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Positioning-Urinary System
Urinary System
69
Anatomy
Graduate
10/28/2015

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Cards

Term
Where is the IR centered for all abdominal radiographs taken during examinations of the urinary system?
Definition
iliac crests
Term
Which of the following therapies would be applied if contrast medium infiltrates the surrounding tissues?
2. application of ice if less than 30 minutes
3. application of a warm compress if more than 30 minutes
Definition
2 and 3
Term
Before venipuncture, the skin is cleansed in a circular motion. How much of an area is cleansed?
Definition
2-inch circle
Term
What type of motion is used to cleanse the skin before venipunture?
Definition
circular
Term
Which of the following is considered an operative examination?
Definition
retrograde urography
Term
Contraindications for intravenous urography include:
1. anuria
2. renal failure
Definition
1 and 2
Term
The urinary system includes the following?
1. urethra
2. two kidneys
Definition
1 and 2
Term
A severe reaction to medication or contrast medium would be:
Definition
anaphylactic reaction
Term
Which techniuque is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram?
Definition
retrograde filling technique
Term
The exposure technique used for an IVU should have sufficient contrast and density to clearly demonstrate the:
1. outline of kidneys
3. lateral margin of the psoas muscle
Definition
1 and 3
Term
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder(cystogram)?
Definition
2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis
Term
For which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level?
Definition
hypersthenic
Term
A mild reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be:
Definition
warmth
Term
Which of the following is true with regard to the use of injection needles for venipuncture?
Definition
2. the needles may only be used one time
Term
For which of the following anatomical areas is the retrograde technique used?
1. bladder
2. lower ureters
3. urethra
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
Which of the following serves as the reservoir for urine?
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
When blood or the medication injected into a vessel leaks out, it is called:
Definition
extravasation
Term
Which of the following is true regarding the kidneys?
Definition
the left kidney is longer and narrower than the right
Term
Preparation of the patient for an IVU includes:
1. a light evening meal
2. a non-gas forming laxative
3. NPO after midnight
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
Which of the following would indicate contrast medium has infiltrated the surrounding vessels?
1. swelling
2. burning
Definition
1 and 2
Term
Within how many minutes does contrast medium appear in the pelvicalyceal system?
Definition
2 to 8
Term
The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographs of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed:The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographs of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed:
Definition
intravenous urography
Term
What is the angle of the needle to the skin's surface during venipuncture?
Definition
45 degrees
Term
What size IR and which position is used for examination of the urinary bladder (cystogram)?
Definition
10x12 inch (24x30) cm lengthwise
Term
In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed:
Definition
retrograde
Term
What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial urinary bladder?
Definition
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Term
Before venipuncture is performed, the radiologic technologist must assess which of the following:
2. allergic reaction to iodine tincture (if used)
3. adverse reaction to the medication being administered
Definition
2 and 3
Term
Where is the compression applied during and IVU?
Definition
distal ends of the ureters
Term
Which of the following is ture regarding retrograde urography?
1. the ureters must be catheterized
2. provides little physiologic information
3. contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
The organ identified in the figure below is the:
Definition
left kidney
Term
The most common cause of contrast medium leaking out of a vessel and infiltrating the surrounding tissues is:
Definition
needle displacement
Term
Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection during a cystogram?
Definition
the midcoronal plane
Term
During venipuncture, how far above the site of the puncture is the tourniquet placed?
Definition
6 to 8 inches
Term
Guidlines from which of the following organizations must be adhered to with regard to venipuncture administration?
1. professional society (ASRT)
2. state agencies
3. the institution
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
How much urine is excreted by the kidneys each day?
Definition
1 to 2L
Term
What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system?
Definition
0 degrees
Term
Which projection would place the right kidney perpendicular to the IR?
Definition
AP oblique, RPO
Term
The respiration phase for radiographs made during intravenous urography is:
Definition
suspended expiration
Term
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
Definition
posterior wall
Term
How much fluid can the adult bladder hold?
Definition
500 mL
Term
Compression should not be used during an IVU if the patient has:
2. an aneurysm
3. a colostomy
Definition
2 and 3
Term
Functions of the kidney include:
1. removing waste products from the blood
2. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
3. secreting substances that affect blood pressure
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
The radiologic technologist may initiate venipuncture and administer contrast of the order of:
1. any physician
Definition
1 only
Term
Which of the following is true regarding nonionic contrast media?
1. cost is higher
2. less likely to cause a reaction
Definition
1 and 2
Term
The common reactions to contrast media include:
1. warmth
2. flushing
Definition
1 and 2
Term
The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is:
Definition
50 to 70%
Term
The vessels most often used for venipuncture are found on the:
1. anterior forearm
2. posterior hand
Definition
1 and 2
Term
A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed:
Definition
cystography
Term
How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position?
Definition
2 inches
Term
The series of radiographs made during an IVU examination are typically done at time intervals between:
Definition
3 and 20 minutes
Term
The antiseptic used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture should remain of the skin for:
Definition
30 seconds
Term
The abbreviation for the excretory technique of urography is:
Definition
IVU
Term
IV medications are administered via the:
Definition
venous system
Term
The vast majority of all reactions to contrast media occur within how many minutes after injection?
Definition
5
Term
After the needle enters the skin during venipuncture, the angle of the needle is reduced how many degrees to the long axis of the vessel?
Definition
15 degrees
Term
How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys?
Definition
15 to 20
Term
Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system?
Definition
the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid
Term
The center of the compression device that is placed over the lower ureters during intravenous urography is positioned?
Definition
at the level of the ASIS
Term
The cup-shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from all collecting ducts are called the:
Definition
calyces
Term
Which of the following must be available during an IVU?

2. radiologist
3. emergency cart
Definition
2 and 3
Term
The respiration phase for all exposures made during and IVU is:
Definition
expiration
Term
Which of the following projections are used during a cystogram?
1. AP
2. AP oblique
3. lateral
Definition
1, 2 and 3
Term
What is the central-ray angulation for the AP axial urinary bladder?
Definition
10 to 15 degrees caudad
Term
How much is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the urinary bladder during a cystogram?
Definition
40 to 60 degrees
Term
The area of the kidney identifed in the figure below is the:
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
How long is the urethra in the female?
Definition
1 1/2 inches
Term
A moderate reaction to a medication or contrast medium would be:
Definition
vomiting
Term
The radiographic examination of the urethra is called:
Definition
cystourethrography
Term
Significant reactions to contrast media include:
1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. edema of the respiratory mucous membrane
Definition
1, 2 and 3
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