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Posterior Muscles
name, origin, insertion, and action of posterior muscles
42
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2014

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Term
[image]
Definition

                            Upper Trapezius 

Action

  • Elevation                                         (moves scapula) 
  • Up Rotation

Origin

  • Base of skull to occipital protuberance 

Insertion

  • Posterior Lateral 1/3 of clavicle  
Term
[image]
Definition

Middle Trapezius 

Action                 Origin                  Insertion 

*Elevation

Spinous process of: C7, T1-T3

Medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine

*Adduction

 

 

*Up rotation

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

 Lower Trapezius

 

   Action            Origin                   Insertion 

*Adduction

Spinous process of 4-12 thoracic vertebrae

Triangular space at the base of the scapular spine

*Depression

 

 

*Up rotation

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Rhomboid minor 

     Action              Origin                  Insertion

*Down rotation

Adduction

Spinous process of the C7-T1

Medial border of the scapula (below the spine)

Term
[image]
Definition

Rhomboid major 

   Action              Origin                   Insertion

*Down rotation

*Adduction

Spinous process of the T2-T5

Medial border of the scapula (below the spine)

Term
[image]
Definition

Serratus anterior 

  Action                 Origin                Insertion

*Protraction *Up rotation

Upper 8 or 9 ribs

Medial border of the scapula

Term
[image]
Definition

Levator scapulae 

 Action              Origin                   Insertion

*Elevation

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Medial border of the scapula

Term
[image]
Definition

moves humerus           Teres Major

 

   Action              Origin                  Insertion 

*Extension

Inferior angle (scapula).

Medial lip of bicipital groove (humerus).

*Adduction

 

 

*Internal rotation

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

moves humerus               Teres minor

 

  Action                Origin                  Insertion

*External rotation

Lateral border (scapula).

Greater tubercle  (humerus)

*Horizontal abduction

 

 

*Diagonal adduction

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

humerus             Infrapinatus 

 

   Action              Origin                Insertion 

*External rotation of humerus

Infraspinous fossa

Greater tubercle  (humerus)

Term
[image]
Definition

humerus                   Supraspinatus 

  

  Action                  Origin               Insertion

*Abduction

(humerus)

Supraspinatus fossa

Greater tubercle

(humerus)

Term
[image]
Definition

Subscapularis  

  Action                Origin                  Insertion 

Internal rotation

(humerus)

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tubercle

(humerus)

Term
[image]
Definition

Posterior deltoid 

 

   Action              Origin                  Insertion

*Extension

*External Rotation

Inferior edge of spine of the scapula

Deltoid tuberosity

*Horizontal &

 

 

  Diagonal       abduction

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

 

                       Action                Origin             Insert

Latissimus dorsi

(Moves humerus)

 

*Extension of shoulder/humerus

-Thoracolumbar facia &

-Spinous processes of the lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Floor of bicipital groove

 

*Adduction of humerus

 

 

 

*Internal rotation of humerus

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

 

                         Action         origin           insertion

Triceps Brachii lateral head

*Extension of elbow

Supero-lateral  surface of humerus

Olecranon process

Term
[image]
Definition

 

                        Action         Origin             Insertion

Triceps Brachii medial head

*Extension of elbow

Posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to the radial groove)

Olecranon process

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action             Origin            Insertion

Triceps Brachii long head

*Extension

of elbow

Infragleniod tubercle

(scapula)

Olecranon process

 

*Extension of shoulder

 

 

 

*Adduction of shoulder

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                           Action          Origin          Insertion

Brachioradialis

*Flexion of elbow

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Styloid process of the radius

 

*Pronation

 

 

 

*Supination

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                       Action        Origin           Insertion

Extensor carpi ulnaris

*Extension of the wrist

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus & dorsal surface of border of ulna

Base of the 5th metacarpal

 

*Adduction of the wrist

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                       Action         Origin             Insertion

Extensor carpi radials brevis

*Extension & Abduction  of the wrist

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Base of the 3rd metacarpal

 

 

 

 

 

*Weak extension of the elbow

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                     Action           Origin            Insertion 

Extensor carpi radialis longus

*Extension & Abduction of the wrist

Lateral supracondylar ridge of  humerus

Base of the 2nd metacarpal

 

 

 

 

 

*Weak extension of the elbow

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                      Action           Origin           Insertion

