Term
| Blood from the upper extremity enters the heart through the___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood from the lower extremity enters the heart through the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ drains the lumbars to the SVC |
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Definition
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Term
| The azygos vein travels from ___ to the SVC on the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The accessory drainage of the left side is done primarily by the ____ and joins the azygos vein at ___ |
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Definition
| hemiazygos vein and joins the azygos at T8 |
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Term
| In the right atrium __ of the blood flows in passively to the right ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of the blood is needed for atrial contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| What starts at the sino-atrial node in the crista terminalis of the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| After the p wave occurs ____ happens |
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Definition
| tricuspid closes and the impulse is sent to the AV Node |
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Term
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Definition
| when the ventricles are filled |
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Term
| When the SA node impulse to the AV node is delayed what is happening |
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Definition
| ventricular tension is built up (isovolumetric contraction) |
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Term
| AV nodal delay is also known as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| After isovolumetric contraction there is ventricular ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventricular depolarization is also known as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mid systole occurs when ____ |
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Definition
| there is enough pressure to open the semilunar valves to force blood into the pulmonary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only 2 arteries to carry deoxygenated blood? |
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Definition
| pulmonary arteries and the umbilical artery in fetus |
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Term
| Blood sent to the lungs is oxygenated via the ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many oxygen molecules bind to a hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| How much hemoglobin is saturated with O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| After the semilunar valves close |
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Definition
| there is isovolumetric relaxation |
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Term
| Isovolumetric relaxation is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood exit the lungs via the ___ into the |
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Definition
| pulmonary vein; left atrium |
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Term
| What vein has the most oxygenated blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the pulmonary vein charges an oxygen before it gets into the left atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect causes CO2 to be blown off |
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Definition
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Term
| In the left atrium __ blood passively flows into the left ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the remaining 20% enter into the left ventricle |
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Definition
| the p wave; atrial contraction |
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Term
| Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle through what valve |
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Definition
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Term
| The impulse is sent through what structure |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during the P-wave |
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Definition
| Atrial depolarization and the atrium contracts last (20%) gets pushed in |
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Term
| What happened during the PR interval |
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Definition
| Isovolumetric contraction released from the AV node down with AV node delay through the bundle of His into the Purkinje fibers |
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Term
| Where is the moderator band located |
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Definition
| Right bundle of His in septomarginal recess of right ventricle |
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Term
| The Purkinje fibers in the ventricle are 400 times faster than other neurons in the heart due to what factor |
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Definition
| Intercalated disks and gap junctions |
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Term
| What happens in the QRS interval |
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Definition
| Ventricular depolarization in the ventricle contracts (systole) |
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Term
| Where is the atrial repolarization located? |
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Definition
| Hidden under the QRS complex |
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Term
| What structures preevent the AV valves from blowing back from ventricular contraction |
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Definition
| The chordae tendonae and papillary muscles |
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Term
| What part of the QRS interval is sodium leaking into the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the QRS interval is sodium leaking out of the cell |
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Definition
| RS Ventricular depolarization |
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Term
| What happens during the T-wave |
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Definition
| Ventricular repolarization sodium outside the cell potassium inside the cell |
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Term
| What happens during the U wave |
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Definition
| Repolarization of the papillary muscle and potassium out |
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Term
| What staff is there isovolumetric relaxation and no blood in ventricles where the valves are closed |
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Definition
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Term
| An inverted T-wave over altered ST segment is going to indicate what |
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Definition
| Myocardial infarction (blocked electrical pattern = scarring) |
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Term
| What area would be indicative of acute heart failure |
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Definition
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Term
| The electro cardiogram (EKG) prevents the heart from what |
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Definition
| Tetany from slow calcium channels long absolute refractory. Or plateaus making it impossible to fire the heart again |
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Term
| Autorhythmicity is also known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What causes autorhythmicity (heart beating on its own) |
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Definition
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Term
| What nervous system speeds up the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What nervous system slows down the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary heart block will show what on the EKG |
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Definition
| Elongation of the PR interval |
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Term
| Secondary heart block will show what |
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Definition
| Winkbocks phenomena elongation of the PR interval until 2 atrial depolarization show up |
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Term
| What is a complete heart block |
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Definition
| Also known as a bundle branch block no pattern to the EKG or a random EKG |
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Term
| In CHF patients the blood backs up to the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| In CHF patients the back up of blood to the left ventricle causes ____ |
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Definition
| ventricular hypertrophy (to make the heart stronger) |
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Term
| If blood is continued to be backed up into the left ventricle what happens |
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Definition
| blood is backed up into the left atrium and then into the lungs via the pulmonary vein |
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Term
| if there is a back up of blood into the lungs what are the conditions that could happen (3 things) |
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Definition
pulmonary edema/pulmonary hypertension
exertional dypnea
can't lay down (fluid in lungs) |
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Term
| What continues to back up into the right ventricle what possibly could happen |
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Definition
| Right-sided heart failure |
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Term
