

Terms:

Gyrus

Sulcus

Fissure

Definition

Gyrus - ridge

Sulcus - shallow groove

Fissure - deep sulcus

Term
Location of motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory, and olfactory cortex's
Definition

Motor - before central sulcus (frontal)

Somatosensory - after central sulcus (parietal)

Visual - occipital lobe

Auditory - temporal lobe

Olfactory - frontal lobe

Term
Elements of a reflex arc
Definition
  1. Receptor - receives impulse
  2. Sensory neuron - relays info to integration center
  3. Integration - interprets stimulus
  4. Motor neuron - relays info from integration to motor neuron
  5. Effector - changes in response to stimulus
Term
Mono vs. Polysynaptic Reflexes
Definition

Mono - two neurons, much faster, integration in synapse

 

Poly - multiple neurons, interneurons, takes longer, integration in CNS

Term
Golgi Tendon Organ vs. Muscle Spindle
Definition

Golgi Tendon Organ

Nerves in tendon linking muscle to tendon

 

Muscle Spindle

Nerves coiled around slender muscle fibers

Term
Hypo vs. Hyper-reflexia
Definition

Hypo - lower neuron defecit

 

Hyper - upper neuron lesions

Term
4 Chambers of the heart
Definition

Rt Atria - deoxygenized blood from body arrives via superior and inferior vena cave

Rt ventricle - deoxygenized blood pumped into lungs via pulmonary artery 

Lt. atria - oxygenized blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

Lt. ventricle - oxygenized blood pumped to body via aorta

Term
Pulmonary Circuit
Definition

Deoxygenized blood from body arrives in rt atria

Travels through tricuspid atrioventricular valve

Arrives in rt ventricle and is pumped through pulmonary semilunar valve to go to lungs

Term
Systemic Circuit
Definition

Oxygenized blood from pulmonary vein arrives in lt atria

Travels through bicuspid atrioventricular valve and ends up in lt ventricle

Blood is then pumped to body via aorta

Term

Heart Terms:

Chordae Tendineae

Papillary Muscle

Interventricular Septum

Myocardium

Definition

Chordae Tendineae - anchor cusps to ventricular wall

Papillary Muscle - attached to chordae tendineae and when tight, close cusps

Interventricular Septum - longitudinally divides heart

Myocardium - walls of heart, cardiac muscle

Term
Electrical Conduction through Heart
Definition

SA node generates impulse, atrial depolarization begins

Impulse halted at AV node

Impulse reaches heart apex, ventricular depolarization begins

Ventricular depolarization complete

Term
ECG
Definition

Record of heart voltage vs. time

only records electrical events in majority of heart muscle

 

Term
ECG Paper
Definition

Big Box - .2 sec

Small Box - .04 sec

Term
1500 Rule
Definition

1500 

__________

#small squares between R waves

Term
300 Method
Definition

300

______________

# big squares between R waves

Term
P-->R interval
Definition

.16-.18 seconds

Lapse in time between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

P deflection to start of Q deflection

Term
QRS Complex
Definition

.08 second

Start of Q deflection to S return to isoteric line

completion of ventricular depolarization

Term
Why does PR interval decrease during exercise?
Definition
To allow the heart beat to speed up letting blood travel to tissues faster
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