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Peripheral Nervous System
Human Anatomy - Dr. Gardner
125
Anatomy
Not Applicable
11/06/2011

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Cards

Term
What are cranial nerves?
Definition
Nerves that extend from the brain
Term
How many cranial nerves are there?
Definition
12 Pairs
Term
What is the name and number of the first cranial nerve?
Definition
I-Olfactory Nerve
Term
What is the function of the first cranial nerve?
Definition
Olfaction (Smell)
Term
What openings in the skull transmit the first cranial nerve?
Definition
Foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
Term
What cranial nerve is transmitted by the foramina of the crbriform plate of the ethmoid?
Definition
I-Olfactory Nerve
Term
What is the name and number of the second cranial nerve?
Definition
II-Optic Nerve
Term
What is the function of the second cranial nerve?
Definition
Vision
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the second cranial nerve?
Definition
Optic Foramen
Term
What is the name and number of the third cranial nerve?
Definition
III-Oculomotor
Term
What is the somatic function of the third cranial nerve?
Definition
Supplies four extrinsic eye muscles, which move the eyeball, and the levator palpebrae superioris, which elevates the upper eyelid
Term
What is the parasympathetic motor function of the third cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates sphincter pupllae muscle in the eye (constricts pupil)
Contracts ciliary muscles to make lens of the eye more puffy (thicker, as needed for vision)
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the third cranial nerve?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
What is the name and number of the fourth cranial nerve?
Definition
IV-Trochlear
Term
What is the function of the fourth cranial nerve?
Definition
Supples one extrinsic eye muscle to move the eyeball inferiorly and laterally
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the fourth cranial nerve?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
What is the name and number of the fifth cranial nerve?
Definition
V-Trigeminal
Term
What are the three branches of the fifth cranial nerve?
Definition
Opthamic Branch (V1)
Maxillary Branch (V2)
Mandibular Branch (V3)
Term
What is the first branch of the fifth cranial nerve? What are its functions?
Definition
Opthalmic Branch
Conducts sensory impulses from the cornea, nose, forehead, and anterior scalp
Term
What is the second branch of the fifth cranial nerve? What are its functions?
Definition
Maxillary Branch
Conducts sensory impulses from nasal mucosa, palate gums and cheek
Term
What is the third branch of the fifth cranial nerve? What are its sensory functions?
Definition
Conducts sensory impulses from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, skin of the chin, lower jaw teeth, and one third of the sensory innervates muscles of the auricle of the ear
Term
What is the third branch of the fifth cranial nerve? What are its somatic functions?
Definition
Mandibular Branch
Innervates muscles of mastication and other muscles of lower facial region
Term
What openings in the skull transmit the opthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve?
Definition
Superior Orbital Fissure
Term
What openings in the skull transmet the maxillary brnc of the fifth cranial nerve?
Definition
Foramen Rotundum
Term
What openings in the skull transmit the mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve?
Definition
Foramen Ovale
Term
What is the name and number of the sixth cranial nerve?
Definition
VI-Abducens
Term
What is the function of the sixth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates one extrinsic eye muscle for abduction of the eyeball
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the sixth cranial nerve?
Definition
Superior orbial fissure
Term
What is the name and number of the seventh cranial nerve?
Definition
IIV-Facial
Term
What are the sensory functions of the seventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Term
What are the somatic motor functions of the seventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates the muscles of facial expression and other muscles of the facial region
Term
What are the parasympathetic motor functions of the seventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates the lacrimal gland and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Term
What openings in the skull transmit the seventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Internal auditory canal and stylomastoid foramen
Term
What is the name and number of the eighth cranial nerve?
Definition
VIII-Vestibulocochlear
Term
hat are the functions of the eighth cranial nerve?
Definition
Conducts impulses of hearing and equilibrium from the inner ear
Term
What opening in the skull transmit the eighth cranial nerve?
Definition
Internal Auditory Canal
Term
What is the name and number of the ninth cranial nerve?
Definition
IX-Glossopharyngeal
Term
What are the sensory functions of the ninth cranial nerve?
Definition
General sensation and taste from the posterior thid of the tongue
Conducts sensory information on blood pressure and blood chemistry from the cartoid sinuses
Term
What are the somatic functions of the ninth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates a pharyngeal muscle
Term
What are the parasympathetic motor functions of the ninth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates the partoid salivary gland
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the ninth cranial nerve?
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
What is the name and number of the tenth cranial nerve?