| What is the main cause of CHF? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the second main cause of CHF? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the main cause of right sided Heart failure |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the main cause of isolated right-sided heart failure |
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Definition
| Cor pulmonale (COPD, emphysema, pneumonia, etc) |
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Term
| If right-sided heart failure backs up into the superior vena cava what happens |
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Definition
| pulsations of jugular vein |
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Term
| If right-sided heart failure backs up into the inferior vena cava what happenes |
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Definition
| Backs up to legs and liver via the common iliac and the external iliac |
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Term
| The back up of blood into the internal iliac veins will cause |
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Definition
| varicocele (back up of blood in the pudendal area) |
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Term
| If back up of blood goes through the external iliac vein through the femoral vein on the medial side what will it cause |
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Definition
| back up into the great saphenous vein on the medial side of the foot |
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Term
| If back up of blood goes through the external iliac vein through the popliteal vein on the lateral side what will it cause |
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Definition
| back up into the greater and lesser saphenous vein and patient will have pitting edema |
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Term
| Early stages of CHF will exhibit what symptom |
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Definition
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Term
| Late stages of CHF will cause what symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is a back up of blood into the IVC what is the pathway it would back up through the liver |
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Definition
| heptaic vein, liver, central vein, portal vein, into the abdomen |
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Term
| If there is a back up of blood through the liver what will it cause |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the portal vein equal to |
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Definition
| Superior mesenteric vein + Splenic/Lineal Vein |
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Term
| What will the patient have if there is portal hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the secondary cause of acities |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of liver failure |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcoholism causes liver failure and what else |
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Definition
| esophageal varicies which causes vomiting of blood |
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Term
| What is the term hematemesis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If a person has esophageal varicies and is an alcoholic what syndrome may they have? |
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Definition
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Term
| If someone has Mallory-Weiss syndrome what deficiency do they have? |
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Definition
| B1 Deficiency, mallory bodies in liver |
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Term
| If someone has a B-1 deficiency due to alcoholism what disease may that cause |
|
Definition
| Wernicke korsakoff syndrome |
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Term
| What is the disease not associated with alcoholism that has a B1 deficiency |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during the S1 heart out |
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Definition
| AV valves close during systole isometric contraction |
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Term
| What happened during the S2 Heart Sound |
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Definition
| Semi lunar valves close (diastole) relaxation |
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|
Term
| What happens during S3 heart sound |
|
Definition
| Ventricular filling normal in children; abnormal in adults ventricular gallop |
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|
Term
| What happens during S4 heart sound |
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Definition
| Similar to S3 heard in diastole (atrial gallop) normal in athletes abnormal in others |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is end diastolic filling time |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an echocardiogram do? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aortic Regurgitation mitral stenosis |
|
|
Term
| What does PRTS stand for? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonic regurgitation tricuspid stenosis |
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|
Term
| If arms and prts occurs in systole what do you do |
|
Definition
| Change regurgitation and stenosis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tunica muscularis (media) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary vein contains the ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the greatest resistance to pressure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the greatest cross-sectional area |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Coronary arteries dilate and constrict due to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other arteries dilate and constrict due to what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is determined by aortic pressure |
|
Definition
| Afterload or systemic hypertension |
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|
Term
| What is the blood pH normal levels |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerves are the carotid sinus afferent and efferent fibers coming from |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the heart: Tetrology of Fallot |
|
Definition
DRIP
Dextroposition of Aorta (transposition of the aorta off the right ventricle)aka-dextrorotation
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Interventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis |
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|
Term
| Marfan's syndrome is commonly seen in what ethnicity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has heart defects, dissecting aneurysm, subluxation of lens of the eye, tall stature, long spiderlike fingers (arachnodactyly) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitral strep pyogene makes what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Valve pathology is seen in |
|
Definition
| Group A lance field, B-Hemolytic strep |
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|
Term
| What is the most common benign tumor of the heart |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Inflammation of the heart is from what |
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Definition
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Term
| The law of physiology that states anterior spinal roots are motor and posterior are sensory |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that stats at constant temperature gas volume is inverse to pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that states at constant pressure gas volume is proportional to absolute temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that states minimum interval of time necessary to electrically stimulate a muscle or nerve fiber using twice the minimum current to elicit a threshold response |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that states membrane potential on the inside of the membrane when 2 Univalent positive ions sodium and potassium and one univalent negative ion chloride are involved |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that states gas solubility in a liquid is proportional to gas pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Law of physiology that states Limits respiratory excursion via the Vegas nerve |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Law of physiology that states the tension in an artery will be proportional to the radius of the vessel |
|
Definition
| LaPlace's Law for arteries |
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|
Term
| Law of physiology that states ventricular pressure depends on muscular tension, size, and shape of the heart |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Law of physiology that states potential level across a membrane exactly opposes net diffusion of particle through the membrane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Law of physiology that state minimum electrical current of an infinite duration elicit a threshold response |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Law of physiology that states cardiac output is equal to venous return |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If Venus return exceeds cardiac output what happenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased sympathetic firing will increase stroke volume which will increase venous return |
|
|
Term
| A decreased venous return will cause |
|
Definition
| an increased BP and a decreased stroke volume and ventricular hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| cardiac output is equal to |
|
Definition
| stroke volume x heart rate |
|
|
Term
| what is the cardiac output if the stroke volume is 70 ml/min and the heart rate is 70 bpm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what creates a long absolute refractory period |
|
Definition
| slow potassium leaking into the cell |
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|
