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PHS Academics Anatomy and Phys.
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253
Anatomy
12th Grade
10/08/2010

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Term
Name the regenerative electrical signal use by neuronal axons to carry information to the axon terminal region?
Definition
Action potential
Term
What seven-letter word beginning with 'F' is a hole or opening in a bone through which nerves and blood vessels pass?
Definition
Foramen
Term
In the eyeball
Definition
the anterior chamber behind the cornea contains a clear watery fluid called what?,Aqueous humor
Term
The wrist is what type of joint?
Definition
Pivot (joint)
Term
What name is given to the inner layer of the kidney?
Definition
Medulla
Term
In humans
Definition
where is urine temporarily stored before it is voided?,Bladder
Term
In what part of the body would one find the sciatic nerve?
Definition
Leg
Term
What name is given to the outer layer of the kidney?
Definition
Cortex
Term
A site of countercurrent multiplier systems
Definition
diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide act here. Ending at the macula densa, it is divided into two thin and two thick portions. The descending arm is very permeable to water, but not permeable to salts, while the ascending limb is not permeable to water, but is permeable to salts and later actively reabsorbs them. In the kidney, what name is given to the hairpin loop important in the filtration of the blood?,Loop of Henle
Term
Water
Definition
salts, glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatine are filtered into this small sack which encloses the glomerulus. About one hundredth of the amount of fluid that enters it is transformed into urine; the rest is reabsorbed by the body. What name is given to the double-walled capsule that surrounds a glomerulus in the kidney?,Bowman's (capsule)
Term
What endocrine gland is responsible for regulation of the growth and development of the body?
Definition
Thyroid (gland)
Term
What natural painkiller
Definition
produced by the brain, is three times stronger than morphine?,Endorphin(s)
Term
In the kidney
Definition
the network of capillaries which make up part of a single nephron is called what?,Glomerulus
Term
The sebaceous glands in the human body produce what?
Definition
Oil
Term
The pumping chambers of the heart are called?
Definition
Ventricles
Term
What cranial nerve is associated with the sense of smell?
Definition
Olfactory (nerve)
Term
The first six or so inches of the small intestine is known as what?
Definition
Duodenum
Term
Which term derived from the Latin for 'sacred bone' designates the triangular bone above the coccyx that forms the back of the pelvis?
Definition
Sacrum
Term
Name the two basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Definition
Somatic and Autonomic
Term
What major group of neurons conduct impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands?
Definition
Motor (neurons)
Term
This hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
Definition
and a deficiency in it leads to diabetes insipidus. Produced by cells in the hypothalamus, it does its work in the kidney, where it makes the walls of the renal tubules and collecting ducts more permeable to water so that more can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Name this hormone, which controls the concentration of bodily fluids?,Antidiuretic hormone or ADH
Term
The center of the eyeball contains a transparent jelly-like substance. What is this substance called?
Definition
Vitreous humor
Term
What is the common name of the tympanic membrane?
Definition
Eardrum
Term
What major group of neurons conduct nerve impulses from receptors to the central nervous system?
Definition
Sensory (neurons)
Term
What is the scientific study of the structure of living organisms?
Definition
Morphology
Term
The clear fluid filling the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord is called the?
Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid
Term
The rhythmic movement of the esophagus that moves food along is called?
Definition
Peristalsis
Term
What is the liquid part of the blood that carries blood cells?
Definition
Plasma
Term
Blood passes through the kidneys through what artery?
Definition
Renal (artery)
Term
Bones in the human body all have formal names. What is the more commonly known name for the clavicle bone?
Definition
Collar bone
Term
What gland is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphates in the blood?
Definition
Parathyroid (gland)
Term
What is the largest vein in the body?
Definition
Vena cava
Term
What retinal receptors in the eye permit the perception of colors?
Definition
Cones
Term
Name the three bones that make up the pelvic girdle?
Definition
Pubis, ischium, ileum
Term
What retinal cells in the eye are important for night vision?
Definition
Rods
Term
The nervous system has three parts. The peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system are two of these. Name the third?
Definition
Autonomic (nervous system)
Term
What gland releases epinephrine or adrenaline?
Definition
Adrenal (gland)
Term
In humans it regulates the circadian rhythm via the secretion of its chief product. Name this small endocrine gland that produces melatonin.?
