Term
| Who is considered "foregut fermentors"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is considered "hind-gut fermentors"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In cows, or other ruminants...what does the rumen and reticulum do? |
|
Definition
| Receive and mix swallowed food |
|
|
Term
| What does the omasum and abomasum do? |
|
Definition
| Mixes, digests, and absorbs |
|
|
Term
| In horses, or rodents...what do they do? |
|
Definition
| expand their colon and cecum |
|
|
Term
| Nervous system is broken down into what? |
|
Definition
| Central nervous system, and autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| The autonomic nervous system is broken down into what two subdivisions? (I don't know how else to word it?) |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| Talking about parasympathetic nervous system...what does the vagus nerve do? |
|
Definition
Increases digestive secretions
Increases blood flow to GI tract
Increases GI smooth muscle tone and mobility
Increases digestion and absorption (aka net effect) |
|
|
Term
| What exerts GI effects more local (rather than controlling whole GI tract?) |
|
Definition
| Hormones (gastrin, histamine) and prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
| What are parietal cells also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What do these parietal cells have receptors for?
(hint: they're hormones) |
|
Definition
| Gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| Parietal cells release what into the gastric lumen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The more full the receptors are, the more _____ the cell will be. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does acetylcholine do? |
|
Definition
| Causes parietal cells to release hydrochloric acid |
|
|
Term
| Gastrin is released from where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it in response to? |
|
Definition
| Presence of proteins in stomach, gastric distension, parasympathetic stimulation |
|
|
Term
| So, what does gastrin do? |
|
Definition
| "HEY! GET READY...FOODS COMING!!" |
|
|
Term
| No, really-what does Gastrin do? |
|
Definition
-Stimulates the parietal cells to release HCl into the stomach lumen
-Relaxes the stomach smooth muscle, gets it ready to receive noms
-Evacuates the colon (gastro-colic reflex) |
|
|
Term
| Moving onto histamine...who's it released by? |
|
Definition
| Basophils and mast cells. |
|
|
Term
| During when is histamine released? |
|
Definition
| During inflammation or allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skin, resp tract, vascular tissue, smooth muscle, brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do prostaglandins circulate, or do they act locally? Or both? |
|
Definition
| Local! They don't circulate! Aint no prostaglandin got time fo dat! |
|
|
Term
| Two different kinds of prostaglandins, name em... |
|
Definition
-Protective
-Inflammatory |
|
|
Term
| Effects of protective prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
Increase GI mucus production
Increase intestinal motility (keeps cooties from staying in one place too long)
Increase local blood flow (brings nutrients to cells & yo hawt bod)
Increase HCO3 in mucus (nutrilizes HCl) |
|
|
Term
| What inhibits the protective prostaglandins? :( |
|
Definition
NSAIDs, like Asprin, Rimadyl, Etogesic, Metacam.
It damages the GI tract due to the loss of that protective-ness... |
|
|
Term
| Vomiting center is also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the emetic center located? |
|
Definition
| Brainstem, more specifically-medulla |
|
|
Term
| The vomiting has what two receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| So, by blocking these receptors...what is the result? |
|
Definition
| Reduces vomiting! Duhhhh. |
|
|
Term
| Which receptor is sensitive to our feline friends? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vomiting center receives info from where? |
|
Definition
| Vagus nerve, Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ), Vestibular apparatus, Cerebrum |
|
|
Term
| Vagus nerve was stimulated by distension/irritation of what? |
|
Definition
| Pharynx, stomach, duodenum, peritoneum, kidney, gall bladder, and uterus |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CRTZ located? |
|
Definition
| In the brain, the floor of the 4th ventricle (remember dat?) |
|
|
Term
| Nerve endings in blood and in CSF detect when? |
|
Definition
-Chemical toxins
-Bacterial toxins
-Azotemia
-Ketones (by product of fat-NOT suppose to be in blood)
-Opiates |
|
|
Term
So our kitty and doggy fwiends have certain receptors in the CRTZ that makes emetic drugs more effective...
Kitty receptors? Doggy receptors? |
|
Definition
Kitty: Alpha receptors, and serotonin
Doggy: Dopamine receptors, and histamine receptors |
|
|
Term
| The vestibular apparatus is located where? |
|
Definition
|
|
