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Pgs 12-24
Introduction to the Human Body
56
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/25/2011

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Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
A position of the body universally used in anatomical descriptions in which the body is erect, the head is level, the eyes face forward, the upper limbs are at the sides, the palms face forward, and the feet are flat on the floor
Term
Pronation
Definition
a movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned posteriorly
Term
Supination
Definition
a movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly
Term
Regional Anatomy
Definition
division of anatomy dealing with a specific region of the body, such as the head, neck, chest, or abdomen
Term
Directional Terms
Definition
words that describe the position of one body part relative to another; usually grouped pairs of opposite meanings
Term
Superior
&
Inferior
Definition
toward the head or the upper part of a structure

away from the head or the lower part of a structure
Term
Anterior
&
Posterior
Definition
nearer to or at the front of the body

nearer to or at the back of body
Term
Medial
&
Lateral
Definition
nearer to the mid-line

farther from the mid-line
Term
Intermediate
Definition
between two structures
Term
Ipsilateral
&
Contralateral
Definition
on the same side of the body as another structure

on the opposite side of the body from another structure
Term
Proximal
&
Distal
Definition
nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure
Term
Superficial
&
Deep
Definition
toward or on the surface of the body

away from the surface of the body
Term
Planes
Definition
imagery flat surfaces that pass through the body parts
Term
Section
Definition
cut of the body or one of its organs made along one of the planes
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
plane that divides the body or organs into left and right portions
Term
midsagittal plane AKA median plane
Definition
a sagittal plane divided into two equal parts
Term
Parasagittal Plane
Definition
Sagittal Plane divided into two unequal parts
Term
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Definition
plane at a right angle to a midsagittal plane that divides the body or organs into anterior and posterior portions
Term
Transverse Plane AKA Cross Sectional and/or Horizontal Plane
Definition
plane that divides the body or organs into superior and inferior portions
Term
Oblique Plane
Definition
Plane that passes through the body or an organ at an angle between the transverse plane and either the midsagittal, parasagittaal, or frontal plane
Term
Body Cavities
Definition
spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
body cavity formed by the cranial bones and containing the brain
Term
Vertebral (spinal) Canal
Definition
cavity within the vertebral column formed by the vertebral foramina of all the vertebrae and containing the spinal cord AKA spinal canal
Term
Thoracic Cavity

"thorac" = chest
Definition
cavity superior to the diaphragm that contains two pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardinal cavity
Term
Pericardial Cavity

"peri" = around ; "cardial" = heart
Definition
small potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium that contains pericardial fluid
Term
Pleural Cavities

"pleur" = rib or side
Definition
small potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae, filled with a small amount of lubricating fluid
Term
Mediastinum

"media" = middle ; "stinum" = partition
Definition
the anatomical region on the thoracic cavity between pleurae of the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm
Term
Diaphragm = partition or wall
Definition
dome shaped skeletal muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Definition
inferior to the diaphragm that is subdivided into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity
Term
Abdominal Cavity

"abdomin" = belly
Definition
superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallladder, most of the small intestine and part of the large intestine
Term
Pelvic Cavity

"pelv" = basin
Definition
inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum,and internal female and male reproductive structures
Term
Viscera
Definition
the organs inside the ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
Term
Serous Membrane
Definition
covers viscera within these cavities that contains two layers called parietal and visceral layers and does not open to the exterior
Term
Parietal Layer
Definition
pertaining to or forming the outer wall of a body cavity
Term
Visceral Layer
Definition
pertaining to the organs or to the covering of an organ
Term
Retroperitoneal

"retro" = behind
Definition
external to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity
Term
Abdominopelvic Regions
Definition
two lines horizontal and vertical lines look like a tic tac grid that separate in to 9 parts; right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal, hypogastric (pubic), left Inguinal (iliac)
Term
Abdominopelvic Quadrants

"quad" = one-fourth
Definition
simpler and divides with a vertical and horizontal line into 4 parts; right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quandrant (LLQ)
Term
Medical Imaging
Definition
techniques and procedures used to create images of the human body
Term
What does the head consist of?
Definition
consists of the skull and face
Term
What does the neck consist of?
Definition
supports the head and attaches it to the trunk
Term
What does the trunk consist of?
Definition
consists of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis
Term
What does the upper limb consist of?
Definition
attaches to the trunk and consists of the shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
Term
What does the lower limb consist of?
Definition
attaches to the trunk and consists of the buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
Term
Meninges
Definition
3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Singular is meninx
Term
Pleura
Definition
the serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and the diaphragm
Term
Visceral Pleura
Definition
layer that clings to the surface of the lungs
Term
Parietal Pleura
Definition
anterior part that lines the chest wall, covering the superior surface of the diaphragm
Term
Pericardium
Definition
a loose-fitting membrane that encloses the heart, consisting of a superficial fibrous layer and a deep serous layer
Term
Visceral Pericardium
Definition
covers the surface of the heart
Term
Parietal Pericardium
Definition
lines the chest wall
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
Term
Visceral Peritoneum
Definition
covers the abdominal viscera
Term
Parietal Peritoneum
Definition
lines the abdominal wall, covering the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Term
Peritoneal Cavity
Definition
between the visceral & parietal peritoneum which contains a small amount of lubricating fluids
Term
umbilicus

"umbilic" = navel
Definition
also known as belly button
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