Term
| Which volatile anesthetic is NOT a liquid that is vaporized (it is already a compressed gas)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is our target organ with volatile inhalant anesthetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F An anesthetic agent targets the brain, and the anesthetic does not dissolve in all tissues. |
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Definition
| False- anesthetic dissolves in all tissues, hitting those with high blood flow first and causing anesthesia when reaching the brain |
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Term
| High brain centers controlling consciousness are the _____affected and the vital centers (respiratory and vasomotor) are more ________ to this effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| What phenomenon ensures the forward movement of gas to the brain and other body tissues (from the vaporizer to alveolus to tissues) |
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Definition
| Partial pressure gradients |
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Term
| The _______ partial pressure governs the partial pressure of anesthetic in all other body parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Partial pressure of agent within alveolus (at ___________) equals the partial pressure in the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| When does recovery from an inhaled anesthetic occur? |
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Definition
| When a certain proportion of the anesthetic molecules have left the brain tissues and have been taken up by the alveoli and exhaled |
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Term
| What is saturated vapor pressure? |
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Definition
| The partial pressure exerted by a gas at equilibrium with the liquid state |
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Term
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Definition
| Vapor in equilibrium with its liquid: molecules entering the gas phase equal the number of molecules leaving it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| SVP is not dependent on atmospheric pressure- what is it dependent on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SVP and % concentration of Isoflurane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SVP and % concentration of Sevofulrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why must vaporizers allow most of the carrier gas to bypass the vaporization chamber? |
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Definition
| If it all contacted the chamber then pt would receive the full % concentration of inhalant (31.5% Isoflurane and 21.3% Sevoflurane) which is wayyyyyyyyyyyy above clinical concentration (1-2 ISO and 3-5 for sevo)- the higher concentrations are lethal |
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Term
| Insoluble anesthetics have a __________induction and _________recovery. |
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Definition
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Term
| Soluble volatile anesthetics have a _______ induction and ______recovery. |
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Definition
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Term
| Solubility depends on: (3) |
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Definition
1. Partial pressure gradient between alveolus and blood
2. Temp
3. Solubility partition coefficient |
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Term
| What percentage of water are we at birth, and when older? |
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Definition
| 75% at birth; 60-66% at maturity |
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Term
| Blood volume in dogs? Cats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of body weight is intracellular fluid volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of body weight is extracellular? |
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Definition
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Term
Interstitial fluid % bw
IV/plasma water fluid % bw
Transcellular fluid % bw |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the phenomenon of "third spacing" |
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Definition
| expansion of tissue compartments secondary to trauma or disease |
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Term
| Where does the third spaced fluid come from? |
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Definition
| Initially intracellular volume and plasma volume to increase the interstitial volume |
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Term
| Principal extracellular CATION |
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Definition
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Term
| Principal extracellular ANIONS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| salt-based or dextrose based |
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Term
| Normal or physiologic saline: |
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Definition
0.9% NaCl in H20
appropriate only as replacement fluid |
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Term
| Normal saline fluid products will be lower in what electrolyte? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
5-7.5% NaCl in water
for emergencies
quickly draws large amounts of fluid in
do not use in dehydrated patients
must be followed by isotonic, crystalloids or colloids to maintain volume |
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Term
| Balanced electrolyte solns: |
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Definition
| approximate the extracellular fluid composition |
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Term
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Definition
give quick calories but NOT NUTRITION
5% dextrose in water is isotonic when GIVEN but the sugar is quickly metabolized to a hypotonic solutions |
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Term
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Definition
have large molecules that remain in the vascular space so hypotension is managed much more quickly
followed with crystalloid therapy
may complicate for cross matching for transfusion, may interfere with hemostasis |
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Term
| Examples of colloid fluids (7) |
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Definition
blood
plasma
dextran
hetastarch
gelatin
albumin
oxyglobin |
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Term
| Why are gelatins not used? |
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Definition
| they are foreign proteins and cause anaphlyactoid reactions |
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Term
| Human albumin serum is not used for these two reasons: |
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Definition
very expensive
reaction to foreign protein in veterinary patients |
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Term
| What colloid fluid is the only way to address hypoalbuminemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the disadvantage to using albumin as a colloid? |
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Definition
-Oxygen radical scavenger
-will bind drugs and inflammatory mediators |
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Term
| What are the most popular colloids now? |
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Definition
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