Definition
Pineal (Gland)
Term
ts vessels
Definition
like veins, have valves that prevent the backflow of fluid toward the capillaries, and they depend mainly on the movement of skeletal muscles to squeeze fluid toward the heart. Its nodes are honeycombs of connective tissue with spaces filled by white blood cells. What body system helps drain excess fluids from tissues and returns the fluid to the blood?,Lymphatic (system)
Term
It stimulates milk production in the mammary glands. Name this hormone whose effect must be preceded by the presence of other hormones in the mammary gland tissues?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
In the body
Definition
what functions both as an endocrine and as an exocrine gland?,Pancreas
Term
What type of joint is the shoulder?
Definition
Ball and socket
Term
Name the two basic divisions of the central nervous system?
Definition
Brain and spinal cord
Term
What is the scientific name of the cheek bones in humans?
Definition
Zygomatic Arch or Zygoma
Term
What organ produces bile?
Definition
Liver
Term
What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland? It also controls body temperature?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
The color of human skin is largely due to what pigment?
Definition
Melanin
Term
The hammer and anvil are two of the three bones of the ear which enable a person to hear. What is the third?
Definition
Stapes (stirrup)
Term
The breaking down of food by enzymes makes up which phase of extracellular digestion?
Definition
Chemical
Term
Chewing and grinding make up which phase of extracellular digestion?
Definition
Mechanical
Term
What term beginning with V refers to structures of no apparent use to an organism?
Definition
Vestigial
Term
Name the two basic divisions of the nervous system?
Definition
Central and peripheral
Term
What organs are located in the pleural cavity?
Definition
Lungs
Term
In higher organisms
Definition
what two phases make up extracellular digestion?,Mechanical and chemical
Term
What two-word term refers to the area on the retina where the optic nerve enters and which there is no vision?
Definition
Blind Spot
Term
Name the five main tissues in animals?
Definition
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nerve, Blood
Term
In animals
Definition
what tissue holds tissues and organs together?,Connective (tissue)
Term
It keeps the body in homeostasis through neural signals to the autonomic nervous system or endocrine signals sent in conjunction with the pituitary. These signals regulate body heat
Definition
fluid intake, and body weight, the latter by monitoring the body's "set-point". The name of what region indicates it lies below another brain structure?,Hypothalamus
Term
Muscle tissue is divided into three main types. Name them?
Definition
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
Term
What tissue lines the internal organs of animals?
Definition
Epithelial (tissue)
Term
What protein is produced by boiling bones and hides?
Definition
Gelatin (collagen)
Term
Name the two divisions of the human skeleton?
Definition
Axial, appendicular
Term
What name is given to the place on the heart that produces and controls the human heartbeat?
Definition
Sinoatrial Node
Term
The first protein ever viewed in three dimensions by X-ray crystallography
Definition
it is common in the slow-twitch muscle fibers and is released into the bloodstream when a muscle is damaged, and thus a test for it can confirm muscle injury. The changing affinity for water in this molecule's reduced iron atom governs the changing color of meat. Name the conjugated protein of vertebrate muscle fibers that holds oxygen more tightly than its blood-borne cousin, hemoglobin?,Myoglobin
Term
What term refers to the deliberate termination a pregnancy before the fetus is born?
Definition
Abortion
Term
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Definition
Reabsorption of water
Term
What name is given to the functional unit of the kidney?
Definition
Nephron
Term
What tube connects the middle ear to the back of the throat?
Definition
Eustachian (tube)
Term
Eggs pass from the ovaries to the uterus through what structures?
Definition
Fallopian tubes
Term
What name is given to the soft red or yellow material found inside the cavity of a bone?
Definition
Marrow
Term
What name is given to the shaft of long bones?
Definition
Diaphysis
Term
In humans
Definition
it increases in weight in the first two years of life, and from then until puberty grows slowly to a weight of about 1.5 ounces. After puberty, it shrinks gradually and its lymphatic tissue is replaced by fat, though it also contains a few small areas of epithelial tissue known as Hassall's corpuscles. Name this gland, which is located just beneath the upper portion of the sternum in almost all vertebrates, in which T cells mature and from which those cells derive their name?,Thymus
Term
What part of the brain coordinates nerve impulses relating to the senses of sight
Definition
hearing, touch, and taste?,Thalamus
Term
What organ near the stomach makes and stores red blood cells?
Definition
Spleen
Term
The small intestine joins the large intestine in an area containing the appendix known as what?
Definition
Cecum
Term
What bones beginning with a P make up the top and back of the skull just above the occipital bone?
