Action:

- elevation of scapula

- upward rotation of scapula

Origin: base of skull to occipital protuberance

Insertion:posterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Innervation: CN XI Accesory, C₃-C₄ spinal nerves

Action: 

- elevation, adduction, upward rotation of scapula

Origin: spinous process of C₇, T₁-T₃

Insertion: medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine

Innervation: CN XI Accesory, C₃-C₄ spinal nerves

Action: adduction, depression, upward rotation of the scapula

Origin: spinous process of 4-12 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Triangular space at the base of the scapular spine

Innervation: CN XI Accessory, C₃-C₄ spinal nerves

Action: downward rotation and adduction of the scapula

Origin: spinous process of the C₇-T₁

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula below the spine

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve, C₅

Action: protraction and upward rotation of scapula

Origin: upper 8 or 9 ribs

Insertion: medial border of the scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve, C₅-C₇

Action: elevation of scapula

Origin: transverse processes of C₁-C₄

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, C₅

Action: extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus

Origin: inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of bicipital groove

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve, C₅-C₆

action: external rotation, horizontal abduction, diagonal adduction

origin: lateral border of scapula

insertion: greater tubercle

innervation: axillary nerve, C₅

ROTATOR CUFF

1. Teres Minor
2. Infrasspinatus
3. Supraspinatus

Action: external rotation of humerus

Origin: infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C₅-C₆)

Action: abduction of the humerus

Origin: supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C₅-C₆)

Action: extension of humerus, adduction and internal rotation of the scapula

Origin: thoracolumbar facia & spinous processes of the lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: floor of bicipital groove

Innervation: thoraco-dorsal nerve (C₅-C₈)

Triceps Brachii

(long head)

Action: extension of the elbow, & extension and adduction of the scapula

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Olecranon process

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C₆-C₈)

Triceps Brachii

(lateral head)

Action: extension of the elbow

Origin: supero-lateral surface of humerus

Insertion: olecranon process

Innervation: radial nerve (C₆-C₈)

Triceps Brachii

(medial head)

Action: extension of the elbow

Origin: posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to the radial groove)

Insertion: olecranon process 

Innervation: radial nerve (C₆-C₈)

Action: flexion of the elbow, pronation & supination of forearm

Origin: superior ridge of the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of the radius

Innervation: Radial nerve (C₆-C₈)

Action: extension and adduction of wrist, weak extension of elbow

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus & dorsal surface of the border of the ulna

Insertion: base of the 5th metacarpal

Innervation: deep radial nerve (C₆-C₈)

Action: Extension and Abduction of the wrist, and "weak" extension of the elbow

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Base of the 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial Nerve C₆-C₈

Action: Extension and abduction of the wrist, and "weak" extension of elbow

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Base of the 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial Nerve C₆-C₈

Action: Extension of 2nd-5th phalanges, and extension of wrist

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Dorsal surface of 2-5 phalanges

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve, C₆-C₈

Action: Extension of thumb, abduction of wrist

Origin: postero-lateral surface of ulna, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb on dorsal surface

Innervation:Deep Radial Nerve, C₆-C₈

Action: Abduction of thumb and wrist

Origin: Proximal, dorsal surface of radius and ulna

Insertion: base of the 1st metacarpal on lateral surface

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve C₆-C₈

Action: Extension of thumb, and abduction of wrist

Origin: Posterior surface of lower middle radius

Insertion: Dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve (C₆-C₈)

Action: Supination of the forearm

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: anterolateral surface of radius, distal to the radial tuberosity

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve C₆-C₈

Action: Extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, external rotation of the hip and knee

Origin: Long Head- ischial tuberosity

Short Head- lower half of the linea aspera

Insertion: head of the fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

Innervation: Long Head- Sciatic Nerve (tibial portion; S₁-S₂)

Short Head- Sciatic Nerve (Common fibular branch; L₅-S₂)

Action: extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip and knee

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal medial surface of the tibia, below the condyle

Insertion: Sciatic Nerve (tibial portion; S₁-S₂)

Action: Extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the hip and knee

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: posterior surface of medial tibial condyle

Innervation: Sciatic Nerve (tibial portion; S₁-S₂)

Action: Extension and External rotation of the hip

Origin: posterior 1/4 of the iliac crest, posterior saccrum and coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve, L₂-S₂

Action: Abduction and internal rotation

Origin: Antero-lateral surface of illium, just below the crest

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve; L₄-S₁

Action: Abduction and internal rotation

Origin: lateral surface of the illium between inferior and anterior gluteal line

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Line; L₄-S₁

Action: Abduction and flexion of the hip, and internal rotation of the hip as it flexes

Origin: Illiac crest and anterior surface of ASIS

Insertion: Illiotibial tract

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve; L₄-S₁

Action: plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee

Origin: femoral condyles

Insertion: calcaneus via achilles/calcaneal tendon

Innervation: tibial nerve, S₁-S₂

Action: plantar flexion of the ankle

Origin: head and proximal shaft of fibula and posteromedial shaft of tibia

Insertion: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Innervation: tibial nerve, S₁-S₂

Action: inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the ankle

Origin: interosseous membrane and adjacent surfaces of tibia and fibula

Insertion: navicular, 1-3 cuneiforms, bases of 2-4 metatarsals

Innervation: tibial nerve, S₁-S₂

Action: flexion of 4 lesser toes, plantar flexion of ankle, inversion of foot

Origin: posterior medial surface of tibia

Insertion: inferior surfaces of distal phalanges 2-5

Innervation: tibial nerve, S₁-S₂

Action: flexion of great toe, plantar flexion of ankle, inversion of foot

Origin: posterior surface of fibula

Insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanx of hallicus (great toe)

Innervation: tibial nerve, S₁-S₂

Action: eversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle

Origin: head and proximal shaft of the fibula

Insertion: base of 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve, L₄-S₁

Action: Eversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the ankle

Origin: mid-lateral margin of the fibula

Insertion: base of the 5th metatarsal

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve, L₄-S₁

Action: lateral flexion and extension of spine

Origin: thoracolumbar aponeurosis from saccrum to posterior ribs, and transverse processes of thoracis vertebrae

Insertion: transverse proceses of cervical & thoracic vertebrae

Action: ipsilateral flexion and stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine

Origin: illiac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and last rib