Term
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Definition
Mech: muscarinic AND nicotinic stimulation
S: Rarely used (ophthalmic) |
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Term
| Bethanechol (choline ester) |
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Definition
M: some GI/ urinary bladder selectivity (some M3 Selectivity
S: promotes voiding by contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the trigone and sphincter. Used to treat urinary retention when obstruction is absent |
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Definition
M: stimulates muscarinic receptors
S: not used clinically and found in some mushrooms |
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Definition
M: muscarinic stimulation
S: topical ophthalmic use to induce pupil constriction and decrease intraocular pressure during glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
M: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
S:counter anticholinergic toxicity
IS NOT A QUATERNARY COMPOUND AND CROSSES THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER!!! |
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Term
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Definition
M: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
S: stimulate visceral smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
M: competitively inhibits the binding and stimulation of muscarinic receptors by ACh and other muscarinic agonists
S: ENTERS CNS primary concerns: tachyarrhythmia, prolonged GI stasis, urine retention. Used during anesthesia to decrease salivary and airway secretions. Increased salivation possible |
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Term
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Definition
M:cholinergic antagonist
S: similar effects as atropine. low dose: slight sedation
high dose: excitement |
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Term
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Definition
M: Cholinergic antagonist
S: Similar to atropine but NO CNS EFFECT
used during general anesthesia to decrease salivary and airway secretions and to PREVENT BRADYCARDIA |
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Term
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Definition
M: Cholinergic antagonist
S: used in the eye to produce mydriasis (dilation) and cycloplegia (cant focus) for ophthalmic exam
shorter duration of action than atropine |
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Term
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Definition
M: Cholinergic antagonist
S: Decrease bronchoconstriction and airway secretions
NO ENTRY INTO CNS
Promote bronchodilation |
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Term
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Definition
M: Cholinergic antagonists
S: promote urine retention |
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Term
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Definition
M: Competitive NMJ blocker
S: long duration,(2-3hr) renal elimination (increased half-life w/ renal dz) |
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Term
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Definition
M: Competitive NMJ blocker
S: intermediate duration (.5-1 hr)
spontaneous degradation (temp and pH dependent- reduced with hypothermia and acidosis, leading to incrased half life and duration of action) and hydrolysis
HALF LIFE NOT INCREASED W/ RENAL DZ |
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Term
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Definition
M: Competitive NMJ blocker
S: Short duration (15 min)
rapid hydrolysis - half life not increased with renal dz
promotes histamine release |
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Term
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Definition
M: Depolarizing NMJ blocker (non-competitive NMJ blocker)
S: cause prolonged motor end plate depolarization by stimulation of NMJ nicotinic receptors
rapid onset (1min)
Ultra short acting (5min)
histamine release
hyperkalemia |
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Term
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Definition
M: adrenergic agonist
S:Potent A and B agonists
B1: increased cardiac output
A1: vasoconstriction
B2: increase skeletal muscle blood flow
low dose: decrease BP via B2 dominance
High dose: Increase BP via A1 dominance
B2 powerful bronchodilator |
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Term
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Definition
M:adrenergic agonist
S: major NT released by post ganglionic sympathetic nerves
B1 EPI = NE
B2: EPI >>>>> NE
B3: EPI>NE
intense vasoconstriction and increase in BP
WILL NOT ACT ON B2 (NO LUNG EFFECT) |
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Term
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Definition
M: Adrenergic Agonist
S: (low dose) stimulates vascular D1 receptors= vasodilation and increases renal blood flow and sodium excretion
stimulates Cardiac B1 receptors- positive inotropic effect = Increase CO
(Higher Dose)
stimulate vascular A1 receptors Vasoconstriction and decrease renal blood flow
USe low dose IV infusion for CHF with compromised renal function |
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Term
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Definition
M: Non- Selective B adrenergic agonist
S: increased cardiac contractility (B1) with minimal changes in HR
MINIMAL CHANGE IN BP |
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Term
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Definition
M: Selective B2 adrenergic agonist
S: B2 agonist= Bronchodilator |
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Term
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Definition
M: Selective B2 adrenergic agonist
S: used for allergic bronchitis, recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) |
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Term
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Definition
M: Selective A1 adrenergic agonist
S: A1= vasoconstrictor. Decongestant, vasopressor |
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Definition
M: Selective A2 adrenergic agonist
S: A2 agonist= CNS Depression
Widley used as adjunct for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in veterinary med. High Safety profile which Allows for a lower dose of other anesthetic/analgesic agents with lower safety profiles |
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Definition
M: Non selective A antagonists. blocks irreversibly A1 and A2 receptors
S: reduces urethral sphincter tone |
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Definition
M: Non-selective A antagonists. reversibly blocks A1 and A2 receptors
S: increases urethral tone |
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Definition
M: Selective A1 adrenergic antagonists
S: relax ARTERIAL AND VENOUS smooth muscle = vasodilation |
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Definition
M: Selective A2 adrenergic antagonists
S: used to reverse sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine. rapid reversal of sedation (min) with minimal risk for relapse into sedation
Increases sympathetic activity |
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Term
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Definition
M: Nonselective B adrenergic antagonist with equal affinity for B1 and B2 receptors
S: antiarrhythic action from decreased sympathetic stimulation. decreases HR, reduce Cardiac O2 demand |
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Term
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Definition
M: nonselective B adrenergic antagonist
S: ocular use to decrease aqueous humor production during glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
M: Selective B1 adrenergic antagonists
S: Decreases heart rate and cardiac contractility
- excessive sympathetic stimulation is proarrythmogenic, decrease cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
M: Class 1A: moderate conduction slowing
S: prolongs the refractory period.