Definition
X-Vagus
Term
What are the sensory functions of the tenth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, as well as the external auditory canal
Term
What are the somatic motor functions of the tenth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates most pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
Term
What are the parasympathetic motor functions of the tenth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates myocardium and the smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic and abdominal viscera
Term
What opening in the skull transmit the tenth cranial nerve?
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
What is the name and number of the eleventh cranial nerve?
Definition
XI-Accessory
Term
What are the functions of the cranial root of the eleventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Travels with CN X fibers to the pharynx
Term
What are the functions of the spinal root of the eleventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the eleventh cranial nerve?
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
What is the name and number of the twelveth cranial nerve?
Definition
XII-Hypoglossal
Term
What are the functions of the twelveth cranial nerve?
Definition
Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
Term
What opening in the skull transmits the twelveth cranial nerve?
Definition
Hypoglossal Canal
Term
What are the two functions of the spinal cord?
Definition
Pathway for sensory and motor impulses
Spinal Reflexes
Term
What is the general shape of the spinal cord in cross-section?
Definition
Oval
Term
What depressions lie on the anterior and posterior surface of the spinal cord?
Definition
Posterior Median Sulcus
Anterior Median Sulcus
Term
Where does the spinal cord begin and end in an adult?
Definition
Foramen Magnum to L1
(All the way as a fetus)
Term
List the regions of the spinal cord.
Definition
Cervical Region
Thoracic Region
Lumbar Region
Sacral Region
Coccygeal Region
Term
What is the cauda equina?
Definition
Spinal nerves that extend from the end of the spinal cord (L1) to the end of the vertebral canal. A painr of spinal nerves exits the canal at each of the lower levels.
(Horse's Tail)
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
Definition
31
Term
List the regions of the spinal cord and the spinal verves associated with each each region.
Definition
Cervical Region: C1-C8
Thoracic Region: T1-T12
Lumbar Region: L1-L5
Sacral Region: S1-S5
Coccygeal Region: Co
Term
How does the dura mater within the vertebral canal differ from the dura within the cranial cavity?
Definition
It consist of one layer instead of two
Term
What portions of the spinal cord is composed of dendrites and cell bokies of neurons and glial cells and unmyelinated axons?
Definition
Gray Matter
Term
What portion of the spinal cord is composed our myelinated axons?
Definition
White Matter
Term
Within the spinal cord, where is gray matter located and how is it shaped?
Definition
Centrally
H-Shaped/Butterfly-Shaped
Term
Within the spinal cord, what are the anterior masses of gray matter that cnotain the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons?
Definition
Anterior Horns
Term
Within the spinal cord, from T1-L2, what structures contain the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons?
Definition
Lateral Horns
Term
Within the spinal cord, what are the posterior masses of gray matter that contain the axons of sensory neurons and the cell bodies of the interneurons?
Definition
Posterior Horns
Term
What horizontal bar of gray matter surrounds the central canal within the spinal cord?
Definition
Gray Commissure
Term
What fills the central canal of the spinal cord?
Definition
Cerebrospinal Fluid
(CSF)
Term
Within the regions of the spinal cord's gray matter, what are the various functional groups of neuron cell bodies?
Definition
Nuclei
Term
Where does the white matter of the spinal cord lie in relation to the gray matter?
Definition
External
Term
The white matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into three regions. What is each called?
Definition
Posterior Funiculus
Lateral Funiculus
Anterior Funiculus
Term
Anteriorly and posteriorly, what are the small attachments of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord?
Definition
Rootlets
Term
The numerous small attachments of a spinal verve to the spinal cord converge to form what structures?
Definition
Anterior Root
Posterior Root
Term
The cell bodies of sensory neurons associated with the pinal cord are found on what structures?
Definition
Posterior Root Ganglion
Term
The cell bodies of motor neurons within the spinal cord are found in what structures?
Definition
Anterior Horns
Term
Spinal nerves are formed by the convergence of what structures within what structure?
Definition
Anterior and posterior roots within the intervertebral foramen
Term
What are the two main branches of a spinal verve?
Definition
Posterior Ramus
Anterior Ramus
Term
What branches of a spinal nerve are associated with the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
Rami Communicantes
(Communicating Rami)
Term
What is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve?
Definition
Dermatomes
Term
What is a network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves?
Definition
Nerve Plexuses
Term
The anterior rami of T1-T11 travel in intercostal spaces. What are these nerves called?
