Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Poultry
Sydney Uni 1st year
64
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
06/14/2010

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Things to look for in an egg:

(8)

Definition

-albumen thickness

-good size yolk

-size/condition of air cell

-clean shell

-sound cell (no cracks, good texture)

-color

-shape

 

Term
Describe primary/covert feathers when sexing chicks
Definition

females:

primary feathers are longer than covert feathers

 

males:

primary feathers are the same length (or shorter) than the covert feathers

Term
ideal temperature for incubation:
Definition

37.6

 

 

Term
What is the optimum temperature for housing?
Definition
21 C
Term

Why is ventilation important?

 

Definition

replaces stale air with fresh air

removes moisture, CO2, and excess heat in summer

 

 

Term
what are the 3 contributing factors to fast growth?
Definition

genetics (~60%)

health

nutrition (~25%)

Term
pullet
Definition
female bird from hactching until end of first year of lay
Term
cockerel/rooster
Definition
male bird until 18 months of age
Term
chicken
Definition
from hacthing to about 4 months of age
Term
hen
Definition
female bird over 18 months old
Term
cock
Definition
male bird after 18 months of age
Term

layers produce ___________ eggs/year

 

they get a "break" every _________

Definition

310-320 eggs/year

 

every 8-9 days

Term
class
Definition
based on geographical classes
Term
strain
Definition
at least 5 generations of closed flock breeding
Term
What is today's predominant white egg-laying hen?
Definition

White Leg-horn

 

[image]

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Term
What is a popular breed for brown egg-laying?
Definition
Rhode Island Reds
Term

Today's most prolific brown egg-laying hens strains produced by breeding companies?

(4)

Definition

HHIL

 

Hisex Brown

Hi-Line

Isabrown

Lowman

Term

Ideal features of laying hens:

(7)

Definition

BREEFFS

 

Brooding

Resistance to disease

Egg production

Egg quality

Feathers

FCR

Survivability

Term

For reproduction, what are the desirable attributes for the sire line of a broiler? (6)

ZZ or ZW?

Definition

male ZZ

 

high fertility

high growth rate

high FCR

high meat production

conformity (good shape)

Big breast

 

Term

What are the reproduction attributes in a dam line or a broiler?

(5)

ZZ or ZW?

Definition

ZW

 

Hatchability

high egg laying productivity

high FCR

high fertility

Term

which gene is dominant?

slow or fast feathering?

Definition
gene for slow feathering (F) is dominant over fast feathering (f)
Term
what is the distribution for housing of hens in the egg industry in australia?
Definition

78% caged

15-17% free range

5% are barn or deep litter

Term
what is a major health issue for hens and why do they develop it?
Definition
osteoporosis due to the calcium demand for shells.
Term

What is the order of the reproductive in a hen?

and decribe how long a egg is there and what happens in that region

Definition

(i like richards mnemonic, oi mi! you vee see vee)

 

Ovary

Infundibulum- 15 min catches ovum

magnum-         3 hours produces egg white (albumen)

isthmus-       1.5 hours produces shell membrane

uterus-      18-20 hours adds water and hard shell

vagina-              secs   expels egg

Term
ovulation is controlled by _________________
Definition

LH surge

 

(LH- luteinizing hormone produced by hypophysis)

Term

describe open period

 

what influences it?

Definition

ovulation that occurs in a restricted part of the day

 

lasts about 8-10 hours and resets after 8-10 days and needs a day to reset

 

feed, light and genetics influence the time and duration of open period

Term

when does peak egg production occur?

(how many weeks old?)

Definition
30-32 weeks of age
Term
poultry are mated every _____ days and and their sperm is viable for ______ days
Definition

every 6 days

 

sperm is viable for 10 days

Term
Where are 4 stages of pullet rearing?
Definition

breeder farm

hatchery

pullet grower farm

layer farm

Term
what is the incubation period?
Definition
21 days
Term
What is candling?
Definition
shine light through egg to determine whether fertilized or not. Infertile eggs are clear whilst fertile ones are not. Fertile contain blood vessels
Term
What happens at the hatchery for how long?
Definition

from egg to 1-2 days old?

-incubation

-candling

-sexing

-beak trimming

-vaccination

-transport

 

 

Term

what happens at the pullet grower farm?

(how long are pullets there?)

Definition

(week 1-18)

Brooding

pullet starter feed

beak trimming

vaccination

Term

What happens to the pullet/hen at the layer farm?

what food are they on?

what age do they lay their first egg?

Definition

further vaccinations

pullet grower feed

control development-growth

 

lay egg between 18-20weeks of age

Term

When does a hen lay her first egg?

when is the end of the first laying period?

What happens after this period?

 

What is the second laying period?

