Term
| Central nervous system consists of... |
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Definition
| The brain and spinal medulla. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common characteristics of spinal nerves |
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Definition
3 roots (anterior and posterior spinal nerve roots and a gray ramus comunicans)
3 initial branches:
Anterior Primary Division
Posterior Primary Division
Recurrent Meningeal |
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Term
| What division contributes to the formation of somatic plexuses? |
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Definition
| Anterior Primary Division |
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Term
| Peripheral Visceral Nervous System |
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Definition
Regulates and controls the internal environment of body-homeostasis (vital functions)
2 divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
Craniosacral
Control of greater splanchnic organs (lungs, heart, digestive, urogenital)
Fibers carries by C.N. III, VII, IX, X and Sacral Spinal Nerves 2-4 |
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Term
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Definition
Thoracolumbar
Controls all visceral structures in the body except the constrictor pupillae muscle.
Innervates same organs as parasympathetics plus all blood vessels and glands. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Upper Motor Neuron
Locations |
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Definition
| In the pre-central gyrus of the fromtal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere (Broadman area #4) |
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Term
The Motor Homunculus
Constituted of what? |
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Definition
| Constituted of Upper Motor Neuron |
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Term
Lower Motor Neuron
Location |
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Definition
| Located in the brainstem for the cranial nerves; in the anterior gray column of the spinal cord for the spinal nerves. |
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Term
Lower Motor Neurons
Innervate |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary Somaesthetic Neurons |
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Definition
Pseudo unipolar
Always found outside the CNS in a sensory ganglion. |
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Term
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Definition
Impairment of sensory pathway.
(diminished sensibility) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Primary Olfactory Neurons
Classification |
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Definition
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Term
Primary Olfactory Neurons
Location |
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Definition
| Bowman's Membrane in nasal mucosa covering superior nasal concha and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of 40-50 thousand axons gathered from primary sensory neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Openings in the cribriform plate, Fila Olfactoria pass through them. |
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Term
| Location of secondary olfactory neurons |
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Definition
| Within the Olfactory Bulb |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the secondary neurons in the olfactory bulb. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capsule like structures where the Primary sensory neurons synapse with the secondary sensory neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
Constricted part of the olfactory bulb.
Gives rise to medial and lateral striae |
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Term
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Definition
The brain center of olfaction
Broadman 34 |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects olfactory brain to visceral brain. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Derived from crura converging giving rise to 2 columns that end in the mammillary bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
The Olfactory brain.
Consists of components from the olfactory bulb to the uncus gyrus. |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased sense of smell
Can be caused by damage to any part of the Rhinencephalon |
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Term
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Definition
Unable to smell
Requires a total separation/destruction of Bowman's membrane. |
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Term
Optic Nerve (II)
Lacks a... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Outer coat
Made of sclera and cornea |
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Term
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Definition
White part
Occupies the posterior 4/5 of the outer coat.
Maintains shape or form of eyeball |
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Term
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Definition
Cornea is translucent
Anterior 1/5 of outer coat |
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Term
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Definition
Intermediate coat over eye
3 major components:
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris |
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Term
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Definition
The retina
Image of external objects received here |
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Term
Ten layers/laminae of inner coat
From vitreous body to chhoroid (inside out) |
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Definition
Membrana limitans internum
Stratum opticum
Ganglionic
Inner plexiform
Inner Nuclear
Outer plexiform
Outer Nuclear
Membrana limitans externum
rods and cones (Jacob's Membrane)
Cementing layer |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibers are redirected backward, gathered into bundles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Principal nucleus of termination for Optic Nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Reflect nucleus effecting movement of eye relative to visual image. |
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Term
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Definition
reflex nucleus, gives rise to fibers of the tectospinal tract.
Reflex movements of the head and neck from visual immage. |
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Term
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Definition
Cortical center of vision.
Receives images from the opposite half of the visual field from the ipsilateral lateral geniculate body |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the corpus callosum where the two halves of the visual field are integrated. |
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Term
| Lesion of one optic tract |
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Definition
| results in hemianopia (loss of perception of the opposite half of visual field) |
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Term
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Definition
| Result in some degree of blindness in that eye. Total transection results in total blindness in that eye. |
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Term
| Interruption of decussating fibers in the chiasma |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the medial root of the optic tract.