Definition
Intercostal Nerves
Term
What term is used to refer to T12 because it lies below the ribs rather than between them?
Definition
Subcostal Nerve
Term
In general, what do intercostal nerves innervate?
Definition
Intercostal Muscles
Skin of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall
Term
The cervical plexus arises from what spinal nerves?
Definition
C1-C4
Term
Where is the cerical plexus located?
Definition
Deep on the lateral side of the neck
Term
What regions of the body does the cervical plexus innervate?
Definition
Anterior neck muscles
Skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders
Diaphragm
Term
What branch of the cervical plexus innervates the diaphragm?
Definition
Phrenic Nerve
Term
The brachial plexus arises from what spinal nerves?
Definition
C5-T1
Term
Where is the brachial plexus located?
Definition
Lateral neck and axilla
Term
What regions of the brachial plexus innervate?
Definition
Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extemity
Term
List the five nerves that innervate the upper extremity.
Definition
Axillary Nerve
Mdian Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Radial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
NO BRACHIAL NERVE!!!
Term
What is the motor innervation of the median nerve?
Definition
Anterior forearm muscles
Thenar muscles
Two ateral lumbricals
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the median nerve?
Definition
Palmar side of the 3 1/2 fingers and the lateral 1/2 of the ring finger and from the dorsal tips of the same fingers
Term
What is the motor innervation of the musculocutanious nerve?
Definition
Anterior Arm muscles
Term
What is the cutaious innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Definition
Lateral surface of the forearm
Term
What is the motor innervation of the radial nerve?
Definition
Posterior arm muscles
Posterior forearm muscles
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the radial nerve?
Definition
Posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand
Term
What is the motor innervation of the ulnar nerve?
Definition
Some of the aterior forearm muscles
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (Hypothenar muscles, palmar and interossei, and the medial two lumbricals)
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the ulnar nerve?
Definition
Dorsal and palmar aspects of the medial 1 1/2 fingers
Term
The lumbar plexus arises from the anterior rami of what spinal nerves?
Definition
L1-L4
Term
What is the main nerve of the posterior division of the lumbar plexus?
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
What is th motor innervation of the femoral nerve?
Definition
Anterior thigh muscles
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve?
Definition
Anterior and inferomedial thigh
Medial aspect of the leg
Term
What is the main nerve of the anterior division of the lumbar plexus?
Definition
Obturator Nerve
Term
What is the motor innervation of the oburator nerve?
Definition
Medial thigh muscles
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of he obturator nerve?
Definition
Superomedial skin of the thigh
Term
What other regions of the body do small branches of the lumbar plexus innervate?
Definition
Abdominal wall
The scrotum and the labia
Interior portions of the abdominal muscles
Term
The anterior rami of what spinal nerves form the sacral plexus?
Definition
L4-S4
Term
Nerves emerging from the sacral plexus innervate what portions of the body?
Definition
Posterior thigh
Gluteal region
Pelvis
Perineum
Almost all of the leg and foot
Term
What are the two main divisions of the sacral plexus?
Definition
Anterior
Posterior
Term
Nerves of the sacral plexus arising from the anterior division tend to innervate what muscles?
Definition
Muscles that flex (or plantar flex) parts of the lower limb
Term
What is the largest and longest nerve in the body?
Definition
Sciatic Nerve
Term
What nerve is formed from the anterior divisions of the sciatic nerve?
Definition
Tibial Nerve
Term
What division of what nerve innervates the hamstrings?
Definition
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
Term
Within the leg, what nerve innervates the plantar flexors of the foot and the flexors of the toes?
Definition
Tibial nerve
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the tibial nerve?
Definition
Plantar surface of the foot
Term
What nerve is formed from the posterior division of the sciatic nerve?
Definition
Common fibular nerve
Term
What division of what nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris?
Definition
Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
Term
What are the two main divisions of the common fibular nerve?
Definition
Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Term
What is the motor innervation of the deep fibular nerve?
Definition
Anterior leg muscles
Muscles of the dorum of the foot
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the deep fibular nerve?
Definition
Skin between the first and second toes on the dorsum of the foot
Term
What is the cutaneous innervation of the superficial fibular nerve?
Definition
Anteroinferior part of the leg
Most of the dorsum of the foot
Term
What nerve has the following motor and cutaneous innervation?
Motor-Poseterior arm muscles and the posterior forearm muscles
Cutaneous-Posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand
Definition
Radial Nerve
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