Definition
Parietal bones
Term
During embryonic development
Definition
the developing organism after the gastrula stage is referred to by what term?,Fetus
Term
What term refers to the fluid-filled sac in joints which reduces friction between the bones?
Definition
Bursa
Term
Final digestion of foods in humans occurs where?
Definition
Small intestine
Term
Name the three divisions of the small intestine?
Definition
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
Pepsin
Definition
secreted by the stomach, and trypsin, secreted by the pancreas, aid in the digestion of what group of foods?,Proteins
Term
What acid is secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion?
Definition
Hydrochloric
Term
What name is given to the digestive secretions in the stomach?
Definition
Gastric
Term
What name is given to the sphincter that controls the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine?
Definition
Pyloric (sphincter)
Term
What name is given to the sphincter that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach?
Definition
Cardiac (sphincter)
Term
What name is given to the skeleton composed only of the skull
Definition
vertebrae, and thorax?,Axial
Term
What digestive enzyme containing amylase which digests starch is secreted in the oral cavity?
Definition
Saliva
Term
What name is given to the process by which gases are exchanged in the alveoli of the lungs?
Definition
Indirect respiration
Term
What hormone is secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?
Definition
Glucagon or Insulin
Term
What is the scientific name for the white blood cells?
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
What part of the brain is responsible for controlling temperature regulation mechanisms?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
What liquid secreted by the liver emulsifies fat?
Definition
Bile
Term
The cerebellum is most important with respect to its control over ..?
Definition
Balance
Term
What name is given to the part of a neuron that carries messages away to the nerve cell body?
Definition
Dendrite
Term
Endorphins are a class of chemicals that are similar in structure and effect to opiate drugs. They are produced by what gland?
Definition
Pituitary
Term
What is the scientific name for the knee cap?
Definition
Patella
Term
What is the scientific name for the shin bone?
Definition
Tibia
Term
What is the scientific name for the breast bone?
Definition
Sternum
Term
What is the scientific name for the ankle bone?
Definition
Talus
Term
What is the name of the canal between the pinna and the tympanic membrane?
Definition
Auditory (canal)
Term
What is the scientific name for the upper jaw?
Definition
Maxilla
Term
The meninges covering the brain and spinal column consist of three layers. The innermost layer is the ..?
Definition
Pia Mater
Term
What name is given to the soft spot on top of a baby's head?
Definition
Fontanel
Term
What name is given to the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Definition
Ureter
Term
What name is given to the part of a neuron that carries messages away from the nerve cell body?
Definition
Axon
Term
What term beginning with a 'B' refers to the ability to walk on two legs rather than four?
Definition
Bipedal(ism)
Term
Name the large artery in the neck?
Definition
Carotid
Term
Their name comes from the Latin for 'little cavity'
Definition
which is appropriate because they have a radius of 0.1 millimeters. There are hundreds of millions of these small spherical structures in the body, and they have a total surface area of almost 100 square meters. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious disease, which can lead to the collapse of these structures, which are surrounded by capillaries. Which term refers to the thousands of microscopic air sacs found in the lungs of a mammal?,Alveoli
Term
Name the upper leg bone?
Definition
Femur
Term
Damage to this area results in a 'telegraphic' type of communication. Though Marc Dax may have identified this locus earlier
Definition
it is named after the man who studied the brains of Lelong and Leborgne. Name this part of the brain which is connected by the arcuate fasciculus to Wernicke's area, an area involved with the motor functions of speech?,Broca's area
Term
A longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into two halves called ..?
Definition
Hemispheres
Term
Which term that begins with the letter D is used to describe the back surface of an organism?
Definition
Dorsal
Term
The pons connects what two areas of the brain?
Definition
Medulla oblongata and midbrain
Term
Muscles that straighten two bones at joints are called extensors. What is the name for muscles that cause two bones to bend at joints?
Definition
Flexors
Term
What is the name of the two cranial bones on the base of the head?
Definition
Occipital (bones)
Term
What is the name of the two cranial bones on the top back of the head?
Definition
Parietal (bones)
Term
What is the name of the two cranial bones on the sides of the head?
Definition
Temporal (bones)
Term
What name is given to the two cranial bones that make up the forehead?
Definition
Frontal
Term
What name are given to the two boney ridges above the eyes?
Definition
Supraorbital (ridges)
Term
What is the scientific name for the smaller lower leg bone?
Definition
Fibula
Term
Name the large vein in the neck?