Definition

She lays her first egg between 18-20 months

 

1st laying period is 12-15 months

some are culled, if not, they have a forced moult for a period of 4-6 weeks

 

second laying period is another 4-6 months

 

in the end, they are culled and cold as spent hens

Term
what is the incubation period for geese?
Definition
Term
what is the incubation period for turkeys and ducks?
Definition
28 days
Term
when do eggs go to the hatching trays?
Definition
18-21 days
Term

what are the ideal conditions for incubation?

temp

humidity

ventilation

Definition

37.6C

50% hum

21% oxygen

Term

what are the ideal conditions for hatching trays?

temp

humidity

Definition

temp 37C

humidity 60-70%

Term
describe the commerical incubation protocol
Definition
Day Task Notes
-7 to -1 Egg collection and storage Collect eggs each day to obtain large batch no.
-1 Fumigate Reduce bacterial contamination on shells
0 Set eggs. Eggs placed in incubator
6 - 14 Candle Eggs Inspect over strong light to check for infertility
18 Transfer of eggs to hatching tray Change environmental conditions
21 Remove Hatchlings Inspect each chick and assess viability
22 + Discard remaining eggs Late hatchings are of low viability
Term
why do beak trimming?
Definition

to avoid injury

Chickens very territorial and will bully and fight each other

Done at 6-10 days old, 4-8 weeks, and 10-12 weeks

Done by HEATED BLADE.

Term
Why are eggs rotated?
Definition

Rotating egg ensures chicken does not stick to cell membrane and thus become deformed.

 

Embryo also orientated so chick may breathe through air bubble. Yolk nourishes embryo.

Term
What is the vaccination program for poultry?
Definition
  • Mareks Disease (MD). In/ovo (in embryo)
  • Infectious Bronchitis (IB). Spray at day old. Booster administered at 4 weeks and 16-17 weeks
  • Infectious Laryngotracheitis (IL). Eye Drop. Booster at 12 weeks
  • Fowl Pox (FP). Wing stab at 2-10 days. Booster at 12 weeks.
  • Newcastle Disease (ND). Eye Drop. Booster at 6-8 weeks and another one from 10-18 weeks.
Term
what are essential nutrients for chickens?
Definition

protein

amino acids

minerals (Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg)

vitamins

energy

Term
What foods comprise poultry diet for energy?
Definition
cereals (50-75% of diet), wheat, sorghum, maize
Term

a forced moult is done by feeding what?

what happens to the hens?

what happens to the eggs during the second laying period?

 

Definition

whole grain oats or barley

 

some weight loss and feather loss occur

 

eggs are fewer but larger in size

Term

for broiler chicks, they weigh ______ at 1 day and grow ______________ in 39 days

 

they are slaughtered at ____________ of age

Definition
Day old chicks weighing 40-50g grow to 2-2.5kg in 39 days. Usually slaughtered at 8 weeks of age.
Term

What are the main companies that control the broiler market?

what % of the market do they hold?

Definition

84% of the market

 

Inghams and Baiada

Term
describe the temperature for brooding broiler
Definition

brooding- start at 31-32L decrease 1C every 3 days until reach 20C

 

Term
describe how lighting affects broilers
Definition

low intensity- reduces bird activity and energy use which improves growth rate and FCR

 

high intensity- used at the start of brooding- find food and water then reduce intensity

 

23 hours of light/ 1 hour of darkness

some lines --> 18 hours of day length to decrease incidences of undesirable conditions

Term
what is the daily feed intake for broilers?
Definition
5-7% of body weight
Term
for every ___g of feed, drink ____g of water
Definition
1g feed: 2g water
Term
pelleted diet increase intake ____%, _______________, and _________________
Definition
increase intake 5-8%, reduce wastage, and prevent nutrient selection
Term

broiler nutrition accounts for ____% of the cost of producing broiler chickens

 

and what is the most expensive component of feed?

Definition

60-70% cost

 

protein and energy are the most expensive

Term
How is the broiler and layer feed different?
Definition
Broiler feed has slightly higher ME and significantly HIGHER LEVELS OF PROTEIN than in layer feeds. Also Calcium and phosphorous needed rapid skeleton and bone development.
Term
describe the diet stages in broilers
Definition

start diet: 0-2 weeks

grower diet 3-4 weeks

finisher diet 5-6 weeks

Term
what is important in a duck carcass?
Definition
fat
Term

What are the main companies in the duck industry?

what % of the market do they collectively control?

Definition

Pepe's ducks and Luv-a duck

85%

Term
what are the two main strains in the duck industry?
Definition
cherry valley and grimaud feres
Term
what is the difference of FCR in ducks and broilers?
Definition

 

Ducks generally have a high FCR of between 2.2 to 2.3 compared to broilers 1.75

Term

ducks produce how many eggs/year?

when do they start producing?

 

Definition

start producing at 24 weeks

produce 200-220 eggs/year

Term
Describe the stages of a duck and their diet
Definition

Feeder 1-14 days old.

=> Diet 12.2MJ/kg ME and 21-22.5% PROTEIN

 

Grower 15-42 days old.

=>12.7MJ/kg Me and 17-18% PROTEIN

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