Connects the medial geniculate bodies
Aids in stereophonics (nothing to due with vision) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Optic nerve is best described as a... |
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Definition
| tract within the brain rather than a true peripheral nerve. |
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Term
| The Nucleus of Origin for Oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
Nucleus Oculomotorius (found in midbrain)
Consists of 5 somatic nuclei and
1 visceral and parasympathetic |
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Term
| Visceral Nucleus of Oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
Edinger-Westphal's Nucleus
Innervates 2 intrinsic smooth muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dura adhering to the outer part of the oculomotor nerve. |
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Term
| Muscles innervated by the Occulomotor nerve |
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Definition
Levator palpebrae Superioris
Rectus Oculi Superioris
Rectus Oculi Medialis Muscle
Rectus Oculi Inferioris Muscle
Obliquus Oculi Inferioris Muscle |
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Term
| Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
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Definition
| Raises the upper eyelid, opening the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle that causes the eye to look straight upward |
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Term
| Superior Ramus of Oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
Divides into two branches
Supply Levator Palpebrae Superioris and
Rectus Oculi Superioris |
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Term
| Inferior Ramus of Oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
Divides into four branches:
3 somatic: supply rectus oculi medialis, rectus oculi inferioris, obliquus oculi.
1 visceral: Innervate ciliaris and constrictor pupillae |
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Term
| Rectus Oculi Medialis Muscle |
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Definition
| Causes the eye to look straight mediall (adduction) |
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Term
| Rectus Oculi Inferioris Muscle |
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Definition
| Causes the eye to look straight down. |
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Term
| Obliquus Oculi Inferioris Muscle |
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Definition
| Causes the eye to look superolaterally. |
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Term
| Visceral Branch of Inferior Ramus of Oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
| Composed of preganglionic visceral efferent fibers from Edinger-Westphal nucleus which synapse with cells of ciliary ganglion. |
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Term
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Definition
Postganglionic visceral efferent fibers
Run from ciliary ganglion to the back of the eye.
Supply ciliaris and constrictor pupillae |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases convexity of the crystalline lens for near objects (myopic vision) |
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Term
| Constrictor(Sphincter)Pupillae |
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Definition
Only muscle innervated by only parasympathetics
Decreases the amount of light entering the eyeball. |
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Term
| Communication between occulomotor nerve and ophthalmic nerve |
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Definition
Within the cavernous plexus.
Proprioceptive fibers and vasomotor fibers. |
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Term
| Cortical center for the oculomotor Nerve |
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Definition
The superior frontal gyrus
Broadman's Area 8 |
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Term
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Definition
Supplied bu sympathetic nervous system.
Increases light entering eye. |
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Term
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Definition
Neurons of their fibers often are related to other neurons or their fibers without synapses.
e.g. Motor nerves have communicating proprioceptive fibers that accompany the motor fibers but carry impulses from the muscle. |
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Term
| The sympathetic nervous system controls all visceral structures in the human body except... |
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Definition
| the constrictor pupilae muscle |
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Term
| The lateral internal carotid nerve becomes the |
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Definition
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Term
| The medial internal carotid nerve becomes the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest of the cranial nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Obliquus oculi superioris |
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Definition
causes the eye to look inferolaterally
(outward and downward) |
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Term
| As the trochlear nerve passes through the cavernous sinus it communicates with the... |
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Definition
| Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal and the cavernous plexus. |
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Term
| Blood vessels of the Obliquus oculi superioris are supplied by |
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Definition
| Fibers of the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
| Cortical center for the trochlear nerve is the... |
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Definition
| Superior frontal Gyrus AKA (Brodmann's area 8) |
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Term
| A lesion affecting the trochlear nerve |
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Definition
| May result in the eye having an upward slightly outward glare and the eye cannot look out and down. |
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Term
| Largest (in diameter) cranial nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic portion of trigeminal supplies... |
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Definition
the 4 primary muscles of mastication:
Temporalis
Pterygoideus internus and externus
The Masseter
2 Musscles of Deglutition:
Anterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid
And:
Tensor Veli palati
Tensor tympani |
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Term
| The sensory fibers of Trigeminal consiste of... |
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Definition
| the central processes from pseudounipolar neurons of the Gasserian Ganglion (AKA semilunar or trigeminal) |
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Term
| The largest sensory Ganglion in the body |
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Definition
| The Gasserian (semilunar or trigemingal) Ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
At the uppermost portion of the collums extending well into the midbrain.
A nucleas of termination that may contain some primary sensory neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small independent nucleas mid pons |
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Term
| Nucleas of the spinal trigeminal tract |
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Definition
Lowermost portion of the column, extends into M.O.
