Term
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Definition
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous |
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Term
| ICF (intercellular fluid) composes __% of body weight, and it's primary ion is __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ECF (extracellular fluid) composes __% of body weight and its primary ions are _________ and _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ISF (interstitial fluid) is part of the ____ and composes __% of body weight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| maintenance of stable internal environment within a healthy range despite changes that occur in external environment |
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Term
| Why is homeostasis critical to an organism's functions? |
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Definition
| Because a stable environment means that proteins maintain conformation. As environment changes, protein conformation changes, leading to a change/loss of function in the protein. |
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Term
| How does negative feedback work? |
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Definition
| Negative feedback works when sensors detect a change from a set point, and go about moving that thing back to that set point. |
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Term
| How does positive feedback work? Examples? |
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Definition
When sensors detect a difference from a set point, the controllers move to increase that difference.
Action potential works this way. |
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Term
| The Central nervous system is relied on for ___________ and ______________ |
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Definition
| fast response time; short term effects |
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Term
Cell to cell communications is done:
Short range by .....
Long range by.... |
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Definition
Gap junctions which allow chemicals to pass between cells;
Signaling molecules via local chemical mediators, neurotransmitters, or hormones, where the molecules have a receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that dissociate into ions in solution |
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Term
| Ionic solutions have the special property of... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important ion in the ISF is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important ion in the ICF is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important cation for cell function is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important anion in the ISF... |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ act as major anions in the ICF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the sum total of all particles in a liter of water, regardless of size, mass or valence. |
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Term
| If osmolarity of the ISF differs from osmolarity of the ICF... |
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Definition
| water moves across the plasma membrane to equalize their osmolarity |
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Term
| Integral/intrinsic proteins ... |
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Definition
| Are proteins which are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, and compose 70% of the membrane proteins |
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Term
| Proteins which span the phospholipid bilayer completely are known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral and extrinsic proteins ... |
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Definition
| stud the outside or inside surface of the phospholipid bilayers |
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Term
| Some examples of peripheral proteins are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Simple diffusion allows for the passage of... |
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Definition
| lipid soluble (non polar) and small substances, letting them slide through the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Facilitated diffusion is... |
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Definition
| when diffusion occurs using a carrier protein |
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Term
| Active transport is when... |
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Definition
| substances are transported accross the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient using a carrier protein, utilizing an ATP/GTP in the process |
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Term
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Definition
| the infolding of the membrane that allows large molecules to enter. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the fusion of a vesicle to the plasma membrane ejects molecules from the cell |
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Term
| The chemical gradient is... |
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Definition
| the difference in concentration of a chemical in one environment and another (inside cell vs outside cell) |
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Term
| Electrical gradient is... |
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Definition
| the difference in charge between one environment and another (inside cell vs outside, think neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
| usually open channels that allow for the free movement of ions |
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Term
| Voltage gated channels ... |
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Definition
| are channels that respond to alterations in membrane potential. |
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Term
| Ligand gated channels ... |
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Definition
| are channels that open when their receptor is bound by a signaling molecule |
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Term
| Mechanically gated channels... |
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Definition
| are channels that open when a cell is mechanically manipulated (stretched, squeezed etc) |
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Term
| Facilitated diffusion occurs when... |
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Definition
| a molecule is too large or polar to cross the plasma membrane on it's own. |
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Term
| Competetive inhibition is when... |
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Definition
| structurally similar molecules compete for the same transportation site on a carrier protein |
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Term
| non-competetive inhibition occurs when... |
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Definition
| compounds change the affinity of a transporter by binding to it on a site other than the normal substrate's binding site. The carrier protein changes shape, not allowing the substrate to bind. |
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Term
| Rate of diffusion depends on what factors? |
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Definition
membrane thickness
Solute and specific cell membrane
Molecular size
Electrical charge |
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