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Pgs 36-48
The Chemical Level of Organization
37
Anatomy
Not Applicable
02/13/2011

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Term
Chemical Reactions
Definition
Occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms; foundation of all life processes
Term
Reactants
Definition
starting substances
Term
Products
Definition
ending substances
Term
Energy

"en" = in ; "ergy" = work
Definition
capacity to do work
Term
Potential energy
Definition
energy stored by matter due to its position
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
energy associated with matter in motion
Term
Chemical energy
Definition
form of potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds and molecules
Term
Law of Conservation of energy
Definition
energy can neither be created nor destroyed only converted or transferred from one form to another
Term
Exergonic Reactions

"ex" = out
Definition
release more energy then they absorb
Term
Endergonic Reactions

"end" = within
Definition
absorb more energy than they release
Term
Activation energy
Definition
collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of reactants
Term
Concentration
Definition
more particles of matter present in a confined space
Term
Temperature
Definition
as it rises, particles of matter move more rapidly
Term
Catalysts
Definition
chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
Term
Synthesis Reactions AKA Anabolism
Definition
when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules
Term
Decomposition Reactions AKA Catabolism
Definition
split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules
Term
Exchange Reactions
Definition
consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions
Term
Reversible Reactions
Definition
products convert to original reactants that are indicated by 2 half arrows pointing in the opposite directions
Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
lack carbon and are structurally simple
Term
organic Compounds
Definition
contain carbon and usually hydrogen
Term
Water
Definition
most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems mostly due to its covalent polar bonds
Term
Hydrophilic

"hydro" = water ; "philic" = loving
Definition
solutes that are charged or contain polar covalent bonds that easily dissolve in water
Term
Hydrophobic

"hydro" = water ; "phobic" = fearing
Definition
molecules that contain mainly non-polar covalent bonds are not very water soluble
Term
Hydrolysis

"hydro" = water ; "lysis" = to loosen or break apart
Definition
to loosen or break apart large molecule into smaller nutrient molecules by the addition of water
Term
Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

"de" = from, down, or out ; "hydra" = water
Definition
when two smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule and water is a product that's formed
Term
Mixture
Definition
combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but not bound by chemical bonds
Term
Colloid
Definition
differs from solutions mainly because of the size of its particles that are large enough to scatter light
Term
Suspension
Definition
suspended material may mix with the liquid or suspending medium for some time but will eventually settle out
Term
Solution
Definition
once mixed together, solutes remain evenly dispersed
Term
Salt
Definition
when dissolved in water dissociates into cations and anions
Term
Buffer Systems
Definition
chemical compounds that can convert strong acids or bases into weak ones
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
function mainly as a source of chemical energy generating ATP needed to drive metabolic reactions which includes sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose
Term
Glycogen
Definition
main sugar in human body that is made entirely of glucose monomers linked to one another in branching chains
Term
Lipids
Definition
insoluble in water causing them to be hydrophobic
Term
Fatty Acids
Definition
simplest of lipids which are used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids
Term
Fat
Definition
solid triglyceride at room temperature which are mostly saturated
Term
Oil
Definition
liquid triglyceride at room temperature which are mostly unsaturated
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