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Portal-Caval System/ Abdominal lymphatics
Cole 4/11/11 lecture 2 hrs
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
03/21/2011

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Term
comes through mediaN arcuate arcuate ligament around T12
Definition
where does the aorta come through the diaphragm (What ligament and what spinal level?)
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
is the aorta mesenteric or retroperitoneal?
Term
L4, common iliac arteries
Definition
what spinal level does the aorta divide, what are these vessels called?
Term
1)body wall(these are paired except 1)
2)kidneys and glands (bilateral but asymmetric)
3) gut (midline, unpaired)
Definition
where do branches of the aorta go (3 places)
Term
1)inferior phrenic arteries
2) 4 lumbar arteries
3) median sacral artery
Definition
what are the branches of the aorta that go to the body wall below the aortic hiatus? (go north to south)
Term
because the aorta is off to the left, so the vessels to the right side of the body have to cross the midline and are longer
Definition
why are all of the aortic branches to the kidneys and glands assymetric?
Term
1) 3 pairs-suprarenal arteries
2) 1 pair-renal arteries
3) 1 pair-gonadal arteries
Definition
list the aortic branches to the kidney and glands (north to south)
Term
supplies the body wall, anastamoses with the pelvic artery
Definition
what does the median sacral artery anastamose with? (what does the MSA supply?)
Term
usually a direct branch off the aorta right below the hiatus at T12, but they can branch off the celiac trunk
Definition
where do the inferior phrenics usually come off the aorta (what is an alternative?)
Term
8-10, branch off the inferior phrenic arteries
Definition
how many superior suprarenal arteries are there, and what do they branch off of?
Term
directly off the aorta
Definition
what vessel do the middle suprarenal arteries come off of?
Term
one branches off each of the renal arteries
Definition
what vessel do the inferior suprarenal arteries branch off of?
Term
superior is smallest, middle is middle, inferior is largest
Definition
describe the sizes of each of the suprarenal arteries compared to each other
Term
the right one, it crosses the midline
Definition
which renal artery is larger?
Term
secondarily retroperitoneal, doesn't have anything to do with the kidney functionally or developmentally, just ends up on top of it
Definition
is the suprarenal gland mesenteric or retroperitoneal? does it have anything to do with the kideny?
Term
S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
*D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
*P = Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
U = Ureters
*C = Colon (only the ascending and descending parts)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus(part)
R = Rectum(upper 2/3)

* D,P,C = secondary retroperitoneal

random vessels: (all secondarily retroperitoneal)
ileocolic, right colic most of left colic, most of IMA, most of splenic, superior rectal arteries
Definition
list the (primary and secondary) retroperitoneal organs & vessels
Term
upper L1 body
Definition
what spinal level is the celiac artery?
Term
lower L1 body
Definition
what spinal level is the SMA?
Term
L3 vertebral body
Definition
what spinal level is the IMA?
Term
SMA gives them off
after passing under the body of the pancreas
Definition
what gives off the anterior and posterior INFERIOR pancreaticoduodenal arteries, when does it do this?
Term
celiac -> common hepatic -> gastroduodenal -> a/p SUPERIOR PD
Definition
where do the anterior/posterior SUPERIOR PD arteries come from?
Term
the vessels usually run perpendicular to the middle of the tube then branch parallel to it
Definition
how do arteries typically reach the gut off the SMA?
Term
1) inferior PD's
2) middle colic
3) jejunal arteries (lots of branches)
4) right colic artery
5) ileocollic art.
Definition
list the branches of the SMA from north to south
Term
mesenteric
Definition
the entire ileum, jejunum, and their vessels are ______
Term
ileocolic artery
Definition
what artery supplies the distal ileum and proximal colon and is mostly secondarily retroperitoneal (except for the branch it sends to the appendix)?
Term
ileal and jejunal branches -> arcades (4 rows in jejunum, 2 rows in ileum) -> vasa recta
Definition
list the vessels from the SMA to the illeum and jejunum
Term
1) left colic artery to descding colon
2) sigmoid arteries
3) superior rectal arteries
Definition
describe the branches off the IMA (northe to south)
Term
mesenteric: l&r gastric, l&r gastroomental, common hepatic, PD
retroperitoneal:
Definition
which parts of the celiac artery are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal?
Term
mostly mesenteric: last part of SMA, jejunal & ileal branches, vasa recta, arcades, middle colic
retroperitoneal: right colic, ileocolic(colic half), inferior PD's, first part of SMA
Definition
which parts of the SMA are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal?
Term
MOSTLY retroperitoneal: most of left colic, superior rectal, IMA itself
mesenteric: sigmoid, part of left colic,
Definition
which parts of the IMA are mesenteric? which parts are retroperitoneal?
Term
3rd part of duodenum, if compressed the SMA will squeeze the duodenum into the aorta
Definition
what does the SMA go anterior to? (if this was compressed, what would be obstructed?)
Term
left colic flexure
Definition
where does the middle colic artery anastamose with the left colic artery?
Term
ileocecal junction
Definition
where does the ilecolic artery anastamose with the right colic?
Term
at the transition of sigmoid colon to rectum
Definition
where do the sigmoid arteries anastamose with superior rectal?
Term
ileum: thinner wall, has 4 rows of arcades, short vasa recti, increased fat, mores peyers patches, less folds

