Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Physio final
physio final questions
38
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/10/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the 4 tissues?
Definition

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

Term
ICF (intercellular fluid) composes __% of body weight, and it's primary ion is __________
Definition
40; potassium
Term
ECF (extracellular fluid) composes __% of body weight and its primary ions are _________ and _____________
Definition
Sodium; Calcium
Term
ISF (interstitial fluid) is part of the ____ and composes __% of body weight
Definition
ECF; 15
Term
Homeostasis is...
Definition
 maintenance of stable internal environment within a healthy range despite changes that occur in external environment
Term
Why is homeostasis critical to an organism's functions?
Definition
Because a stable environment means that proteins maintain conformation.  As environment changes, protein conformation changes, leading to a change/loss of function in the protein.
Term
How does negative feedback work?
Definition
Negative feedback works when sensors detect a change from a set point, and go about moving that thing back to that set point.
Term
How does positive feedback work?  Examples?
Definition

When sensors detect a difference from a set point, the controllers move to increase that difference.

 

Action potential works this way.

Term
The Central nervous system is relied on for ___________ and ______________
Definition
fast response time; short term effects
Term

Cell to cell communications is done:

Short range by .....

Long range by....

Definition

Gap junctions which allow chemicals to pass between cells;

Signaling molecules via local chemical mediators, neurotransmitters, or hormones, where the molecules have a receptor.

Term
Electrolytes are ....
Definition
chemicals that dissociate into ions in solution
Term
Ionic solutions have the special property of...
Definition
conducting electricity
Term
The most important ion in the ISF is...
Definition
Na+ (sodium)
Term
The most important ion in the ICF is...
Definition
K+ (potassium)
Term
The most important cation for cell function is...
Definition
Ca++ (calcium)
Term
The most important anion in the ISF...
Definition
Cl- (chlorine)
Term
___________ act as major anions in the ICF
Definition
proteins
Term
Osmolarity is...
Definition
the sum total of all particles in a liter of water, regardless of size, mass or valence.
Term
If osmolarity of the ISF differs from osmolarity of the ICF...
Definition
water moves across the plasma membrane to equalize their osmolarity
Term
Integral/intrinsic proteins ...
Definition
Are proteins which are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, and compose 70% of the membrane proteins
Term
Proteins which span the phospholipid bilayer completely are known as...
Definition
transmembrane proteins
Term
Peripheral and extrinsic proteins ...
Definition
stud the outside or inside surface of the phospholipid bilayers
Term
Some examples of peripheral proteins are...
Definition
Kinases and phosphatases
Term
Simple diffusion allows for the passage of...
Definition
lipid soluble (non polar) and small substances, letting them slide through the plasma membrane
Term
Facilitated diffusion is...
Definition
when diffusion occurs using a carrier protein
Term
Active transport is when...
Definition
substances are transported accross the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient using a carrier protein, utilizing an ATP/GTP in the process
Term
Endocytosis is...
Definition
the infolding of the membrane that allows large molecules to enter.
Term
Exocytosis is...
Definition
When the fusion of a vesicle to the plasma membrane ejects molecules from the cell
Term
The chemical gradient is...
Definition
the difference in concentration of a chemical in one environment and another (inside cell vs outside cell)
Term
Electrical gradient is...
Definition
the difference in charge between one environment and another (inside cell vs outside, think neurons)
Term
leak channels are...
Definition
usually open channels that allow for the free movement of ions
Term
Voltage gated channels ...
Definition
are channels that respond to alterations in membrane potential.
Term
Ligand gated channels ...
Definition
are channels that open when their receptor is bound by a signaling molecule
Term
Mechanically gated channels...
Definition
are channels that open when a cell is mechanically manipulated (stretched, squeezed etc)
Term
Facilitated diffusion occurs when...
Definition
a molecule is too large or polar to cross the plasma membrane on it's own.
Term
Competetive inhibition is when...
Definition
structurally similar molecules compete for the same transportation site on a carrier protein
Term
non-competetive inhibition occurs when...
Definition
compounds change the affinity of a transporter by binding to it on a site other than the normal substrate's binding site.  The carrier protein changes shape, not allowing the substrate to bind.
Term
Rate of diffusion depends on what factors?
Definition

membrane thickness

Solute and specific cell membrane

Molecular size

Electrical charge

Supporting users have an ad free experience!