Term
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Definition
...calmness
drowsiness
indifference to surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| ....calmless with less/no drowsiness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sedative + analegsic (eg. fluanisone + fentanyl) |
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Term
| dissociative anaesthetic = |
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Definition
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Term
| principle uses of sedatives = |
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Definition
1. restraint (should be admin b4 animal gets excited or a larger dose will be needed=bad as more side effects)
2. Decr anxiety & modify aggressive behaviour (better to use anxiolytics but use sedatives as cheaper)
3. minor surgery & xrays
4. anaesthetic premed(allow 20-50% decr in GA :)) |
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Term
| disadvantages of sedation and airtravel :( |
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Definition
-balance affected = risk of injury
-short faced D & C risk of CV or resp problems when sedated with decr atmospheric press. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Droperidol
Haloperidol
Fluanisone
Azaperone (in pigs) |
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Term
| Name a alpha 2 antagonist |
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Definition
| Xylazine, Medetomidine, Detomidine, Romifidine, Clonidine |
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Term
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Definition
Diazepam
Nitrazepam
lorazepam
zopidone
triazolam |
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Term
| ACP (acepromazine) commonly used as a ... |
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Definition
| ...preanesthetic and used for sedating dogs for transportation |
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Term
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Definition
| ...decr CNS function= deep sedation (but NOT unconsciousness) |
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Term
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Definition
-antiemetic
-vasodilator
-antipsychotic
-at high doses amy see extrapyramidal effects due ti inhibition of DA2R =tremor, rigidity, catalepsy=parkinsons dz |
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Term
| major considerations for ACP use |
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Definition
1. decr seizure threshold so contraindicated in epileptic patients, if had head trauma or got incr. intracranial press.
2. can cuase penis prolapse/paralysis in stallions
3. vasodilation - can lead to hypotension if got CV dz
4. contraindicate din Boxer - heart block & resp arrest
5. can prevent adr. induced arrythmias |
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Term
| butyrophone used in pigs = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sedative (work immediately as a sedative)
antiemtic
antipsychotic (take days/wks to work due to upreg of Rs in limbic areas) |
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Term
| butyrephones side effects = |
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Definition
1. alpha 1 blocker = vasodilation = moedrate hypotension (not as bad as phenothiazines)
2. extrapyramidal effects at high doses as inhibit DA R = tremore, rigidity, catalepsy=parkinsons dz) |
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Term
| alpha 2 agonists cause... |
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Definition
| ...inhibition od NA release = decr NA |
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Term
| most selective alpha 2 agonist = |
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Definition
| medetomidine = less CV side effects :) |
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Term
| effects of alpha 2 Agonists = |
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Definition
1. sedation
2. analgesia
3. mm relaxant
4. decr CO
5. bradycardia
6. incr then decr BP
7. hyperglycaemia with continous use as alpha 2 R activity decr insulin secretion
8. Diuresis (as alpha 2 agonists incr ADH secretion) |
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Term
| principle reasons for use of alpha 2 agonists in vetmed = |
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Definition
1. sedation
2. analgesia :)
3. mm relaxation
4. rapid reversibility with antagonist :)
5. prevent signs of CNS stim and mm rigidity seen with ket and some opioids |
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Term
| what alpha 2 agonists would you use to sedate a horse? |
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Definition
| xylazine, detomidine or romifidine |
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Term
| what alpha 2 agonist would you use to sedate a D or C? |
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Definition
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Term
| effects of alpha 2 agonist of C&D = |
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Definition
-cat may vom - need to starve b4
-white gums due to vasoconstriction |
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Term
| disadvantage of using xylazine in cattle and horses= |
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Definition
IN cattle may cause uterine contractions = abortion (due to alpha 1 R activity)
in cattle and horsesmild resp acidosis = decr PaO2, may be hypoxic |
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Term
| selective alpha 2 antagonists for xylazine in dogs = |
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Definition
|
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Term
| slective alpha2 antagonist for xylazine used in horses and rum. = |
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Definition
|
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Term
| selective antagonist of medetomidine/detomidine = |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical considerations of alpha 2 agonist = |
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Definition
1. if got CNS depression b4 admin = risk of alpha 2 agonist overdose
2. decr HR and CO=may worsen CV dz
3. vom =aspiration if larynx impaired by alpha2 agonist
4. incr urine output = risk of rupturing urethra
5. if long lasting alpha 2 agonist = hyperglyacaemia=diabetes
6. causes uterine contraction = abortion in last trimester of preg in cows |
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Term
| Benzodiazepines (BZs) affects = |
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Definition
-sedative
-hypnotic
-anxiolytic
-anticonvulsant |
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Term
|
Definition
1. antianxiety
2. sedative
3. hypnotic
4. anticonvulsant
5. sk. mm relaxant (greater effect on C than D)
6. relaxes bladder mm = tx incontinance (espec due to anxiety) |
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Term
|
Definition
-drowsiness
-confusion
-amnesia
-impaired learning (intefere with animals training)
-lack of depth perception
-decr. REM sleep (if long term use) |
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Term
|
Definition
| bind to GABA R and enhance affinity of GABA R and GABA = incr GABA channel opening (GABA = inhibitory neurotransmitter) |
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Term
| Diazepam is used in vet practice to..... |
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Definition
...CALM d&c - ALLEVIATE BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS
...epilepsy (short term use in dogs only)
...decr hallicinatory side effects of ket |
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Term
|
Definition
| block NMDA R (low affinity uncompetitive inhibitor) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ...medetomidine or detomidine (alpha 2 agonists) |
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Term
| ket followed by isoflurane or halothane = |
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Definition
| smooth induction of anesthesia with 'balanced anaethesia' :) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tiletamine + xylazine (alpha2agonist) - usded for sedating LA's |
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Term
| ket and tiletamine are excellent.... |
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Definition
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Term
| name the sedatives with analgesic properties. |
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Definition
| alpha 2 agonist and tiletamine |
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Term
| alternatives for pet sedations (herbal rmedies) |
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Definition
1. monoterpenes - valepotriates
2. sesquiterpenes - valerenic acid (inhibits GABA transanimase - converts GABA to glutmate)
3. lignans-hydroxypinoresinol (some work like BZs) |
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Term
| what two sedatives can cause parkinsons dz? |
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Definition
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Term
| what sedative shouldnt be used in boxers? |
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Definition
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Term
| which sedative can cause penis proplaspse in stallion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two sedatives can have adverse effects on the CVS? |
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Definition
ACP - vasodilation and hypotension if got CV dz
alpha 2 agonists (due to activation of alpha 1 R) |
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