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Physiology Hormones and glands
Hormones and Glands
74
Anatomy
Professional
08/25/2012

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Term
What is the gland that produces melatonin; required to sleep
Definition
pineal gland
Term
What vitamin is responsible for converting tryptophan to serotonin to melatonin
Definition
b vitamins
Term
What produces releasing factors for stimulation?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
the extension of the hypothalamus forms the ___
Definition
posterior pituitary
Term
The posterior pituitary is also known as
Definition
neurohypophysis
Term
The adenohypophysis is located in what portion of the pituitary
Definition
anterior pituitary
Term
What is the embryology of the anterior pituitary
Definition
rathke's pouch
Term
rathkes pouch is also forms
Definition
roof of the mouth
Term
What is the connection system of the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?
Definition
hypophyseal portal system
Term
The hypophyseal portal system connects the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus by__
Definition
blood
Term
Where is the location of the adenohypophysis
Definition
sella turcica
Term
how many hormones are located in the anterior pituitary
Definition
7
Term
What are the hormones in the anterior pituitary
Definition
ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, MSH, Prolactin, TSH
Term
The neurohypophysis is located in what portion of the pituitary
Definition
posterior
Term
What is the embryology of the posterior pituitary
Definition
diencephalon-hypothalamus
Term
What is the posterior pituitary derived from
Definition
neuroectoderm (infundibulum hypothalami)
Term
What is the connection of the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?
Definition
infundibulum (neural stalk)
Term
What does the infundibulum cover?
Definition
dorsum sellae, sphenoid sella turcica
Term
What is the location of the posterior pituitary
Definition
sella turcica
Term
How many hormones are located in the posterior pituitary
Definition
2
Term
What are the posterior pituitary hormones?
Definition
ADH/vasopressin
Oxytocin
Term
Where is ADH/vasopressin produced and what is it used for?
Definition
supraoptic nucleus and controls h2o balance
Term
If there is a deficiency of ADH/vasopressin what disease could incur
Definition
diabetes insipidus
Term
If there is excess of ADH/vasopressin what could be incurred
Definition
conns syndrome, hypertension, retain water
Term
Where is oxytocin produced
Definition
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Term
What does oxytocin do?
Definition
uterus contraction, milk let down
Term
what stains the anterior pituitary
Definition
acidophils, basophils, chromophils
Term
What is the target organ of ACTH?
Definition
adrenal cortex, zona faciculata
Term
What hormone has an effect on mineral corticoids/glucocorticoids?
Definition
ACTH, adrenocorticotropin
Term
What hormone has an effect on gluconeogenesis when under stress or not eating (breakfast)
Definition
ACTH
Term
What hormone shuts down the immune system?
Definition
ACTH
Term
If there is an excess of ACTH what disease will incur
Definition
cushings syndrome, hypercortisolism
Term
what are some characteristics of cushings syndrome
Definition
moon face, buffalo hump, pendulous abdomen, and purple striae
Term
if there is a deficiency of ACTH what disease will incur
Definition
addisons disease
Term
What are the characteristics of addisons disease
Definition
low bp, hyperpigmentated face and mouth (tan)
Term
What is the target organ of FSH?
Definition
ovary, testes
Term
FSH must be actively inhibited by
Definition
inhibin
Term
What hormone releases primary follicle and estrogen in the proliferative phase in females
Definition
FSH
Term
What hormone stimulates spermatogenesis
Definition
FSH
Term
Where is inhibin made in females
Definition
corpus leuteum
Term
Where is inhibin made in males
Definition
sertoli cells
Term
If there is an excess of FSH what happens
Definition
multiple oocytes
Term
If there is a deficiency of FSH what can happen
Definition
infertility
Term
What is the target organ of growth hormone?
Definition
all tissues except cartilage
Term
Growth hormone is also known as
Definition
somatropin
Term
What hormone burns fat but not carbs
Definition
Growth hormone/somatropin
Term
Where is somatomedin made and what does it do?
Definition
liver, growth hormone for cartilage
Term
Somatostatin release is triggered by
Definition
the hypothalamus
Term
What is somatomedin shut off by?
Definition
somatostatin from the anterior pituitary
Term
If there is an excess of somatotropin or growth hormone before the growth centers close what can happen
Definition
giantism
Term
If there is an excess of somatotropin or growth hormone after the growth centers close what can happen
Definition
acromegaly (acro-extremity)
Term
If there is a deficiency of growth hormone or somatotropin what can happen
Definition
dwarfism
Term
What is the target hormone of LH?
Definition
ovary; testes
Term
What hormone has an effect on ovulation and forms the corpus leuteum to make progesterone in the secretory phase
Definition
LH
Term
What hormone has an effect on testosterone in the interstitial cells of leydig
Definition
LH
Term
If there is an excess of LH what can happen
Definition
it will form the corpus leuteum
Term
If there is a deficiency of LH what can happen
Definition
degenerates corpus leuteum
Term
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) is secreted from
Definition
the pars intermedia
Term
What is the target organ of MSH
Definition
melanocytes
Term
What hormone has an effect of the basement membrane of the epidermis and is stimulated by UV light
Definition
MSH
Term
If there is an excess of MSH what can happen
Definition
hyperpigmentation (CORBIN)
Term
If there is a deficiency of MSH what can happen
Definition
albinism (light hair, no color)
Term
Prolactin has a target organ of
Definition
mammaries
Term
Prolactin's main effect is to
Definition
make milk (must be actively inhibited)
Term
If there is an excess of prolactin then what can happen
Definition
too much milk
Term
What can happen if there is a deficiency of prolactin
Definition
to little milk
Term
What shuts of TSH?
Definition
cortisol
Term
TSH has a target tissue of
Definition
thyroid follicular cells
Term
What hormone maintains BMR (basal metabolic rate)
Definition
TSH
Term
Thyroxine (T4) is made of
Definition
2 tyrosines + 4 iodide
Term
What is triiodothronine made from?
Definition
T4 (thyroxine)
Term
What is more powerful, faster acting, and less abundant
Definition
T3
Term
What can happen if there is an excess of TSH
Definition
hyperthyroidism, graves, thin bulging eyes, exophthalmosis, heat intolerance
Term
What can happen if there is a deficiency of TSH?
Definition
myxedema- hypothyroidism, cretinism, autoimmune-hashimoto's
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