Definition
Jugular
Term
Name the two lower arm bones?
Definition
Ulna, radius
Term
Name the upper arm bone?
Definition
Humerus
Term
How many bones are in the human body?
Definition
206
Term
The brain's reticular activating system helps maintain ..?
Definition
Wakefulness (Consciousness)
Term
Marsupials are distinguished by their lack of this structure
Definition
while in patients suffering from ADHD its bulk is slightly diminished. The section curving forward from the genu into the frontal lobe is called the Forceps minor, while its underside forms the roof of the lateral ventricles. Lying at the bottom of the cerebral longitudinal fissure, it is composed of more than 200 million transverse nerve fibers, and its primary function was discovered in the 1950s when experiments by Myers and Sperry indicated that, this thick band of white matter connects the two hemispheres of the brain?,Corpus callosum
Term
The central core of the brain includes four primary structures. Two of these are the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. What are the other two?
Definition
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Term
What name is given to the gap between neurons?
Definition
Synapse
Term
What name beginning with 'T' is given to the chest region of an animal?
Definition
Thorax
Term
What is the scientific name for the heel?
Definition
Calcaneus
Term
Serotonin is one kind of brain chemical that carries nerve impulses across the synapse. They alos include biogenic amines such as norepinephrine and dopamine. What is the scientific term applied to such chemicals?
Definition
Neurotransmitters
Term
What structure is found in Chordates and consists of a solid rod that during development is replaced by the vertebral column?
Definition
Notochord
Term
What is the scientific name for the big toe?
Definition
Hallux
Term
What name is given to the upper part of the stomach?
Definition
Fundus
Term
What name are given to glands that have ducts
Definition
such as the tear glands?,Exocrine
Term
What is the scientific name for the lower jaw?
Definition
Mandible
Term
What name are given to glands that have no ducts but empty directly into the blood stream?
Definition
Endocrine
Term
Difficulties with swallowing and gag reflex can indicate damage to the lateral portion of this process
Definition
from which seven of the cranial nerves emerge. Connected by the pons to the midbrain, this constituent of the brainstem merges with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum. Identify this lowest part of the brain, a controller of autonomic nervous functions that lies anterior to and coordinates movement with the cerebellum?,Medulla oblongata
Term
Name the hormone that causes the active absorption of sodium ions in the nephron?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
What kinds of cells form new bone tissue?
Definition
Osteoblasts
Term
What structure is responsible for the synthesis of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?
Definition
Hypothalamus (pituitary only stores it)
Term
What mineral's concentration is regulated by parathyroid hormone?
Definition
Calcium
Term
What branch of science is used by police to provide technical information from the crime scene?
Definition
Forensic(s)
Term
What name is given to the very center of the retina which contains only cones?
Definition
Fovea
Term
What major division of the Peripheral Nervous System carries impulses to various internal organs?
Definition
Autonomic
Term
Name the chamber of the mammalian heart which pumps oxygenated blood to the general body circulation?
Definition
Left ventricle
Term
Which term that begins with the letter V refers to the finger-like projections inside the small intestine?
Definition
Villi
Term
What name is given to the phospholipids sheath which surrounds an axon and serves as a sort of insulator?
Definition
Myelin (sheath)
Term
The most ancient part of the forebrain is the R-complex. For what does the 'R' stand?
Definition
Reptilian
Term
What division of the Peripheral Nervous System carries impulses to the sense organs and muscles?
Definition
Somatic
Term
Overproduction of endolymph in this organ can lead to a condition know as Meniere's disease. Here
Definition
shearing causes stereocilia to pivot at their base, which in turn causes the opening of ion channels and release of neurotransmitter. A gelatinous, spiral shaped mass, its over twenty thousand outer hair cells are rooted in the tectorial membrane. These cells amplify tiny movements of the basilar membrane of the cochlea; if the movement of this membrane is too harsh, its hair cells can die, leading to deafness. Name this organ of the inner ear where sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses?,Organ of Corti
Term
Name the only vein that carries oxygenated blood?
Definition
Pulmonary (vein)
Term
What name beginning with an 'A' refers to the digestive canal from the mouth to the anus
Definition
through which food passes, is digested and leaves the body as waste?,Alimentary (Canal)
Term
'Ovum' is the scientific term for what?
Definition
Egg
Term
The collarbone is more correctly referred to as what?
Definition
Clavicle
Term
On what organ is the adrenal gland found?
