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Posterior Abdominal Wall & Kidneys (Roque)
N/A
53
Anatomy
Graduate
01/17/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the different portions of the central tendon of the diaphragm?
Definition
Sternal (xiphoid process), costal, lumbar
Term
What are the divisions of the lumbar portion of the central tendon?
Definition
Median arcuate, medial arcuate, lateral arcuate
Term
Which arcuate ligament unites the left and right crura?
Definition
Median arcuate ligament
Term
Which arcuate ligament acts as a thickening layer of thoracolumbar fascia over psoas major?
Definition
Medial arcuate ligament
Term
Which arcuate ligament acts as a thickening of thoracolumbar fascia over quadratus lumborum?
Definition
Lateral arcuate ligament
Term
What is transmitted through the aortic hiatus?
Definition
Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein, occasionally intercostal lymphatic trunks
Term
True or false: The aortic hiatus pierces the diaphragm
Definition
False
Term
What verterbral level is the aortic hiatus located?
Definition
T12
Term
At what vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus located as a muscular part of the diaphragm?
Definition
T10
Term
What is transmitted through the esophageal hiatus?
Definition
Esophagus, esophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein, anterior and posterior vagal trunks, some lymphatic vessels
Term
The vena caval foramen is an opening in what?
Definition
Central tendon
Term
At what vertebral level is the vena caval foramen located?
Definition
T8
Term
What is transmitted through the vena caval foramen?
Definition
Inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve, lymphatic vessels
Term
The sternocostal hiatus is an interval between what structures?
Definition
Adjacent sternal and costal muscular fasciculi
Term
What is transmitted through the sternocostal hiatus?
Definition
Lymphatic channels from the convex surface of the liver to the anterior phrenic nodes, superior epigastric artery
Term
What pierces the crura of the diaphragm?
Definition
Greater and lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves
Term
What branches of the internal thoracic artery supply the diaphragm?
Definition
Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic branches
Term
What branches of the thoracic and abdominal aorta supply the diaphragm?
Definition
Superior phrenic and inferior phrenic respectively
Term
Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic tributaries drain blood from the diaphragm to what?
Definition
Internal thoracic veins
Term
The right and left inferior phrenic veins drain blood from the diaphragm to what?
Definition
Inferior vena cava and left suprarenal vein respectively
Term
True or false: Superior and inferior lymphatics of the diaphragm communicate freely
Definition
True
Term
What innervates the diaphragm?
Definition
Phrenic nerve
Term
What are the roots of the phrenic nerve?
Definition
C3-5
Term
While the phrenic nerve provides sensory perception to the central part of the diaphragm, what allows for sensation of the diaphragms peripheral portions?
Definition
Lower six intercostal and subcostal nerves (T5-12)
Term
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias result due to what developmental abnormality?
Definition
Failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to close
Term
What are the consequences of congenital diaphragmatic hernias?
Definition
Pulmonary hypolasia at birth, respiratory distress, cyanosis, herniation is usually left sided (bilateral is fatal)
Term
Which form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is posterolateral, left sided, and through the pleuroperitoneal canal (foramen of Bochdalek)
Definition
Bochdalek hernia
Term
Which form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is anterior, right sided, and through the sternocostal hiatus?
Definition
Morgagni hernia (rare)
Term
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia through the esophageal hiatus is known as what?
Definition
Hiatal hernia
Term
What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major?
Definition
T12-L5, lesser trochanter of femur
Term
What innervates the psoas major?
Definition
Nerve to psoas major from lumbar plexus
Term
The psoas minor is often absent and mistaken for what?
Definition
Genitofemoral nerve
Term
What is the origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum?
Definition
Origin: iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, tip of L5
Insertion: 12th ribs, tip of L1-4
Term
The psoas major is related superiorly to what ligament?
Definition
Medial arcuate ligament
Term
The quadratus lumborum is related superiorly to what ligament?
Definition
Lateral arcuate ligament?
Term
What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?
Definition
Fixes/depresses 12th ribs during respiration, flexes trunk laterally
Term
What innervates the quadratus lumborum?
Definition
Nerve to quadratus lumborum (lumbar plexus)
Term
What is the action of the transversus abdominis?
Definition
Compresses abdominal contents
Term
What is the nerve supply to the transversus abdominis?
Definition
Lower 6 thoracic, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves
Term
What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus?
Definition
Iliac fossa and lesser trochanter of the femur
Term
What supplies innervation to the iliacus?
Definition
Femeral nerve from lumbar plexus
Term
Where does the abdominal aorta begin and where does it terminate?
Definition
T12 at aortic hiatus, terminates at L4 as it divides into left and right common iliac
Term
Where does the inferior vena cava begin and where does it terminate?
Definition
Begins at L5 behind right common iliac artery, terminates at T8 when it pierces the diaphragm and joins the right atrium
Term
Which lymph nodes drain the GI? Where is it located?
Definition
Per-aortic nodes around celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric arteries
Term
Which lymph nodes drain the urogenital system?
Definition
Para-aortic (lateral) nodes
Term
What drains lymph from the interstitial and lumbar trunks? Where is it located?
Definition
Cisternal chyli in front of L1-2, start of thoracic duct
Term
What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?
Definition
L1-4
Term
What are the roots of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve?
Definition
L1
Term
What are the roots of the genitofemoral nerve?
Definition
L1-2
Term
What are the roots of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
Definition
L2-3
Term
What are the roots of the femoral and obturator nerves?
Definition
L2-4
Term
What are sympathetic pre-vertebral ganglia of the abdomen and where are they located?
Definition
Celiac (around celiac trunk), intermesenteric (between superior mesenteric artery and aortic bifurcation), superior hypogastric (at aortic bifurcation)
Term
What are the parasympathetic nerves within the abdomen?
Definition
Vagus (CNX) and pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)
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