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positioning
radiographic positioning
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/04/2011

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Term
What The afracnterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis
Definition
Promontory
Term
Another term for sacral horns
Definition
Cornu
Term
Which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the SI joint?
Definition
Articular/auricular surface
Term
What structure of the sacrum is considered most posterior?
Definition
Median sacral crest
Term
Which topographical landmark corresponds with the L4-L5 vertebral level?
Definition
Iliac crest
Term
what is the average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the L3-L4 zygapophyseal joints?
Definition
45 degrees
Term
Why should the hips and knees be flexed for an AP projection of the lumbar spine?
Definition
For patient comfort and to reduce the lumbar curvature
Term
True or false? If the waist is supported properly an average sized patient does NOT require any CR angulation for the lateral lumbar spine?t
Definition
True
Term
Should the AP and lateral projections for a pediatric scoliosis study include the lumbar and thoracic spine?
Definition
Yes
Term
A condition of unknown cause in which calcifications of bony ridges between vertebrae occurs, creating a lack of mobility with a "bamboo" appearance
Definition
ankylosing spondylitis
Term
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a congenital condition called?
Definition
Scoliosis
Term
A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicle is projected too far posterior on the vertebral body. What specific positioning error is present?
Definition
Excessive rotation of the spine
Term
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the mid to lower intervertebral joint spaces are not open. The patients waist was supported. Which of the following modifications will help open these joint spaces during the repeat exposure?
Definition
Increase waist support and/or angle CR 5 to 8 caudal
Term
A radiograph of an AP axial sacrum reveals that it is foreshortened and the sacral foramina are not clearly seen. The patient was in an AP supine position and the technologist angled the CR 10 cephalad. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Definition
Insufficient CR angulation
Term
A radiograph of an AP axial coccyx reveals that the symphysis pubis is superimposed over the distal end of the coccyx. what modification will correct this problem during the repeat exposure?
Definition
Increase the CR angulation
Term
A patient comes to radiology for a follow up study of the lumbar spine. The patient had a spinal fusion performed at the L3-4 level 4 months earlier. What position would best demonstrate the degree of movement at the fusion site?
Definition
Lateral hyperextension and hyperflexion
Term
A patient comes in with a possible compression fracture of L3. Which position would best demonstrate the body of L3 and the intervertebral spaces above and below it?
Definition
Collimated PA and lateral
Term
What is the "nose" on the Scottie dog?
Definition
Transverse process
Term
Where is the CR centered for posterior oblique projections of the SI joints?
Definition
1 inch medial to upside ASIS
Term
The suprasternal, manubrial, or jugular notch all correspond to the level of what?
Definition
T2-T3
Term
the xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of?
Definition
T9-T10
Term
What connects the anterior aspect of the ribs to the sternum?
Definition
Costocartilage
Term
The sternal angle is at what level?
Definition
T4-T5
Term
Which pair of ribs attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?
Definition
Second
Term
What joint classification and type of movement are the sternoclavicular joints?
Definition
Synovial with diartthrodial (plane) movements
Term
Which ribs are considered true ribs?
Definition
1-7
Term
what technique is most effective in preventing lung markings from obscurring sternum on an oblique projection?
Definition
Use breathing technique
Term
Why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position?
Definition
The RAO projects the sternum over the shadow of the heart
Term
what position will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the left ribs?
Definition
LPO
Term
What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic patient?
Definition
20 degrees
Term
What is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic patient?
Definition
20 degrees
Term
Which two projectios must be taken for an injury to the right anterior upper ribs?
Definition
PA and LAO
Term
which 2 projections must be taken for an injury to the left posterior lower ribs?
Definition
AP and LPO
Term
Fracture of two adjacent ribs in two or more places with associated pulmonary injury
Definition
flail chest ribs
Term
A condition of the sternum that is often called "funnel chest"
Definition
Pectus excavatum
Term
A radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. What must be done to eliminate this problem during the repeat?
Definition
Increase rotation of the body
Term
Aa radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patients ribs are superimposed over the sternum..what needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat?
Definition
Ensure that the patient is not rotated
Term
A patient enters the ER with trauma to the bony thorax. The initial radiographs reveal that there are fracvtured ribs and a possible pneumothorax of the left thorax. The physician orders a chest study to confirm the pneumothorax, the patient can't stand. Which position would best demonstrate pneumothorax
Definition
Right lateral decubitus
Term
What awhat are the minimum number of ribs that must be demonstrated for a unilateral rib stufdy above the diaphragm?
Definition
1 through 9
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