Term
| IN which species are skin diseases very common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of skin diseases are most common in large animal species? |
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Definition
| -parasitic and fungal infections |
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Term
| What are the basic steps of a dermatological diagnosis? |
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Definition
-Is it pruritic? Rate it, age of onset, seasonal
-Skin lesions?
-Distribution pattern?
-Contagious?
-Other body systems affected?
-Response to treatment?
-Ddx
-Dx plan |
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Term
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Definition
| -a sensation that provokes the desire to scratch or an uneasy sensation within the skin |
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Term
| From where, anatomically can pruritus be elicited? |
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Definition
| -epidermis or conjunctiva |
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Term
| Why does scratching relieve pruritus temporarily? |
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Definition
| -puts a competing neuro signal into the nervous system? |
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Term
| Why is it important if the patient has chronic dermatitic skin? |
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Definition
| -drastically lowers the threshold of itching |
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Term
| Which enzymes are responsible for causing itching primarily? Which cytokine? Any other players? |
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Definition
-Proteases )irritate the nerve endings)
-IL-3
-IL-4/5/10/13, Leuotrienes too with Histamine and peptides being minor players |
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Term
| Which drug targets IL-31? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major potentiating factors of pruritus? |
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Definition
-Boredom: lick granuloma, hot spots
-Chronic dermatitis: burning sensation, conversion itch, dec threshold
-scratching: temporary relief, releases inflammatory mediators, potentiates cycle |
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Term
| What are the most common pruritic skin diseases? |
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Definition
-Allergic dermatoses: atopy, flea allergy dermatitis, adverse reaction to food
-Parasitic skin diseases: sarcoptic Mange
-some bacterial skin infections (pyoderma) |
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Term
| What are the general therapeutic options to reduce inflammation? |
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Definition
| -Corticosteroids > topical treatments > FA therapy/ antihistamines |
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Term
| When can antihistamines be useful to reduce inflammation? |
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Definition
| -when used in combination with corticosteroid |
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Term
| What are the general therapeutic options to decrease immune response? |
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Definition
| -Corticosteroids, Cyclosporine (takes 4-6w), Oclacitinib (works within 12-24 hr) |
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Term
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Definition
| -loss of hair not related to normal shedding |
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Term
| What are the classifications of alopecia? |
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Definition
-A: Atrophic (endocrine)
-D: Dysplastic (congeital - hereditary)
-I: Inflammatory
-P: Psychogenic |
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Term
| What are the major characteristics of endocrine skin disease? |
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Definition
-Non-pruritic
-bilateral and symmetrical
-associated systemic signs
-=/- hyperpigmentation changes in skin thickness
- |
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Term
| True or FAlse: Primary differential for black skin is endocrine disease. |
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Definition
| -FAlse, it is chronic inflammation |
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Term
| What are the three follicular stages of normal hair growth? |
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Definition
-Anagen: active growth
-Catagen: transitional stage
-Telogen: resting stage |
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Term
| Shedding in dogs and cas is continual with peak periods in spring. It is controlled by ______ and environmental temp. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is congenital hypotrichosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is congenital hypotrichosis primary or secondary alopecia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Primary alopecia |
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Definition
| -congenital or hereditary abnormalities of follicle development or function |
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Term
| Definition: Secondary alopecia |
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Definition
-ost common form of alopecia and includes the endocrinopathies, inflammatory diseases, and psychogenic causes
-ex: hyperadrenocorticism, psychogenic alopecia |
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Term
| How do endocrinopathies cause alopecia? |
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Definition
-promote telogen by arressting anagen
-atrophy of hair follicules and sebaceous glands, atrophy of epidermis, +/- hyperpigmentation |
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Term
| What is a common form of endocrinopathies? |
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Definition
| -follicular hyperkeratosis |
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Term
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Definition
| -disorder of keratinizitation that results in scaling |
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Term
| HOw do we diagose color dilution alopecia? |
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Definition
| -trichogram )pluck hair and look at it) |
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Term
| How will color dilutin alopecia appear on trichogram? |
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Definition
| -al the melanin is clumped up as opposed to neatly stacked coins |
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