Term
| what problems were building at home |
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Definition
| dishonest people were stealing money and the gap between rich and poor were growing |
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Term
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Definition
| senate,and held most powerful government jobs,they handled finances and directed wars |
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Term
| the farmers started to sink into |
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Definition
|
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Term
| why did the farmers sink into poverty and debt |
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Definition
| most of them were not able to farm because they were serving in the war or they suffered damage to their farms during hannibals attack on italy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what was the rich landowners new source |
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Definition
| the enslaved people(prisoners) tended to their crops |
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Term
| what did the farmers with debt do |
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Definition
| they sold their farm and went to look for a job in the city |
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Term
| how did the roman politicians turn the riots in there favor |
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Definition
| they got the poor to vote for them by giving them cheap food and cheap entertainment other known as bread and circuses |
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Term
| who were the two prominent officials who acknowledged the problems in rome |
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Definition
| tiberius and gaius grachuss |
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Term
| who were tiberius and gaius gracchus |
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Definition
| they were brothers that thought many of romes problems were caused by the loss of small farms |
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Term
| what did the two brothers do about the roman republic problems |
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Definition
| they asked the senate to take back public land from the rich and divide it among landless romans |
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Term
| what did the senators say about the brothers ideas |
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Definition
| they put theirselves above general welfare and fought against the idea |
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Term
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Definition
| 133bc the senators killed him |
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Term
| who became consul in 107bc |
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Definition
| marius the military leader |
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Term
| what did marius change about the army |
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Definition
| they were no longer volunteered citizens but they were paid proffessionals |
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Term
| what was the new army motivated by |
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Definition
| matierial items insteaad of sence of duty |
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Term
| the soldiers felt loyal to who |
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Definition
| the general not the republic |
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Term
| who challenged the marius army |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in 82bc what did sulla do |
|
Definition
| he forced his enemies out of rome and made himself dictator |
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Term
| what did sulla do to the government |
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Definition
| he wealened the council of the plebs and strengthened the senate |
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Term
| when sulla stepped down from office what happened |
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Definition
| he thought the republic could heal themselves but they went into a civil wars for 50 years |
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Term
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Definition
| crassus pompey and julius caeser |
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Term
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Definition
| military leader and one of the richest men in rome |
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Term
| who was pompey and julius caeser |
|
Definition
| they were not as rich as crassus but both wer succesful military men |
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Term
| who mad the first triumvirate |
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Definition
| crassus julius caser and pompey |
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Term
|
Definition
| it is a political alliance of three people |
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Term
| where did the men command |
|
Definition
pompey was in spain
crassus in syria
casear in gaul modern france |
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Term
| what did casear do in gaul |
|
Definition
| batlled foregn tribes and invaded britain |
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Term
| when and how was crassus killed |
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Definition
| in 53bc and killed in battle |
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Term
|
Definition
| he kept his soldiers and went into italy by crossing the rubicon |
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Term
|
Definition
| small river at the southern boundry of his command area |
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Term
| crossing the rubicon means |
|
Definition
| making a decision you know you cant take back |
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Term
| when did caser become dictator |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what roman tradition was broken when casear took power and to strengthen his hold on power |
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Definition
| he broke the tradition that a dictator could only derve for a short time period and he filled the senat e with new people that were loyal to him |
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Term
| what made casear popular with the poor |
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Definition
| he grantes citizenship to people living outside of the italian pwninsula ans startes new colonies to provide land for the landless and creates work for th jobless and ordered land owners using slave labor to hire nore free workers |
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Term
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Definition
| he created a new calender withe 12 months ams 365 days and a leap year |
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Term
| how long was the julian calender used |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the gregorian calendar |
|
Definition
| it was a calendar based on the birth of christ and has been used in the us since the beginniging |
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Term
| what senators planned to kill julius casear |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what three men created the second triumvirate |
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Definition
|
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Term
| wht two forces were in the cival war after caesers death |
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Definition
| the assasins and the grandnephew |
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Term
| how did the lasttwo leaders divide theroman world |
|
Definition
| octavian took west and antony took east |
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Term
| who did antony fall in love with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what did octavian tell the romans |
|
Definition
| that antony with cleos help planned to make homself sole ruler of the republic |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who won the actium battle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where did cleo and antony flea to and what did they do |
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Definition
| egypt and theythey killed themselves as octavian cslosed in on them |
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Term
| at the age of 32 what happened to actavian |
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Definition
| he became the only one at the top of the roman worls and was the foundation of a new system |
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Term
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Definition
| a political leader writer and romes greatest speaker he argued against dictators and wanted a representative gov his speeches and books pursueded many people |
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Term
|
Definition
| commander in chief or emporer |
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