Term
| Penicillins Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
Beta Lactam group
G+ aer & anaer and G- anaer
Inhibit bac-T cell wall synthesis bia inhibition of transpeptidases and other penicillin-binding protein enzymes (PNPs).
Low Vd
No BBB
Bactericidal
Synergistic with aminoglycosides, fluoroquinones |
|
|
Term
| Broad Spectrum Penicillin uses |
|
Definition
Clears lepto in cattle, does not eliminate lepto from tissues in SA.
Combined with aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones gets 4 quadrants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta lactams that are resistant to many beta lactamases but have very little antimicrobial activity; protect other penicillins from beta lactamases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbopenams
Monobactams |
|
|
Term
Penicillin G
(benzyl penicillin) |
|
Definition
Narrow spectrum
Beta Lactam
Low Vd
Poor BBB penetration
Bactericidal
Time-dependent |
|
|
Term
Narrow Spectrum
Penicillins |
|
Definition
Penicillin G (benzyl penicillin)
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin (V) |
|
|
Term
Broad-Spectrum
Penicillins |
|
Definition
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Hetacillin |
|
|
Term
Augmented Penicillins
(non-antipseudomonal) |
|
Definition
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid
(Clavamox)
Ampicillin/Sublactam |
|
|
Term
Augmented Penicillins
(antipseudomonal) |
|
Definition
Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid
(Timentin)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam |
|
|
Term
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
(methacillin group)
(beta lactamase resistant) |
|
Definition
Methacillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin |
|
|
Term
| Antipseudomonal Penicillins |
|
Definition
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Azlocillin
Mezlocillin |
|
|
Term
Antienteric Penicillins
(amidopenicillins) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
First Generation
Cephalosporins
(groups 1 & 2) |
|
Definition
Parenteral: Cephalothin, cephazolin, cephapirin
P.O.: Cephadroxil, cephalexin, cefaclor |
|
|
Term
Second Generation
Cephalosporins
(group 3) |
|
Definition
Parenteral: cefoxitin, cefuroxime
P.O.: cefuroxime axetil |
|
|
Term
Third Generation
Cephalosporins
(groups 4, 5 & 6) |
|
Definition
Group 4 (parenteral): ceftiofur (Naxcel), cefotaxime (anaerobes), cefovecin (Convenia)
Group 5 (P.O.): cefpodoxime (simplicef), cefixime
Group 6 (antipseudomonal, parenteral): cefoperazone, ceftazidime |
|
|
Term
4th Generation Cephalosporins
(group 7)
Parenteral
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all begin with "Ceph" and all but 2 have a "v," "x" or "z"
from G1-4, decreasing G+, increasing G-; all some anaerobes
Groups 1-7 per route of administration
Cephazolin, (cephalothin, cephapirin)
Cephalexin, cephadroxil, (cefaclor)
Cefoxitin, (cefuroxime
~BBB: Ceftiofur, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefovecin (convenia)
Cefpodoxime (simplicef), (cefixime)
antipseudomonal: (Cefoperazone, ceftazidime)
G - only: Cefepime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta Lactam
-cidal
some G3s xBBB for G- meningitis in SA
long T 1/2 (convenia)
perozone, triaxone excreted in bile
combine with aminogly's, fluoroquins
UTI / mastitis
Ax = Gi signs, inhibit flora, IMHA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Imipenem: Arnold Schwartzenegger of Abx!!
Beta Lactam
-cidal
wide Vd; xBBB in meningitis
inactivated by renal dhp so use w/cilastatin 1:1
tough G negs only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Azotrenam
3rd line against G neg aerobes (pseudomonas)
-cidal
NO P.O.
xBBB
|
|
|
Term
Non Beta Lactam
Cell Wall/Membrane
Inhibitor Drugs |
|
Definition
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Polymixin |
|
|
Term
Non Beta Lactam Cell Wall/Membrane Inhibitors |
|
Definition
Tough G +
-cidal
inhibits 2nd step wall synth
VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTERROCOCCUS (VRE) AND MRSA are resistant, but still used for MRSA
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st line: skin/eye in triple antibiotic
G+
nephrotoxic but PO okay for GI infection
-cidal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polymyxin B, colistin
-cidal
detergent-like
Pseudomonas & tough G -
highly nephrotoxic
colistin binds LPS in cattle, swine, horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microcytic (Fe deficiency) Anemia treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microcytic (Fe deficiency) Anemia treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ruminant - Macrocytic anemia treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small Animals: Macrocytic/megablastic anemia treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small Animals: Macroytic/megablastic anemia treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CRF/Bone marrow suppression treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CRF/Bone Marrow Suppression Treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CRF/Bone Marrow Suppression treatment |
|
|
Term
| Prednisone actions on blood |
|
Definition
| Immunosuppressive glucocorticoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immunosuppressive
cytotoxic
cancer therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immunosuppressive
cytotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-CSF: stimulates neutrophils only
Adverse effect = bone pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GM-CSF; stimulates all granulocytes plus monocytes
Adverse effects = bone pain, fever, CARDIO TOXICITY |
|
|
Term
| EPINEPHRINE effects on blood |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction + positive inotrope |
|
|
Term
| Tannic Acid effects on Blood |
|
Definition
| Local hemostatic (styptic); astringent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Local hemostatic (styptic); astringent |
|
|
Term
| celllose/collagen/gelatin -- use as hemostatic |
|
Definition
| surgical; local hemostatic (styptic) |
|
|
Term
Thromboplastin/thrombin/Fibroplastin/fibrin
EFFECTS ON BLOOD |
|
Definition
!!LOCAL!! STYPTIC !!LOCAL!!
physiological |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systemic hemostatic
STRONG BASE; BINDS HISTAMINE (reversal agent) as a chemical antagonist
GIVE IN SMALL DOSES ONLY; causes bleeding at higher doses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systemic Hemostatic
Thrombolytic antidote
Tx: dgenerative myelopathy of GSDs
Tx ++fibrinolysis; inhibits conversion of plasminogen to plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systemic Hemostatic (vasopressin/ADH analog; more potent and specific than vasopressin)
Drug of choice for central DI
Increase [vWB factor] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antcoagulant
Activates AT III, resulting in block of factor II (AT IIa) and activated 7, 9, 10
Protamine sulfate is reversal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anticoagulant
Inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase; inhibits 2,7,9,10
99% albumin-bound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thrombolytic agent
Turns plasminogen into plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thrombolytic agent
turns plasminogen into plasmin |
|
|
Term
Anisreplase
Anisolyated plas
Strepto Activator
APSAC |
|
Definition
CLOT-SPECIFIC thrombolytic agent CLOT SPECIFIC
turns plasminogen into plasmin (@ site of clot??)
very expensive |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin -- Effects on the blood |
|
Definition
Antiplatelet agent
Inhibits TXA2 --> inhibit platelet aggregation
IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF COX 1&2
High doses also activate clotting cascade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiplatelet agent
inhibits phosphodiesterase
increases cAMP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiplatelet agent
Blocks GPIIb/IIIa; blocks crossbridging between platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiplatelet agent
Antithrombin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiplatelet agent
Inhibits ADP binding |
|
|
Term
| SADDLE THROMBUS TREATMENT |
|
Definition
Heparin
Streptokinase
Vasodilators |
|
|
Term
| Chronic cat heart dz/thromboembolism treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