Definition
Kidney
Term
What endocrine gland is known as the 'Master Gland'?
Definition
Pituitary
Term
What endocrine gland produces insulin?
Definition
Pancreas
Term
Name the two basic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Term
What major body system acts as a reservoir for certain minerals such as calcium and phosphorus?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
In 1921 this hormone became the first to be artificially produced. Name this hormone?
Definition
Insulin
Term
Which part of the brain controls involuntary body functions?
Definition
Medulla (oblongata)
Term
Of B-cells and T-cells
Definition
which produce antibodies?,B-cells
Term
What organ secretes lipase
Definition
the enzyme that digests fat?,Pancreas
Term
Which part of the brain maintains balance and coordination of muscle movement?
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
Which human organ is found in the pericardial cavity?
Definition
Heart
Term
When not stimulated
Definition
what charge does the outside of a neuron have?,Positive
Term
What group of muscle cells may be multinucleated?
Definition
Skeletal
Term
Skeletal and cardiac muscle contain a Z line with filaments extending in either direction. What proteins make up these filaments?
Definition
Actin
Term
It is responsible for slowing down the heartbeat
Definition
diverting blood from the muscles to the stomach and contracting the pupils of the eyes. Name this part of the autonomic nervous system?,Parasympathetic (Nervous System)
Term
In humans
Definition
each lung is encased in a thin membranous sac called what?,Pleura
Term
When stimulated
Definition
what charge does the outside of a neuron have?,Negative
Term
What substance is produced in the muscles during strenuous exercise when the blood cannot deliver enough oxygen to the muscles which must obtain energy anaerobically?
Definition
Lactic acid
Term
Skeletal and cardiac muscles contain a dark or A band that is composed of what protein?
Definition
Myosin
Term
Its outermost component is separated into two layers
Definition
which create the trigeminal cave of Meckel containing the ganglion of Gasser. This part lies above another membrane, which the ventricular system interacts with through the apertures of Magendie and Luschka. This part gets its name from the cobweb-like trabeculae that crisscross its space. The final, innermost part interacts, via cisterns filled with cerebrospinal fluid, with the organ that this complex protects. Composed of the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, identify this connective tissue membrane that protects the brain?,Meninges
Term
What gland controls rate of metabolism and physical and mental development and controls calcium metabolism?
Definition
Thyroid
Term
What gland produces LH
Definition
FSH, ACTH, and vasopressin?,Pituitary
Term
What gland produces hormones that regulate the insulin levels in the blood?
Definition
Pancreas
Term
What gland produces hormones that promote glucose formation
Definition
that control water and salt balance, and that increase the heart rate?,Adrenal
Term
What hormone secreted by the thyroid gland controls calcium metabolism?
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
What hormone secreted by the pituitary controls narrowing of arteries and water absorption in kidneys?
Definition
Vasopressin
Term
What hormone secreted by the pituitary stimulates the contraction of uterus?
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
What hormone secreted by the thyroid gland controls the rate of metabolism and physical and mental development?
Definition
Thyroxin
Term
What hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland regulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood?
Definition
Parathormone
Term
This hormone promotes the breakdown of protein and the metabolism of fat in the body. It also raises the concentration of blood sugar by promoting the breakdown of glycogen
Definition
in essence opposing the action of insulin. It is produced in two distinct forms, one of which is gastrointestinal. Name this pancreatic hormone produced in the islets of Langerhans?,Glucagon
Term
What sex hormone controls female secondary sex characteristics?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
What sex hormone controls male secondary sex characteristics?
Definition
Testosterone
Term
What sex hormone is important in the Embryo-mother relationship?
Definition
Progesterone
Term
What endocrine gland
Definition
located under the sternum, is important in the immune system?,Thymus
Term
What name is given to the process by which the eye increases optical power to maintain a clear image (focus) on the retina?
Definition
Accommodation
Term
Identify the nutrient that supplies the body with energy and also helps support and cushion vital organs in the body?
Definition
Fat
Term
What is the fold of tissue stretched across the larynx that vibrates with the movement of air to make sounds?