A nucleas of termination for C.N. V, VII, IX, and X. |
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Term
| 3 "bundles" emerging from Gasserian Ganglion |
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Definition
Ophthalmic Nerve (upper, sensory)
Maxillary Nerve (middle, sensory)
Mandibular (largest, Mixed) |
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Term
Ophthalmic Nerve
Innervates what portion of the face? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ophthalmic Nerve communicates with what other nerves in the Cavernous Sinus? |
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Definition
III,IV, VI providing proprioception
Also with cavernous plexus. |
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Term
3 divisions of Ophthalmic Nerve
Smallest to largest |
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Definition
Lacrimal N.
Nasociliary N.
Frontal N. |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of the Ophthalmic N. Trigeminal
Supplies: Lacrimal gland and adjacent conjunctiva |
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Term
Nasociliary Nerve
Branch of what?
Branches |
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Definition
Branch of Opthalmic N. Trigeminal
Gives off 6 Branches
Ciliary Nerve
Long Ciliary Nerve
Infratrochlear Nerve
Ethmoidal Nerve
Internal Nasal Nerve
External Nasal Nerve |
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Term
Ciliary Nerve
Branch of?
Run to? |
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Pass through ciliary ganglion to the back of the eyeball via short ciliary nerves. |
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Term
Long Ciliary Nerves
Branch
Supply |
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Run directly into eyeball, supply sensory to ciliary body, iris, cornea |
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Term
| Ciliaris and Dilator Pupillae M. Innervation |
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Definition
| Ciliary and Long ciliary nerves |
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Term
Infratrochlear Nerve
Branch of:
Supplies |
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Supplies structures in the eye socket below the trochlear tendon |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Anterior and Posterior branches
Supply the mucus membrane of the ethmoidal and sphenoidal (part of) sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Supplies mucous membrane of upper nasal cavity including olfactory mucosa and frontal sinus. |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of the Nasociliary N, Ophthalmic N, Trigeminal
Supplies sking and fascia of the side of the nose. |
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Term
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Definition
Largest branch of Opthalmic Nerve
Gives off 2 branches:
Supratrochlear N.
Supraorbital N. |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of Frontal N. Ophthalmic Division Trigeminal
Supplies structures of the eye socket above the trochlear tendon |
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Term
Supraorbital N.
Branch of...
Passes through...
supplies... |
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Definition
Largest branch of Frontal N. Ophthalmic Division Trigeminal
Supraorbital foramen
Supplies most of skin and fascia of eyebrow, forehead, and anterior part of the scalp. |
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Term
Supraorbital N.
Communications... |
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Definition
| Communicates with greater occipital nerve (C2) at vertex of skull (supplies skin over back of skull). |
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Term
Maxillary Nerve
Size/position
Classification |
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Definition
Intermedite (in size and position) branch trigeminal.
Purely sensory |
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Term
Maxillary nerve
Passes through...
Cranial Vault exit
Enters Eye through... |
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Definition
Cavernous sinus
Foramen Rotundum
Inferior Orbital Fissure |
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Term
| 9 Branches of Maxillary Nerve |
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Definition
Middle Meningeal N.
Zygomatic N.
Pterygopalatine N.
Posterior Superior Alveolar N.
Middle Superior Alveolar N.
Anterior Superior Alveolar N.
Inferior Palpebral N.
External Nasal N.
Superior Labial N. |
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Term
Middle Meningeal N.
Uniqueness
Supplies! |
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Definition
Only branch of Maxillary given off in cranial vault.
Dura mater of the middle cranial fossa. |
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Term
| Branches of Maxillary N. given off in pterygopalatine fossa |
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Definition
Zygomatic N.
Pterygopalatine N.
Posterior Superior Alveolar N. |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of Maxillary Division Trigeminal
Divides into zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of Zygomatic N, Maxillary Division Trigeminal
Supplies the skin and fascia over the side of the forehead and over the temple. |
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Term
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Definition
Branch of Zygomatic N., Maxillary Division Trigeminal
Supplies the skin and fascia over the prominence of the cheek. |
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Term
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Definition
2 stumpy branches that pass into the pterygopalatine ganglion.
They are then redistributed in 4 groups. |
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Term
| 4 groups emerging from the pterygopalatine nucleus |
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Definition
Orbital group: runs through eye socket, supply the mucous membrains of ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses
Palatine group: Supplies the palatum durum and palatum molle.
Posterior Superior Nasal Group: passes through the sphenopalatine foramen. Form the nasopalatine nerve, supply mucous membranes of nasal cavity.
Pharyngeal group: passes through pharyngeal canal to mucus membranes of the nasopharynx and pharyngeal tonsil. |
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Term
Four groups emerging from the pterygopalatine nucleus
Sensory fibers |
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Definition
Parasympathetic Postganglionic fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion
Sympathetic Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. |
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