Use: supraventricular tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
M: Class 1B little conduction slowing. binds to inactivated sodium channels and keeps them in the inactivated state.
S: Shortens refractory period.
Use: ventricular tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
M: Class 1 C: PROFOUND decrease in conduction vel.
S: Use only in life threatening arrhythmias HUGE Tachycardia or fibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
M: Class 3: action potential prolonging
Predominatly block K channels, thereby prolonging the action potential which increases the refractory period.
S: do not affect the Na channels |
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Term
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Definition
M:Class 4: calcium channel blockers
primary effect is to slow AV nodal conduction
Use: decrease ventricular response to atrial fibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks AV nodal conduction |
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Term
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Definition
M:PDE3 Inhibitor- increase PKA activity-leads to increased calcium channel activity - increased ca- increased contraction
S: increases calcium influx
S: |
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Term
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Definition
M:Cardiac glycoside. Inhibition of the NA/K ATPase-increases intracellular sodium
Na/Ca exchanger- activity is regulated Solely by the concentration of sodium and ca. Increased Sodium in the cell will decrease calcium efflux through the exchanger
S: Decreases calcium efflux
LOTS of other effects. Na/K ATPase is found in all cells |
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Term
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Definition
M: Enhance the contractile process directly. Increases calcium binding to troponin C. Enhances myocardial contraction.
S: This effect requires only a small increase in energy (O2). Not associated with arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| M: ACE inhibitor. Prevents conversion of Ang 1 to Ang 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| M: angiotensin receptor antagonist of AT1 receptors. Blocks pro-hypertensive effects of Ang 2 |
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Term
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Definition
M: Calcium channel antagoinist by decreasing channel activity
S: usually temporary and it decreased total peripheral resistance |
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Term
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Definition
M: G THANG! NO-GC-cGMP-PKG
S:Effect is VENOUS dilation |
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Term
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Definition
M: G thang!! NO-GC-cGMP-PKG
S:Arterial AND venous dilation
Light sensitive. sunlight produces cyanide. Should be slightly brownish. |
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Term
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Definition
M:Phosphodiesterase Type 5. Inhibition results in increased levels of cGMP which lead to increased PKG activity which leads to decreased Ca
S: USeful for managing pulmonary hypertension throught vasodilation |
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Term
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Definition
M:Osmotic Diuretic. Amount filtered exceeds tubular transport.
S:Used to treat or prevent oliguric renal failure, cerebral edema, acute glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
M: Carbonic ANhydrase Inhibitor Increase loss of Bicarb and tendency to increase urine pH
S:Weak diuretic effect. Used to treat metabolic alkalosis, glaucoma, altitude sickness |
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Term
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Definition
M:Loop Diuretic. Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the thich ascending limb of the LOH. MOST EFFECTIVE DIURETIC
S:May cause hypokalemia. May increase urinary loss of Ca. Used to treat oliguric renal failure, CHF, acute pulmonary hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
M: THiazide Diuretic. Block the Na/Cl channel.
S: Not as effective as loop diuretics. Used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, udder edema in cattle, Ca containing uroliths |
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Term
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Definition
K Sparing Diuretics
M: blocks aldosterone induces expression of multiple genes
S: In vet med. most often used in combo with a loop diuretic |
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Term
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Definition
K Sparing Diuretic
M: epithelial sodium channel blocker
S: used in combo with loop diuretics |
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