Definition
Vocal Cords
Term
Name the spiral-shaped
Definition
fluid-filled inner ear structure lined with cilia that move when vibrated and is the major organ of hearing?,Cochlea
Term
What part of the nephron reabsorbs 75% of the water
Definition
salts, glucose, and amino acids?,Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Term
Discovered in 1891 by Ramón y Cajal
Definition
they are derived from ectodermal tissue with the exception of the phagocytic micro- variety. They include the astrocytes, which remove excess potassium and play a poorly-understood role in signaling, and oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, which myelinate central and peripheral nervous system axons, respectively. Name these 'glue' cells that comprise the bulk of the human nervous system where they work alongside neurons?,Glial cells (or neuroglia)
Term
Consisting of two characteristic components
Definition
a corrin ring system and a 5,6 dimethylbenzimidazole ribonucleotide, its two major metabolic roles are intramolecular rearrangements and methyl-group transfer reactions. It is not synthesized by any plants or animals, but by only a few microorganisms. A glycoprotein known as intrinsic factor is necessary for its absorption in humans, and a deficiency of it results in pernicious anemia. The most complex of all known vitamins, it was the last B vitamin to be isolated. Name this vitamin also known as cobalamin?,B12
Term
Vitamin A contains what substance found in orange and yellow vegetables like squash
Definition
carrots, and sweet potatoes that prevents night blindness?,Retinol
Term
Rickets is caused by what vitamin deficiency?
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
Also called tocopherol
Definition
what vitamin, a powerful antioxidant, is found in vegetable oils, nuts, wheat germ and green leafy vegetables?,Vitamin E
Term
What is another name for Vitamin B3
Definition
a deficiency of which causes pellagra?,Niacin
Term
What is another name for Vitamin B2?
Definition
Riboflavin
Term
What is another name for Vitamin B1?
Definition
Thiamin
Term
What is another name for Vitamin B9
Definition
a vitamin found important in pregnant women to help prevent birth defects such as spina bifida?,Folic Acid
Term
Scurvy may be prevented by which vitamin found in citrus fruits such as oranges?
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
What vitamin found in dark-green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli aids in the clotting of blood?
Definition
Vitamin K
Term
How many vitamins are found in humans?
Definition
13
Term
Vitamins are divided into two groups - one of which contains vitamins (A
Definition
D, E and K) and the other group contains the B vitamins and vitamin C. What are these two groups of vitamins?,Fat-soluable and water-soluable
Term
What hormone secreted by the pituitary controls narrowing of arteries and water absorption in kidneys?
Definition
Vasopressin
Term
What hormone secreted by the pituitary stimulates contraction of uterus?
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
What sex hormone is important in the embryo-mother relationship?
Definition
Progesterone
Term
What hormone secreted by the thyroid controls calcium metabolism?
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
Each lung in the human body contains about 300 million of what tiny structures which facilitate the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood?
Definition
Alveoli
Term
The parotid
Definition
sublingual, and submandibular glands are the three types of what glands found near the mouth?,Salivary (Gland)
Term
A person's immunity to a disease results from the presence of these molecules in the bloodstream. Give the name for the small proteins in the blood that combine with foreign substances and assist in their removal from the body?
Definition
Antibodies
Term
In 1922
Definition
Charles Best and Frederick Banting successfully isolated what hormone from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, making possible the treatment of diabetes?,Insulin
Term
Made up of closely packed
Definition
parallel bundles of white collagen fibers, give the name for the tough bands of ropelike connective tissue that join muscles to bones or cartilage?,Tendons
Term
Somatotropin or human growth hormone is produced by the anterior portion of which bodily gland?
Definition
Pituitary (Gland)
Term
When airborne chemicals stimulate receptors located on the olfactory epithelium
Definition
receptor cells send signals to the brain that register as which of the five senses?,Smell
Term
This body system serves in protective
Definition
secretory, excretory and regulatory roles. What is the scientific name for this system which, if flattened, would be 2 square yards?,Integumentary (System)
Term
What is a semifluid mass of food in the stomach called?
Definition
Chyme
Term
In animals
Definition
energy is stored in the liver in which highly branched polymer of glucose?,Glycogen
Term
Name the repeating units in the structure of hard mammalian bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass?
Definition
Haversian systems or Haversian Canals
Term
What name is given to the the ball of food pushed into the back of the oral cavity by the tongue and swallowed?
Definition
Bolus
Term
What name is given to the cartilaginous flap that covers the trachea when food is swallowed?
Definition
Epiglottis
Term
Identify the dispensable
Definition
fingerlike extension on the cecum pouch of the large intestine?,Appendix
Term
Identify the small vessels that convey blood from the arteries to the capillaries?
Definition
Arterioles
Term
Identify the small vessels that convey blood from the capillaries to the veins?