Extensor digitorum

*Extension of the 2nd – 5th phalanges

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Dorsal surface of phalanges 2-5

 

*Extension of the wrist

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                      Action          Origin              Insertion 

Abductor pollicis longus

*Abduction of the thumb & wrist

Proximal dorsal surface of radius and ulna

Base of the 1st metacarpal on lateral surface

 

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                     Action            Origin               Insertion

Extensor Pollicis longus

*Extension of the thumb

Postero-lateral surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of the thumb on dorsal surface

 

*Abduction of the wrist

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                      Action            Origin           Insertion

Extensor pollicis brevis

*Extension of the thumb

Posterior surface of the lower middle radius

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb on dorsal surface

 

*Abduction of wrist

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action             Origin           Insertion 

Supinator

*Supination of forearm

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Anterolateral of surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action           Origin           Insertion 

Biceps femoris

*Extension of the hip

Long head: ischial tuberosity.

Short head: lower half of the linea aspera

Head of the fibula & lateral condyle of the tibia

 

*Flexion of the knee

 

 

 

*External rotation of the hip and knee

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                             Action      Origin          Insertion

Semitendinosus

*Extension of the hip

Ischial tuberosity

Proximal medial surface of the tibia, below the condyle

 

*Flexion of the knee

 

 

 

*Internal rotation of the hip & knee

 

 

 

*Internal knee rotation

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                                 Action      Origin         Insertion

Semimembranosis

*Extension of the hip

Ischial tuberosity

Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle

 

*Flexion of the knee

 

 

 

*Internal rotation of the hip & knee

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                   Action         Origin                Insertion

Gluteus maximus

*Extension of the hip

Posterior ¼ of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum & coccyx and Thoracolumbar fascia

Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract.

 

*External rotation of the hip

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                   Action             Origin          Insertion

Gluteus medius

*Abduction of the hip

Antero-lateral surface of the ilium, just below the crest, & posterior gluteal line

Greater trochanter of femur

 

 

 

 

 

*Internal rotation of hip

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                       Action           Origin         Insertion

Gluteus minimus

*Abduction of the hip

 

*Internal rotation of hip

 

Lateral surface of the ilium -  between inferior &  anterior gluteal line

Greater trochanter

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action            Origin           Insertion

Tensor fasciae latae

Abduction of the hip

Iiac crest & anterior surface of the ASIS

Iliotibial tract

 

*Flexion of the hip

 

 

 

*Internal rotation of the hip as it flexes

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                         Action         Origin          Insertion 

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Femoral Condyles

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achillis)

 

Flexion of the knee

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                   Action         Origin             Insertion 

Soleus

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Head and proximal shaft of fibula & posteromedial shaft of tibia

Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achillis)

Term
[image]
Definition

                     Action        Origin          Insertion

Tibialis posterior

Inversion of the foot

Interosseus membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula

Navicular & 1st-3rd  cuneiforms,  bones & bases of the 2-4 metatarsals

 

Plantar flexion of the ankle

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action           Origin          Insertion

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexion of the 4 lesser toes

Posterior-medial surface of the tibia

Inferior surface of distal phalanges (toes – 2-5)

 

Plantar flexion of the ankle

 

 

 

Inversion of the foot

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action          Origin           Insertion 

Flexor halllucis longus

Flexion of the great toe

Posterior surface of the fibula

Inferior surface of the distal phalanx of the big toe (Hallicus)

 

Inversion of the foot

 

 

 

Plantar flexion of the ankle

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                    Action             Origin          Insertion

Peroneus (Fibularis) longus

Eversion of the foot

Head and proximal shaft of  fibula

Base of 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

 

Plantar flexion of the ankle

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                       Action           Origin         Insertion

Peroneus (Fibularis) brevis

Eversion of the foot

Mid-lateral margin of fibula

Base of the 5th metatarsal

 

Plantar flexion of the ankle

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                         Action        Origin            Insertion

Erector Spinae

(Iliocostalis)

(Longissimus)

(Spinalis)

Lateral flexion of the spine

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum to posterior ribs and transverse processes of thoracic verterbrae

Cervical, thoracic transverse processes

 

Extension of the spine

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

                       Action          Origin             Insertion

Quadratus lumborum

Ipsilateral flexion stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine

Iliac Crest & Ilio-lumbar ligament

Last rib & tranverse processes of Lumbar vertebrae

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