Term
| What are the primary tributaries of the portal vein? |
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Definition
| paraumbilical (in ligamentum teres) [left portal]; left gastric and right gastric; sma and splenic veins; imv (via splenic); cystic vein |
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Term
| What are the 5 major portocaval anastamoses? |
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Definition
| umbilical, rectal, retroperitoneal, esophageal, bare surface of liver |
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Term
| Explain esophageal varices |
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Definition
| backup from portal to left gastric to esophageal veins which dilate. then would get blood to svc via azygous/hemiazygous. |
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Term
| What vertebral level is cisterna chyle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do all lymphatic vessels have valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain rectal portocaval anastamoses? |
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Definition
| Superior rectal vein anastamoses with IMV. Superior rectal vein anastamoses with middle and inferior rectal veins. middle rectal vein anastamoses with the internal iliac. inferior rectal vein anastamoses with the internal pudendal. |
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Term
| explain paraumbilical portocaval anastamoses |
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Definition
| paraumbilical veins come via left portal (in the ligamentum teres). then blood goes to epigastric veins and into systemic circulation. |
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Term
| what are the anastamoses of the epigastric veins? (superior, inferior, superficial) |
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Definition
The inferior epigastric vein anastamoses with the external iliac vein inferiorly and the superior epigastric vein superiorly. The superior epigastric vein anastamoses with the internal thoracic vein (which terminates in the brachiocephalic vein).
INFERIORLY, the superficial epigastric vein joins the great saphenous vein, which joins the femoral vein, which joins the external iliac vein, which joins the IVC.
SUPERIORLY, the superficial epigastric vein joins the thoracoepigastric vein, which joins the lateral thoracic vein, which joins the axillary vein, which joins the brachiocephalic vein, which joins the IVC. |
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Term
| Besides the abdomen, what else does cisterna chyle get lymph from? |
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Definition
| lumbar lymph trunks and descending thoracic lymph trunks |
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Term
| What are the ascending lumbar veins? |
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Definition
| These become the azygous on the right (through fusion with the subcostal v) and the hemiazygous on the left. The ascending lumbars MAY connect to the external iliacs. |
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Term
| How do the extremities get lymphatic drainage? |
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Definition
| subclavian trunks join with thoracic ducts. |
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Term
| How does head and neck get lymphatic drainage? |
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Definition
| right and left jugular trunks anastamose with the thoracic ducts |
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Term
| What does preaortic lymph nodes mean? Are these the same as lumbar nodes? |
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Definition
| preaortic are anterior to the aorta. lumbar are para lateral aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| There are up to 5 of them. One per vertebral level. They anastamose directly with the IVC (or into renals/common iliacs). The ascending lumbar vein connects all the lumbar veins and then confluences with the subcostal vein to form the azygous (on the right) or the hemiazygous (on the left). The azygous sometimes connects directly with the IVC (and the hemiazygous sometimes connects with the left renal.) |
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Term
| What drains the posterior thoracic wall? |
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Definition
| On the right, azygous. On the left, hemiazygous. |
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Term
| Where does the hemiazygous vein join the azygous? |
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Definition
| At about T9 it goes posterior to great vessels and joins azygous. |
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Term
| Where does accessory hemiazygous? |
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Definition
| It crosses over to the left side and joins the azygous |
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Term
| What is different about the portal system from regular venous systems? |
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Definition
| It is a two capillary system (ie there is a capillary before the portal vein, and a capillary after the portal vein before the blood goes into the hepatic veins |
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Term
| Does the portal vein have valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the thoracic duct have valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the abdominal visceral veins have valves? (tributaries of portal) |
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Definition
| NO this is how portal hypertension causes varices and stuff |
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