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Pig, Respiratory, Urinary
Lab
75
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/21/2012

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Cards

Term
kidney
Definition
bean shaped organs on the posterior dorsal wall of abdominal cavity. produce urine
Term
ureter
Definition
paired tubes that join the kidneys and urinary badder. conduct urine to bladder
Term
urinary bladder
Definition
large sack which is located between two umbilical arteries. used for urine storage
Term
urethra
Definition
transports urine to outside when urinary bladder is emptied.
shorter in females than males
Term
scrotum
Definition
external pouch or sac for testes
Term
testes
Definition
small beans haped male reproductive organs
Term
epididymus
Definition
long coiled tube on testicle for sperm storage
Term
ductus deferens/vas deferens
Definition
ducts which connect the epididymus to urethra. join urethra just anterior to where ureter enters the bladder
Term
inguinal canal*
Definition
passageway through abdominal wall in groin that allows ductus deferens to pass to testes
Term
seminal vesicles*
Definition
small glands that are located near the junction of ductus deferens and urethra
Term
prostate gland
Definition
small gland which surrounds the junction of the ductus deferens and urethra. between seminal vesicles
Term
bulbourethral glands*
Definition
pair of glands near the base of the penis. called cowper's glands and produces seminal fluid
Term
ovaries
Definition
female reproductive organs located on dorsal abdominal wall just posterior to kidneys
Term
uterine/fallopian tubes*
Definition
small ducts between the ovaries and uterine horns that allow eggs to reach uterus
Term
uterine horns
Definition
wider tubes at end of fallopian tubes that allow embryos to develop there.
Term
uterine body
Definition
single wide tube that is the union of the two horns
cervix is at posterior end
Term
vagina*
Definition
most posterior tube of the female tract
Term
genital papilla
Definition
female external genitalia below anus
Term
external nares
Definition
opening connecting nasal cavity to outside of body
Term
nasal cavity
Definition
cavity within nose above palate. divided by nasal septum.
contains olfactory epithelium and warms, moistens and filters air
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
cavities located within skull which lighten skull and serve as resonating chambers for speech
Term
internal nares
Definition
openings at rear of nasal cavity that open to nasopharynx.
Term
pharynx
Definition
the throat
has three regions-nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Term
nasopharynx
Definition
pharynx superior to soft palate. openings of eustachian tubes are here
Term
oropharynx
Definition
portion of pharynx between soft palate and epiglottis. common passageway for digestive and respiratory systems
Term
laryngopharynx
Definition
portion of pharynx lies between hyoid bone and larynx
Term
larynx
Definition
voice box that connect pharynx and trachea. epiglottis covers opening to this.
Term
trachea
Definition
reenforced tube taht carries air to lungs
Term
hilus
Definition
root of the lung. located where bronchi and blood vessels enter the lung. where lung is attached to body
Term
primary bronchi
Definition
two tubes which split from trachea
Term
secondary bronchi
Definition
second tubes after main bronchi split
Term
bronchioles
Definition
fourth bronchi tube split that leads to alveoli
Term
alveoli
Definition
sacs lind with simple squamous epithelium. form the functional unit of lungs
Term
determinants for volume of inhalation
Definition
age, body size, sex, health
Term
tidal volume
Definition
volume of single normal inhalation
Term
minute volume respiration
Definition
volume of air inhaled per minute
Term
inspiratory reserve volume
Definition
inhalation of very deep breath
Term
expiratory reserve volume
Definition
air that can be forcibly exhaled in addition to tidal volume
Term
residual volume
Definition
1200ml of air remaining in lungs after all other air is exhaled
Term
inspiratory capacity
Definition
total volume of air inhaled after exhalation of tidal volume
Term
vital capacity
Definition
maximum amount of air exhaled after deep inhalation
Term
# breaths in three minutes/3
Definition
calculate minute respiratory volume
Term
subtract tidal volume from inspiratory capacity
Definition
calculate inspiratory reserve
Term
renal cortex
Definition
superficial layer of kidney. aids in filtering of blood. dense blood vessels
Term
renal medulla
Definition
inner layer of kidney
Term
renal pyramid
Definition
darker conical regions found in renal medulla. majority of tubules of nephrons occur here
Term
renal colums
Definition
inward extensions of renal cortex that separate renal pyramids
Term
renal papillae
Definition
tips at base of renal pyramids which project into minor calyx. drains urine from pyramids to minor calyx
Term
minor calyx
Definition
cup shaped cavity at base of renal papilla. drains urine from the renal papillae into major calyx
Term
major calyx
Definition
cavity formed by convergence of several minor calyces. drains urine into renal pelvis
Term
renal pelvis
Definition
funnel shaped cavity where major calyces converge and join uretere
Term
ureter
Definition
conducts urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
Term
renal capsule
Definition
connective tissue covering external surface of kidney
Term
suggests infection of urinary tract
Definition
leukocytes
Term
suggests urinary tract infection b/c it is formed by bacteria in urine
Definition
nitrite
Term
actute-severe emotional stress, strenuous exercise, or fever
chronic-diabetes, malaria, heart disease high blood pressure, sickle cell anemia, pregnancy
Definition
protein-albumin
Term
diabetes mellitus, kidney damage, or stress
Definition
glucose
Term
low carb diet, starvation, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Definition
ketones
Term
from breakdown of bilirubin. indicates liver damage or blockage of flow of gallbladder
Definition
urobilinogen
Term
breakdown of red blood cells. liver damage, blockage of gallbladder
Definition
bilirubin
Term
kidney damage caused by inflammation, kidney stones, kindey disease, or trauma.
Definition
blood
Term
cells in urine
Definition
sloughing off of epithelium from urinary tract
Term
casts
Definition
hardened proteins and cells that form plugs. formed in acidic urine.
Term
crystals
Definition
minerals that crystallize in urine. kidney stones or metabolic problem
Term
transitional epithelial cells
Definition
rough cuboidal cells from ureters, kidney
Term
squamous epithelieal cells
Definition
flat nucleated cells from urethra
Term
erythrocytes
Definition
RBC found from kidney damage
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
nucleated WBC from UTI
Term
Erythrocyte cast
Definition
RBC in shape of tube or duct
Term
leukocyte cast
Definition
WBC in tube or plug
Term
granular cast
Definition
cells that degenerated then formed a cast
Term
hyaline cast
Definition
cast of RBC, WBC, and fat
Term
calcium oxalate
Definition
green crystals in form of octahedron
Term
uric acid
Definition
yellow to red/brown, highly polymorphic
Term
calcium phosphate
Definition
6-8 sided prisms single or rose shape
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