Term
|
Definition
there is no actual mixing of blood
passing of nutrients and gasa
acts as endocrine gland and produces HCG, progesterone, estrogen, prostaglandin |
|
|
Term
| Placenta Species Variation |
|
Definition
Ruminants-cotyledonary
Carnivores-zonary
Pigs and Horses- diffuse
Primate and Rodents-discoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incidental finding in ruminants
red plaques that extend from cotyledons
compensatory mechanism for inadequate development of placentomes (acquired or congenital) |
|
|
Term
| Mineralized Yolk Sac Remnant |
|
Definition
incidental finding in horse
yolk sac remnant on umbilical cord
becomes mineralized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incidental findings in bovine
multiple, white raised circulate plaques present on fetal side
stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
incidental finding in horse
rubbery flattened large discs
end result of aggregation of sediments of allantoic fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetus dies and is not expelled
fetus dehydrates, becomes firm, and discolored by hemoglobin
due to twinning, BVB, trichomoniasis, canine herpesvirus, torsion, parvovirus
tissue is well preserved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
liquefaction of fetus due to bacterial infection
associated endometritis/pyometra
tissue is autolytic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes early embyronic death, abortion, neonatal death
causes placentitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, endocarditis
causes orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetal/neonatal fatal hemorrhagic disease
neonate less than 2 weeks old
disseminated necrosis and hemorrhage of organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affects fetus/neonate less than 6 weeks old
causes myocarditis, panleukopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
zoonotic, seen in cows
reportable
causes abortion with spread through birth fluids and milk
tends to persist
bacteremia from earlier infection recurs during parturition and sheds it in colostrum
late gestation abortion
thickened intercotyledonary area with edema and fibrinonecrotic inflammation of placenta
see pneumonia in fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
may cause abortion in last trimester
interstitial nephritis and necrotizing hepatitis of fetus
find organism in kidney and antibodies in fetal fluids
few lesions on placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
major cause of abortion in cow at 5-6 months
encephalitis, myositis, myocarditis of fetus
cotyledonary necrotizing placentitis
bovine expels autolyzed fetus in last trimester |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aspergillus fumigaus, Zygomycetes
sporadic
due to forestomach ulceration and hematogenous spread
late term abortion
leathery placenta with necrotic cotyledons
+/- fetal skin lesions
placenta often firmly retained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affects sheep, goats
if infected early in pregnancy=resorption
if infected late in pregnancy=abortion
focal malacia of white matter in fetus
foci of necrosis in multiple organs of fetus
multifocal white cotyledonary necrosis of placenta |
|
|
Term
| Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome |
|
Definition
due to eastern tent caterpillar that feeds on wild cherry tree
causes early and late fetal loss
uveitis, pericarditis, encephalitis of fetus
possibly due to toxin and then secondary bacterial infection
or possibly due to hairs of ETC break gastric mucosa and causes bacteremia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
premature separation of chorio-allantois
emergency because it disrupts foal's oxygen supply before delivery
caused by fescue grass contaminated with endophyte, mycotoxin
remove from pasture 300 days before gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
classic signs in pregnant mare:
agalactia
prolonged gestation
dystocia
placental thickening/edema
infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
important cause of abortion in horses
abortion after 7 months
firm heavy lungs, necrotic hepatitis in fetus
EHV 3 & 4 produce similar sporadic abortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in swine
S-stillborn
M-mummification
E-early embryonic
D-death
I-infertility
due to porcine parvovirs, PRRS, PCV-2, enterovirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pestivirus
fetus less than 5 months=abortion, mummy, malformation
fetus at 5 months=cerebellar hypoplasia, microphtalmia, hypotrichosis, arthrogryposis
fetus older than 5 months= live calves with immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bovine amorphous globosus
structure covered with hair as remnant of twin fetus
attached to placenta of normal twin by a stalk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
persistent flexure/contraction of one or more joints
atrophy of appendicular muscle due to CNS disorder
hereditary, viral, toxins, intrauterine crowding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in sheep
Malformation of the midline
Due to plant toxin of Veratrum californicum
Abnormal gene expression so the splitting of the eyes does not occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in cattle
Accumulation of fluid in the fetus and connective tissue
Pulmonary hypoplasia |
|
|
