Term
| What is the functional unit of a muscle |
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Definition
| Alpha motor neuron plus all muscle fibers it innervate |
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Term
| What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does a Sarcomere exist |
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Definition
| Between Z bands or Z lines |
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Term
| What band of muscle does light not pass through, contains myosin, and remains the same with contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What band of muscle does light pass through, only has actin, and shortens with contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What band of muscle contains only myosin has no overlap with Actin and disappears with contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Under "HI" contraction the ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the covering of a muscle fiber |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the covering of a muscle fascicle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what covers the entire muscle |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Prior to contraction what is actin bound to |
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Definition
| the troponin portion of troponin tropomyosin complex |
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Term
| Prior to contraction what is myosin bound to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is Ca initially released from to initiate contraction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When Ca from the presynaptic knob is released what happens inside the synaptic knob? |
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Definition
| Ach (acetylcholine) is released and crosses synapse into the muscle |
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Term
| When Ach crosses the synapse into the muscle what is picks it up? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When the t-tubules pick up the Ach where does it go and what does it do |
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Definition
| it goes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release intramuscular Ca |
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Term
| Intramuscular calcium when it is release will bind to |
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Definition
| troponin and releasing actin |
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Term
| Intramuscular calcium will convert ATP to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When there is contraction the myosin heads __ to allow the actin filaments to __ |
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Definition
| cock in power stroke; slide causing muscle contraction |
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Term
| The primary breakdown of AcH in muscle contraction is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The secondary breakdown of Ach is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 1 molecule of acetylcholinesterase will break down __ Ach |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happens if there is no AcH |
|
Definition
no intramuscular Ca released
actin is bound to troponin-tropomyosin complex
ATP is bound to myosin |
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Term
| What is contraction with no joint movement? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is contraction against gravity |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is contraction with constant speed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What contraction will shorten the muscle belly? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What contraction will lengthen the muscle belly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What contraction will produce the most strength? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathology will cause a stoppage of Ach release? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the first and second sign of clostridium botulinum |
|
Definition
| double vision (diplopia) ; death |
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|
Term
| Where is clostridium botulinum found? |
|
Definition
| raw honey (floppy baby syndrome) |
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|
Term
| What pathology has an autoimmune reaction to AcH receptors? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What organ is responsible for myasthenia gravis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What pathology blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters and generally produces a lock jaw |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In clostridium tetanae neurotransmitter GABA will effect the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In clostridium tetanae neurotransmitter Glycine will effect the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When there is an increase of ADP instead of ATP over time what pathology will occur |
|
Definition
| Rigamortis (muscle contraction alone) |
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Term
| What attaches to dence bodies from one cell to another in smooth muscle contraction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| There is no ___ in smooth muscle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does calcium bind to in smooth muscle contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When calmodulin/calcium complex joins with myosin kinase what will be activated? |
|
Definition
| regulatory light chain of myosin |
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Term
| In cases of smooth muscle relaxation what is used to break the contraction? |
|
Definition
| myosin phosphatase/calcium pump |
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Term
| Skeletal muscle activation is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Skeletal muscle strength is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the energy required to sustain a skeletal muscle contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Smooth muscle activation is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth muscle strength is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of muscle contraction uses the latch mechanism |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of muscle contraction has the calcium channels more involved |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of muscle contraction has the sodium channels more involved |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of skeletal muscle relaxation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes smooth muscle relaxation |
|
Definition
| myosin phosphatase and calcium pump |
|
|
Term
| What muscle contraction uses troponin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle contraction uses calmodulin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers would a marathon runner use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers with a sprinter or weightlifter use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers have red color due to myoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers have white collar due to lack of myoglobin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of fibers use more mitochondria |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers use a aerobic glycolysis and the Krebs cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of glycolysis do fast twitch fibers use |
|
Definition
| anaerobic (short term energy) |
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers use more glycolytic enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a loss of temperature through contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes airwaves cooling off an object like coffee or soup |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you normally give off heat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What describes perspiration a pseudomotor activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is initiated from what nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What use is muscarinic receptors in response to AcH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diffusion uses a carrier proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two types of gates used in facilitated diffusion |
|
Definition
Voltage gate
Ligand gating |
|
|
Term
| electrical charge openings gate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| bind chemical with proteins to open gate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary active transport requires what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary active transport is also known as |
|
Definition
| Cotransport to save energy |
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Term
| Hey high concentration of ___ will carry molecules such as amino acids and glucose into the cell |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is described as a high concentration to lower concentration such as water leaving the collecting duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What autonomic impulses are controlled by sympathetic nervous system (4 exceptions) and respond to epinepherine and norepinepherine |
|
Definition
| Sweat, Pili erectae, capillary of skin, and arteriole of muscle |
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|
Term
| What transports excitatory impulses in the CNS |
|
Definition
| ACH, norepinephrine, epinephrine, glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin |
|
|
Term
| What does glutamate act on in the excitatory CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does dopamine act on in the excitatory CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effects the left brain with depression in the transmission of impulses in the excitatory CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used in the neuromuscular junction of the PNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used in the autonomic nervous system in the PNS |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What two receptors do ACH activate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptor uses effector cells of the parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptors are skeletal muscle fibers and pre-ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic used in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When you have an increased hydrostatic pressure what will happen to the lymphatic flow? |
|
Definition
| increased (getting fatty acids out) |
|
|
Term
| An increased oncotic pressure will cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased oncotic pressure will cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What measures the amount of ions in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What controls osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is a decreased osmotic pressure what happens to the sodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if there is a increased osmotic pressure what will happen to the sodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle fibers that are slow twitch 100 ms the fire used in endurance and krebs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are hybrid muscle fibers aka fast twitch oxadating fibers that take 50 ms to fire and use Krebs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fast twitch anarobic fibers that take 25 ms to fire |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 2b convert to 2A muscle fibers with __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which fibers would a couch potatoe have the most of |
|
Definition
| 2b fibers all white fibers |
|
|
Term
| Most smooth muscle fibers are __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What smooth muscle fibers are single unit? |
|
Definition
| iris of the eye; pili erectae tissue |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic nervous system reactions are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscarinic reactions are __ |
|
Definition
| autonomic parasympathetic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ANS and skeletal muscles (relaxing to smoke) |
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