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| mountainous area just North of Greece; Descendents of Dorians; regarded as Barbarians by the Greeks |
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| Earliest king of Macedonians that was intelligent, crafty, devious, and wasn’t afraid to resort to murder |
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1) Create a huge, strong army to unify all of Macedonia
2) Sweep down South and unify all of Greece
3) Destroying all of the Persians (never really carried it out though) |
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| Goals of Philip of Macedonia |
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| Philip strengthens the __ |
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| A military formation used by the Macedonians; formation of 256 men 16X16; everyone marched on foot; followed by the Peltasts |
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| phalanx is made up of soldiers call this; wore heavy armor, marched on foot, and had long spheres, but didn’t throw them (16 ft long) |
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| spear checkers who had shorter spears that would actually throw them; they come right behind the hoplites |
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| Philip took Greek city-states (__ opposed so they burned it) and marched with his companions and took the city states of Northern Greece. |
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| United all of northern Greece under Philip |
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| 30; made speech against Philip |
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| speeches against Philip by Demosthenes; speech that condemns another personal politically |
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-Athenians were totally unprepared and were destroyed
-Philip marched into Athens and took over Greece
-Philip never took Sparta because he knew that they would be a tough match
-After there was a huge victory party. Everyone found out Philip had taken a mistress and had a son. Philip and Alexander got into a big fight. Philip let it be known that he was not happy with Alexander and that he had a son.
-Philip and Alexander didn’t get along |
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Battle of Chaeronea
KAIR-uh-NEE-uh |
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-Philip was going to lead an army into __; he would disown Alexander because he had a new woman and a new son; Philip would make this new baby his heir.
-A fight broke out and they drew swords at one another.
-Philip was so drunk that he passed out before he could go after Alexander.
-Alexander goes to his father lying on the floor and said “this man is the one who’s going to lead everyone to Persia when he can’t even cross the room” then says “I THINK NOT” |
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| Philip was __ at his daughter’s wedding |
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| Alexander’s mom; Philip’s wife; generally thought to plot Philip’s assassination |
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| Olympia told Alexander he was the son of this God |
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| woman who Philip had an affair and new son with; after Philip’s assassination her and her baby son were found dead |
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| __ becomes king of Macedonia and Greece (except Sparta) |
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-__succeeded in uniting all of Greece under one ruler
-That ruler is Alexander |
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-He was the first king to be called “The Great”
-King of Macedonia and Greece
-Controlled by father; had self control too; educated by Aristotle |
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| When Alexander was a young boy, he told his dad he wanted a horse. They went to town and people were standing around looking at this beautiful stallion. Every time someone got on the horse, the horse bucked the person off. Father tells him if he can ride the horse, he can have it. Alexander rode the horse through the people and rode in the direction in the setting sun. When the horse was exhausted, he rode the horse back to the crowd. Alexander found out that the horse didn’t buck until he saw his own shadow with someone on his back. The horse is named __ |
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| __ decided he would make war on the Persians and conquer the Persian Empire |
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-The oracle of Delphi At the Temple of Apollo
-This oracle, __, communicated with God Apollo and predicted the future
-Every time she predicted something, it was correct
-She inhaled vapors from the earth and chewed Laurel Leaves. She was totally stoned and babbled.
-The Oracle at Delphi spoke “Nothing will stop Alexander” |
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-Alexander crosses the Hellespont to invade the __ Empire
-Took a copy of the Iliad and a shield from Troy
-Darius III: King of Persia (Alexander wants to do war with him)
-35000 Macedonians and about 7000 Greeks in Alexander’s army
-Cartographers: map makers
-Botanists: studies plant life
-Geographers: studies the land
-Artists: drew plants and animals they encountered
-Professional steppers: people who march off the distance |
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-First time Alexander’s men had done war with Persia
-Alexander got word the Persians were coming and camped out on the Granicus River
-Alexander and his men crawled out the river and attacked the Persians
-This was a disaster for the Persians
-Word spread to Darius III that the Persians lost |
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| The Battle of the Granicus River |
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| -Alexander took Ephesus, Miletus, and Halicarnassus from the __ |
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-There was a chariot that was owned by King Midas that was tied to a column
-Legend of the chariot and knot: whoever could unite the knot would be ruler of Persia
-Alexander studies the rock, takes his sword out, and chops the knot. The Knot is called the __ Knot |
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| -Darius put together an army to do battle with Alexander -Alexander got a wound in the head and could have died -Alexander won and defeated Darius -When Darius fled the battle scene, he left his wife, children, and mother behind -They then joined Alexander’s force |
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| Island off the coast of Syria; home of the Persian fleet |
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-Alexander wanted to take Tyre, but couldn’t get here because the walls were very tall
-Went inland and established a base on the shore and Alexander sent divers to pile up rocks under water to make a causeway
-When the Persians would look out, they saw this causeway was getting closer and closer to Tyre
-When the causeway was almost to Tyre, Alexander’s men would hide at the top of towers they built on the causeway and started building catapults.
