*Elevation

Spinous process of: C₇, T₁-T₃

Medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine

*Adduction

*Up rotation

*Adduction

Spinous process of 4-12 thoracic vertebrae

Triangular space at the base of the scapular spine

*Depression

*Up rotation

*Down rotation

Adduction

Spinous process of the C_7-T₁

Medial border of the scapula (below the spine)

*Down rotation

*Adduction

Spinous process of the T_2-T₅

Medial border of the scapula (below the spine)

*Protraction *Up rotation

Upper 8 or 9 ribs

Medial border of the scapula

*Elevation

Transverse processes of C₁-C₄

Medial border of the scapula

*Extension

Inferior angle (scapula).

Medial lip of bicipital groove (humerus).

*Adduction

*Internal rotation

*External rotation

Lateral border (scapula).

Greater tubercle  (humerus)

*Horizontal abduction

*Diagonal adduction

*External rotation of humerus

Infraspinous fossa

Greater tubercle  (humerus)

*Abduction

(humerus)

Supraspinatus fossa

Greater tubercle

(humerus)

Internal rotation

(humerus)

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tubercle

(humerus)

*Extension

*External Rotation

Inferior edge of spine of the scapula

Deltoid tuberosity

*Horizontal &

  Diagonal       abduction

Latissimus dorsi

(Moves humerus)

*Extension of shoulder/humerus

-Thoracolumbar facia &

-Spinous processes of the lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Floor of bicipital groove

*Adduction of humerus

*Internal rotation of humerus

Triceps Brachii lateral head

*Extension of elbow

Supero-lateral  surface of humerus

Olecranon process

Triceps Brachii medial head

*Extension of elbow

Posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to the radial groove)

Olecranon process

Triceps Brachii long head

*Extension

of elbow

Infragleniod tubercle

(scapula)

Olecranon process

*Extension of shoulder

*Adduction of shoulder

Brachioradialis

*Flexion of elbow

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Styloid process of the radius

*Pronation

*Supination

Extensor carpi ulnaris

*Extension of the wrist

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus & dorsal surface of border of ulna

Base of the 5^th metacarpal

*Adduction of the wrist

Extensor carpi radials brevis

*Extension & Abduction  of the wrist

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Base of the 3^rd metacarpal

*Weak extension of the elbow

Extensor carpi radialis longus

*Extension & Abduction of the wrist

Lateral supracondylar ridge of  humerus

Base of the 2^nd metacarpal

*Weak extension of the elbow

Extensor digitorum

*Extension of the 2^nd – 5^th phalanges

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Dorsal surface of phalanges 2-5

*Extension of the wrist

Abductor pollicis longus

*Abduction of the thumb & wrist

Proximal dorsal surface of radius and ulna

Base of the 1^st metacarpal on lateral surface

Extensor Pollicis longus

*Extension of the thumb

Postero-lateral surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of the thumb on dorsal surface

*Abduction of the wrist

Extensor pollicis brevis

*Extension of the thumb

Posterior surface of the lower middle radius

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb on dorsal surface

*Abduction of wrist

Supinator

*Supination of forearm

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Anterolateral of surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity

Biceps femoris

*Extension of the hip

Long head: ischial tuberosity.

Short head: lower half of the linea aspera

Head of the fibula & lateral condyle of the tibia

*Flexion of the knee

*External rotation of the hip and knee

Semitendinosus

*Extension of the hip

Ischial tuberosity

Proximal medial surface of the tibia, below the condyle

*Flexion of the knee

*Internal rotation of the hip & knee

*Internal knee rotation

Semimembranosis

*Extension of the hip

Ischial tuberosity

Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle

*Flexion of the knee

*Internal rotation of the hip & knee

Gluteus maximus

*Extension of the hip

Posterior ¼ of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum & coccyx and Thoracolumbar fascia

Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract.

*External rotation of the hip

Gluteus medius

*Abduction of the hip

Antero-lateral surface of the ilium, just below the crest, & posterior gluteal line

Greater trochanter of femur

*Internal rotation of hip

Gluteus minimus

Lateral surface of the ilium -  between inferior &  anterior gluteal line

Greater trochanter

Tensor fasciae latae

Abduction of the hip

Iiac crest & anterior surface of the ASIS

Iliotibial tract

*Flexion of the hip

*Internal rotation of the hip as it flexes

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Femoral Condyles

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achillis)

Flexion of the knee

Soleus

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Head and proximal shaft of fibula & posteromedial shaft of tibia

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achillis)

Tibialis posterior

Inversion of the foot

Interosseus membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula

Navicular & 1^st-3^rd  cuneiforms,  bones & bases of the 2-4 metatarsals

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexion of the 4 lesser toes

Posterior-medial surface of the tibia

Inferior surface of distal phalanges (toes – 2-5)

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Inversion of the foot

Flexor halllucis longus

Flexion of the great toe

Posterior surface of the fibula

Inferior surface of the distal phalanx of the big toe (Hallicus)

Inversion of the foot

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Peroneus (Fibularis) longus

Eversion of the foot

Head and proximal shaft of  fibula

Base of 1^st cuneiform and 1^st metatarsal

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis

Eversion of the foot

Mid-lateral margin of fibula

Base of the 5^th metatarsal

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Erector Spinae

(Iliocostalis)

(Longissimus)

(Spinalis)

Lateral flexion of the spine

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum to posterior ribs and transverse processes of thoracic verterbrae

Cervical, thoracic transverse processes

Extension of the spine

Quadratus lumborum

Ipsilateral flexion stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine

Iliac Crest & Ilio-lumbar ligament

Last rib & tranverse processes of Lumbar vertebrae