Definition
Venules
Term
Identify in correct order the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle in which blood is pumped and the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart chambers fill with blood?
Definition
Systole, Diastole
Term
The debilitation of its esterase enzyme is the method of lethal action of many nerve gases. Identify the neurotransmitter that activates muscle contraction.?
Definition
Acetylcholine
Term
Name the four main lobes of the cerebrum?
Definition
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Term
Identify the tough
Definition
white outer layer of connective tissue along the globe of the eyeball?,Sclera
Term
Also known as visual purple
Definition
identify the visual pigment on the retina?,Rhodopsin
Term
Name the three major types of bone joints?
Definition
Ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot
Term
Identify the bones in the wrist?
Definition
Carpals
Term
Identify the bones in the hand?
Definition
Metacarpals
Term
Identify the repeating
Definition
basic functional unit of muscles?,Sarcomere
Term
It is generally higher for an endotherm than for an ectotherm. It averages about 1600 to 1800 kilocalories per day for adult human males
Definition
and about 1300 to 1500 for adult females. Identify this term for the total amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time when at rest, with an empty stomach, and experiencing no stress?,Basal metabolic rate
Term
Sarcomeres are subunits of what bundles of muscle fibers?
Definition
Myofibrils
Term
The foramina of Morgagni lie between two attachments of this muscle
Definition
and its left crura extend downward to attach to the vertebral column. A hiatal hernia can result from a tear or weakness in it, and in bulbospinal polio, this muscle is paralyzed. The fibers that make up it are costal, sternal, and lumbar, depending on their point of origin, and when this muscle spasms, it can cause hiccups. Identify this dome-shaped abdominal muscle that is the principle muscle of respiration. ?,Diaphragm
Term
After it is broken up
Definition
part of it becomes the bases for bilirubin, and in vertebrates, it is a tetramer of two alpha and beta chains. Containing a porphyrin ring, it has a high affinity for carbon monoxide, and if glutamic acid is replaced by valine, its sickle form is created. Broken down in the spleen, anemia is a result of an abnormally low level of it, and it is produced in bone marrow by erythrocytes. What protein contains an iron complex which is purple until it is exposed to oxygen?,Hemoglobin
Term
The hilum is found with in each of these
Definition
and water, alcohol, and pharmacologic agents are excreted through them. Microscopic holes in them are a symptom of its eponymous pinprick condition, and byssinosis is a disease of them. Encased in pleura, mesothelioma is a cancer of the lining of them, and the mediastinum is situated between them. Identify these structures that contain alveoli, the human organs of respiration?,Lungs
Term
Identify the complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Definition
but not smooth muscle?,Troponin
Term
Its parts include the square and flat body
Definition
and two each of the greater cornua and lesser cornua. The lesser cornu is small and conical, and from the medial side of its base arises the Chondroglossus. The cranial surface of the greater cornu is the origin of the Constrictor pharyngis medius. Suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by ligaments, name this bone named for its 'U' shape, which serves as the anchoring structure for the tongue?,Hyoid or lingual bone
Term
It is divided into a medial zone
Definition
an intermediate zone, a lateral zone, and a flocculonodular zone and it contains Purkinje Cells?,Cerebellum
Term
Disorders associated with their performance include Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Scott's syndrome; produced in bone marrow by budding off from megakaryocytes; old ones are destroyed by the spleen and by Kupffer cells in the liver; activated when they come in contact with exposed collagen in a blood vessel; contain alpha and dense granules?
Definition
Platelets
Term
In birds they mature in the Bursa of Fabricius and in rabbits they mature in the appendix-sacculus rotundus?
Definition
B-cells
Term
The artery that supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) and the posterolateral artery (PLA) determines its dominance; 60% of the general population is classified as right-dominant?
Definition
Coronary Arteries
Term
Prominent features include the Duct of Wirsung and the Uncinate process and it has Alpha and beta cells?
Definition
Pancreas
Term
They have three major cell types: Type I
Definition
Type II, Type III; Type I cells form the structure of their wall; Type II cells produce a surfactant; Emphysema breaks down the elastin in their walls by creating an imbalance between the production of neutrophil elastase and alpha-1-antitrypsin?,Alveoli
Term
It is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Definition
Mitral Valve or Bicuspid Valve
Term
It is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Definition
Tricuspid Valve
Term
What fundamental functional unit of much compact bone consists of concentric layers
Definition
or lamellae, of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the Haversian canal?,Osteon
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