-The catapults would throw rocks. They used these to break the walls of Tyre. |
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| Alexander established the city of Alexandria on the Nile. He becomes Honorary Pharaoh and son of __ |
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| -Alexander ordered the construction of the __ of Alexandria and the __ or Pharos of Alexandria |
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-Alexander would charge a fee for boats to dock and do business in Alexandria
-Boats would have to turn over any __ on their ships
-They would be hand copied and the copies were placed in the Library |
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-Pharos __ at Alexandria: one of the wonders of the world
-Fire would burn at the top of it every day and every night guiding ships into it
-Giant lens and mirrors were on the top of it also |
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-__tore the lighthouse down because they thought there was a treasure under it
-Never built again |
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-Darius wrote Alexander a __: said leave me the rest of the Persian Empire and you can have the other half
-Alexander said no, I want it all |
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-Alexander met with Darius and Alexander heard Darius had Scythian or Scythed Chariots
-Darius also had elephants with generals perched on top
-Alexander steered the battle onto rocks, causing the elephants to fall and throw generals off
-Alexander won |
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| Chariots that had swords sticking out the side; when wheels turned, swords chopped |
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-Alexander took __ and the Ishtar Gate
-They continued onto __ (beginning of the Royal Road) and took this too |
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-Alexander’s generals took Persepolis
-Took part of the money for war, but deposited the rest at Susa under close guard
-Alexander got drunk and allowed his men to loot and burn the palace of Darius
-Alexander woke up and cried because of what he had done |
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-Alexander sent his men over to a tent on the hill side
-Alexander went to check it out and it was the body of __
-He had been killed by his own men for fleeing battles too often
-Three of his soldiers took credit for it
-They were arrested and executed
-Alexander said “only a king can kill a king”
-Alexander is now king of all of Persia |
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-Also called Battle of Hydaspes
-Alexander did battle with the king of India
-Battle on elephants
-After this battle, King Porus was defeated
-Alexander was King of all of India |
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-Alexander wants to go to __
-His men say no, we have been gone for 7 years
-Refused to go for the first time ever
-Alexander pouted and thought about it for 3 days
-Alexander decided it was time to go back
-Alexander and his men were going to march back on foot
-100s of his men died of thirst because they had to go through forest and desert
-Alexander didn’t drink because his men couldn’t have any so neither would he
-Went through Susa and married a Persian Princess |
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| attempt to culturally blend Persian Empire and Macedonian/Greek Empire |
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| -3 days after going to __, Alexander cried on his death bed because there were no more worlds left to conquer |
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| -“Weight down my body with stones and drop it in the __”: last words so people would think he was living with the gods |
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| -“I leave my Empire to the __”: answer to who would rule after him |
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-None of his 2 wishes happened though because the generals had a big ole __
-Stone crystal coffin, mummified body dressed in a full suit of armor and treasure
-The tomb was sunk into the sea |
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Did Alexander do this?
unify and preserve Greek culture so that it could survive into posterity |
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Did Alexander do this?
permanent unification of Eastern Europe and Asia |
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Did Alexander do this?
combination of the cultures of the West and the East |
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| -Ruled by Antigonus Gonatus |
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-Ruled by Seleucus
-The Seleucied Empire |
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| Comprised of 12 towns in northern Greece and some in northern Pel |
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| Comprised of remaining towns in southern and western Greece |
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| used by Achaean and Aetolian League; a federation of city states formed into the leagues |
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| *Cultures before Alexander: __* |
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| *Cultures after Alexander: __* |
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