jejunum: bigger longer vasa recti, thicker walls, less fat, 2 rows of arcades, more folds
Definition
how can you tell the ileum form the jejunum?
Term
L5, by joining of the common iliac veins
Definition
what spinal level does the IVC form at? what vessels form it?
Term
T8
Definition
at what spinal level does the IVC come through the diaphragm?
Term
inferior phrenic vein, hepatic veins, R suprarenal, L&R renals, Right gonadal, lumbar veins, common iliac veins
Definition
what veins drain DIRECTLY to the IVC? (north to south)
Term
via the left renal vein
Definition
how do the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins reach the IVC?
Term
1 pair of veins, 3 pairs of arteries
Definition
how many pairs of suprarenal veins are there? suprarenal arteries?
Term
at the l common iliac, the artery is a direct branch off the middle of the aorta
Definition
where does the median sacral vein enter the IVC? where does the artery hit the aorta?
Term
right renal artery passes posterior to the IVC

the left renal vein passes anterior to the aorta
Definition
where does the right renal artery pass in relation to the IVC? how about the left renal vein in relation to the aorta?
Term
left renal vein, right testicular/ovarian
Definition
what vessels cross the midline and passes anterior to the IVC & aorta?
Term
the aorta is at L4, the IVC forms at L5
Definition
what level is the bifurcation of the aorta? the IVC?
Term
common iliac veins are posterior to the common iliac arteries

the median sacral artery is behind the left common iliac vein
Definition
what is the relationship between the common iliac veins and the common iliac arteries? (which is anterior/posterior) where is the median sacral artery in relation to this?
Term
lumbar arteries cross behind the IVC, the lumbar veins pass behind the aorta
Definition
where do the lumbar arteries and veins pass in relation to each other?
Term
3-4 inches
Definition
how long is the portal vein?
Term
foregut: splenic vein, portal, superior mesenteric
midgut: superior mesenteric vein
hindgut: inferior mesenteric vein
Definition
what MAIN vein drains the midgut? what about the hindgut? the foregut?
Term
1)l& r gastric
2) cystic
3) superior PD's
4) paraumbilical (small patch of skin on body wall)
Definition
what veins drain into the portal vein?
Term
1)short gastic veins
2)left gastroomental
Definition
what drains into the splenic vein?
Term
right gastroomental and inferior PD's
Definition
what veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein?
Term
passes anterior/superior to the 3rd segment of duodenum and uncinate process then goes under the neck of the pancreas
Definition
where does the superior mesenteric vein travel to reach the portal vein in relation to the pancreas and small intestine?
Term
IMV joins the splenic behind the pancreas, then the splenic and SMV join, forming the portal vein

the IMV can vary and go straight to the portal
Definition
how do the splenic, IMV, and SMV make the portal vein?
Term
hepatic veins
Definition
what veins drain the liver to the IVC?
Term
artery
Definition
which is more superior, splenic artery of vein?
Term
posterior to the neck of the pancreas
Definition
where does the portal vein form in relation to the pancreas?
Term
cancer, cirrhosis, thrombosis, or congenital malformation of the IVC
Definition
what are the causes of portal hypertension?
Term
varices, splenomegaly, and acites
Definition
what is portal hypertension associated with? (what other conditions?)
Term
the portal side reverses until it reaches the anastamoses to the caval system
Definition
where does blood flow reverse direction in the case of portal hypertension?
Term
1)left gastric-azygous
2)superior rectal vein - middle & inferior rectal veins
3)paraumbilical - thoracoepigastric
4) inferior mesenteric - posterior abdominal wall veins (IVC branches)-> hemiazygous (SVC)

these are sites where blood backs up caused by portal hypertension and can cause varices which may rupture
Definition
where are the 4 major portal-caval anastamoses in order of most deadly to least(why are they important?)
Term
esophageal varices
Definition
what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the left gastric vein where it anastamoses with the azygous?
Term
ruptured esophageal varices
Definition
what is one of the most common causes of death due to portal hypertension?
Term
rectal varices, which cause bright red bleeding
Definition
what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the superior rectal vein where it anastamoses with the middle and inferior rectal veins?
Term
upper has tar colored stools
lower has bright red stools
Definition
what is the difference from an upper GI bleed and a lower GI Bleed?
Term
caput medusae, engorged superficial veins radiate out from the umbillicus
Definition
what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the paraumbilical vein where it anastamoses with the thoracoepigastric veins?
Term
usually it is asymptomatic
Definition
what results from portal hypertension increasing blood flow to the inferior mesenteric vein where it anastamoses with the veins of the posterior abdominal wall?
Term
intestinal trunks which drain into the cysterna chyli(beginning of thoracic duct) ~L1,L2 level
Definition
where does lymph from the gut go mostly?
Term
bare area of the liver sends lymph through the diaphragm to thoracic lymph nodes

this is an important metastasis route

also descending + sigmoid colon drain some lymph to posterior abdominal wall

also a metastasis route
Definition
what are exceptions to gut lymph drainage into intestinal trunks?
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