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Physiotherapy 2 Test 2
Ultrasound-Cryotherapy PCC Palmer Stachenotes
31
Anatomy
Graduate
01/10/2012

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Cards

Term
What time should you use for ultrasound?
Definition
8 minute minimum
Term
How large of an area should you treat with direct ultrasound?
Definition
2-4x the head, move in slow circles
Term
With ultrasound heat should be used with acute of chronic edema?
Definition
Chronic
Term
If you want to target deeper tissue with ultrasound, would you use 3 Mhz or 1 Mhz?
Definition
1Mhz
Term
Continuous ultrasound is better for (acute/chronic) edema, while pulsed ultrasound is preffered for (acute/chronic) edema?
Definition
Acute=50% or 20% pulsed
Chronic=Continuous 100%
Term
When would you use underwater ultrasound?
Definition
When the head won't contact the skin, such as around bony prominences
Term
What is the piezoelectric effect?
Definition
Mechanical defformation of a crystal causes an ellectric current to form.
Term
How about the reverse piezoelectric effect?
Definition
AC current is passed through a crystal, resulting in very fast contraction and expansion of the crystal which produce high frequency sound waves.
Term
What is the frequency range for an ultrasound machine?
Definition
.8Mhz-3Mhz
Term
ERA
Definition
Effective Radiating Area
area of the soundhead that produces sound head.
Always smaller than the size of the ultrasound head.
Idealy only slightly smaller
Term
BNR
Definition
Beam nonuniformity Ratio
Ratio between the average intensity of the ultrasound beam across the ERA divided by the peak intensity of the ultrasound beam.
Ideal 1:1
Acceptable 2:1-6:1
Term
PAMBNR
Definition
Peak Area of the Maximum Beam Nonuniformity Ratio
area of the sound head covered by peak intensity.
Larger PAMBNR means less uniform heating
Term
Ultrasound
More watts = More (penetration/heating)
Definition
Heating
(amplitude is amount of sound energy,frequency adjusts depth)
Term
Nonthermal efffects of ultrasound
Definition
stimulates fibroblast activity
increases blood flow
increases protiens associated with injury repair
Term
Acoustical streaming
Definition
movement of fluids along cell membraneds due to mechanical pressure exerted by sound waves.
Term
Unique contraindications of ultrasound
Definition
over ischemic areas
over thrombosis areas
Term
Why worry about the patellar tendon during ultrasound in the area?
Definition
It heats faster and stays hot longer than muscle.
Term
What the heck is Phonophoresis?
Definition
Uses sound energy to drive medication into the tissue.
(is does not need to have a charge)
Term
LIPUS
Definition
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultra Sound
stimulates fracture healing
home units, 1x/day/20min
Term
MIST Therapy
Definition
Wound cleaning and debridement.
Ultrasound propels sterile saline across wound
stimulates healing
Term
Diathermy
Definition
Uses high frequency electromagnetic energy for deep heating
Term
Traditional Indications for continuous Diathermy
Definition
osteoarthritis
Chronic pain
muscles spasm
TMJ disorder
Reduce congestion in lungs/sinuses
Term
Traditional indications for pulsed diathermy
Definition
ankle sprain
bursitis
whiplash
wound healing
fracture?
Acute pain
Term
Capacitor electrodes produce _____ and induction electrodes produce _____ with regards to diathermy.
Definition
Electrical fields
Magnetic fields
Term
Frequencies of shortwave diathermy
Definition
13.56 MHz 22m wavelength
27.12 MHz 11m wave (most common)
40.68 HHz 7.5m wave (rarely used)
Term
Microwave diathermy frequency
Definition
2450
Term
Since diathermy has the greatest effect in tissues with few dipoles, what is heated more, muscle or subQ fat?
Definition
SubQ fat
Term
LASER stands for
Definition
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Term
Major hazard classes of laser, with examples
Definition
Type 1-laser printers and CD players
Type 2-laser pointers
Type 3a-laser pointers
Type 3b-spectrometry, light shows, therapudic lasers
Type 4-industy, surgery, research
Term
What is collimation>
Definition
No divergence
Term
What is coherence?
Definition
all same wavelength, in phase
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