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THE HEART!!!
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/16/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

location of the heart

 

Definition
2/3 just left of midline b/w lungs.  top part of heart is called base.. apex is on left side which is where you feel heartbeat 
Term

3 layers of the heart

 

Definition

-endocardium-- smooth, thin, simple squamus layer

-myocardium--thick, cardiac mm layer

--epicardium-- serous membrane (part of pericardium)

Term

cardiac muscle

 

Definition

-slightly striated like skeletal mm

*branched mm fibers transfer action potential to several other fibers

*intercalated discs--pieces of cell membrane attaching the cells together

-allows for fast transfer of action pot. via an electrical synapse

*branched cells and intercalated discs allow heart to contract in a rhythmic pattern w/ rest periods

Term
left and right divisions of the heart
Definition

-left side pumps high O2 blood to the systemic circuit (all tissues of body)

-right side pumps low O2 blood to pulmonary circuit (lungs)

-each side has an atrium and ventricle 

Term

atrium (top)

 

Definition

receives blood from the venous sys and aids in filling the ventricles

-

Term

ventricles (bottom)

 

Definition

forcefully pump blood out of heart into arteries

 

Term

2 atrioventricular valves (AV valves)

 

Definition

-left AV valve--aka mitral valve

-right AV valve--aka tricuspid valve

 

Term

2 valves b/w the ventricles and major arteries 

 

Definition

-aortic valve-- aka left semilunar valve

-pulmonary valve-- aka right semilunar valve

 

-all valves keep blood flowing in the right direction

 

Term

major blood vessels

 

Definition

-major arteries- carry away

-aorta--high O2 blood out to systemic circuit

-pulmonary artery--low O2 blood, carriesCO2 to lungs

 

-major veins- to heart

-superior and inferior vena cava--carries low O2 blood to heart from systemic circuit 

-pulmonary veins--carry rich O2 blood back to heart

 

Term

order of blood flow


Definition

1.deoxygenated blood from body flows through superior and inf. vena cava

2.enters right atrium

3.flows through right AV valve into right ventricle

4.pumped through pulmonic valve into pulmonary artery

5blood in oxygenated in lungs

6.returns to heart via pulmonic veins

7.enters left atrium

8.flows through left AV valve into left ventricle

9.pumped through aortic valve into aorta and out to rest of body

Term

cardiac cycle def and 2 types

 

Definition

-one complete cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart

-systole and diastole

Term

systole

 

Definition

the contraction phase

-AV valves (aortic and pulmonic) open THE FIRST HEART SOUND

-semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic) open

-the ventricles contract forcing blood into the major arteries

 

Term

diastole

 

Definition

-the relaxation phase-

-starts after the ventricles relax

-semilunar valves close 2ND HEART SOUND

-AV valves open

-all chambers are relaxed being filled w/ venous blood

-the atria contract to force more blood into the ventricles just before the end of diastole

Term

blood supply to the myocardium

 

Definition

**coronary arteries and veins supply blood to myocardium

-coronary arteriesbranch off at the base of aorta

-coronary veins enter the right atrium through the inferior vena cava

Term

conduction system has 2 basic structures...nodes and fibers.  explain nodes and the 2 types

 

Definition

set the pace for heart rate by generating an action potential at a certain rhythm

-2 types-

-synoatrial node (SA node)- main pacemaker that starts action potential

-atrioventricular node (AV node)- secondary pacemaker, slows conduction from the atria to the ventricles

Term

steps in conduction

 

Definition

1. SA node generates action potential

2. action pot. travels through mm of atria causing them to contract.  at same time action pot. travels to AV node.

3. AV node is stimulated and slows conduction allowing atria to finish contracting

4. action pot. travels down bundle of his and bundle branches

5.action pot. spreads down purkinje fibers to contract muscular walls of ventricles starting at apex

Term
study control of heart rate... SNS and PNS, as well as variations tachycardia and bradycardia.  pg 253-254
Definition
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