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| earliest Greek civilization that resided on Crete (a big island); they used Linear A (pictogram language); had architecturally advanced palaces; some sort of royalty/class system; worshipped animal gods; lots of trade due to being on island; many ships & skilled craftsmen; created frescoes |
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| the first Greek civilization that lived in Stone Age conditions on the Greek mainland; tough-warlike, acquisitive people that traded from the strong and took from the weak; had conflict with Hittite kings of Anatolia; only the elite classes owned metals; Bronze Age collapsed at the end of the Mycenaeans |
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| the early Greek writing system that was developed by the Mycenaeans |
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| skilled shipbuilders that arrived in Greece after the Dark Age; developed the first true alphabet (alphabet that represents the sounds & writing), this alphabet was easier to learn which created more literate people & more jobs; |
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| people that acted as governors and were assigned to rule over several districts in the Persian empire |
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| the founder of the Persian empire; famous for respecting everyone’s beliefs/religions although he was a Zoroaster |
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| a skilled, energetic and ruthless leader who gave the most important posts to Persians; completed a canal linking Red Sea & Nile; divided the empire into 20 districts w/ satraps for each districts; constructed Persepolis |
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| a monotheistic religion based in the idea of good versus evil; Darius manipulated the religion to political ideology; fire & water were beleved to be holy; the truth was very important; basically = monotheistic, humans had a high ethical standard & were promised salvation |
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| a Greek word for city state |
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| democracy but only male citizens of Athens could vote; not a true democracy |
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| government run by rich people |
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| heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece |
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| the “father of history”; wrote about wars, legends, and geography |
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| after the Ionian Revolt (great uprising of the Greeks) the Persian army attack Greece twice; Athenian hoplites defeated them |
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| a powerful naval city-state; 4 class system; laid the foundation of democracy; ruled by tyrants; good culture, festivals, cultured & great arts/arch |
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| Helots uprise leads to very militaristic society; isolationist; no currency – lack of trade – lack of culture |
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| the war against Athens led by Sparta & its allies |
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| created 4 classes based on annual farm yield (top 3 could hold state office, bottom could participate in Assembly meetings); people who couldn’t pay taxes were enslaved |
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| mentored by Socrates & taught at an elite Academy of which he refused to write down what happened |
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| created the Assembly, Council of 500 & Peoples’ Courts; poor men could still participate & any citizen could speak about issues |
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| historical period in Greece from the end of the Persian War to the death of Pericles/Peloponnesian War |
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| a province above Greece; Alexander the Great came from here |
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| an incredible leader who unified many nations & was mentored by Aristotle; conquered Persian Empire & reached the Indus Valley; spread Greek culture across the Middle East |
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| the spread of Greek culture under the conquests of Alexander the Great |
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| "cradle of the modern world" |
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| Greece brought the main ideas of culture, arts & architectural and especially politics; polises, **democracy, naval power, war strategies, law tactics |
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