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Peripheral Blood Hematopoiesis
Lectures 12 & 13 Histology Exam 2
80
Anatomy
Graduate
10/10/2009

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Cards

Term
Name four functions of peripheral blood
Definition

1. Transport gases (O2, CO2)

2. Body temperature regulation

3. Delivers WBCs to target (sites of injury or infection)

4. Coagulation

Term
In what way is blood (specialized CT) different than other CTs in composition?
Definition
The ECM is more fluid than ECM of other CTs.
Term
What are the cells and ECM of blood?
Definition

Cells: formed elements

ECM: plasma

Term
What % of peripheral blood is hematocrit? Plasma? Buffy coat?
Definition

Hematocrit: 45%

Plasma: 55%

Buffy coat: 1%

Term

Compare amount of hematocrit between males and females

 

Definition

Males: 40%-50%

Females: 35%-45%

Term
Plasma is _____% water
Definition
90%
Term
The primary plamsa protein
Definition
albumin
Term
Albumin function
Definition

maintain colloid osmotic pressure

(osmotic pressure due to proteins in plasma)

Term
Plasma-coagulation factors=??
Definition
serum
Term
What is fibrinogin?
Definition
A clotting protein found in plasma, made by the liver
Term
What are gamma globulins?
Definition
They are made by plasma cells, and are globulins (antibodies)
Term
Where is albumin made?
Definition
liver
Term
Where do all peripheral blood cells originate from?
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Function of RBCs
Definition
Gas exchange
Term
Function of WBCs
Definition
host defense and immunity
Term
Function of platelets
Definition
coagulation
Term
Stains used to examine blood smears at light level
Definition
Romanowsky stains
Term

SIZE

  1. Erythrocytes
  2. neutrophils
  3. eosinophils
  4. basophils
  5. monocytes
  6. leukocytes
  7. platelets
Definition
  1. 8-10 microns
  2. 12-14 microns
  3. 12 microns
  4. 12 microns
  5. 16-20 microns
  6. 8-10 microns
Term
What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?
Definition
120 days
Term
What can cause polycythemia in a healthy individual?
Definition
Increased elevations
Term
What is the purpose of the biconcave disk shape of RBCs
Definition
This shape increases surface area for increased exposure of gases to hemoglobin
Term
Where are erythrocytes removed from circulation? (3)
Definition
In the spleen, liver and bone marrow
Term
Where do erythrocytes exchange O2/CO2?
Definition
Within the vasculature.
Term
What % of the population is Rh+
Definition
85%
Term
What are the contents of the buffy coat?
Definition
WBCs and platelets
Term
What is the concentration, per ml, of leukocytes?
Definition
6,500-10,000 cells/ml
Term
Where are WBCs transported? Where do they function?
Definition
Transported in the blood stream. Function in the interstitial spaces
Term
What is diapedesis?
Definition
This is the mechanism of WBCs exiting the blood vessel into the tissue.
Term
What are the primary functions of WBCs?
Definition
Response to injury and host defense
Term
What are the two general types of WBCs?
Definition
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
Term
Name the three granulocytes
Definition
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Term
Granulocytes are named for how their _________ __________ stain
Definition
"specific granules"
Term
Name the two agranulocytes
Definition
monocytes and lymphocytes
Term
Name the two types of granules that all granulocytes have
Definition
primary granules (lysosomes) and specific granules (secretory vesicles)
Term
What is the most abundant of the granulocytes?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
Name a distinguishing feature of a neutrophil
Definition
Presence of a multilobed nuclei
Term
Name the phagocytic granulocytes of WBCs
Definition
neutrophils and eosinophils
Term
What is pus?
Definition
Dead bacteria, necrotic tissue, dead neutrophils
Term
Eosinophiles make up _____% of WBC count
Definition
4%
Term
What is the nuclear profile of eosinophils?
Definition
bi-lobed
Term
List 3 functions of eosinophils and which organelles are responsible
Definition
Primary granules: reduce inflammation response and phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complex. Specific granules: destroy parasitic worms. Ewwwww
Term
What does a eosinophil look like under EM
Definition
Noticeable specific granules due to major basic protein internum. Looks like a cat's eye
Term
What % of the WBC count are basophils?
Definition
< 1%
Term
What shape is the nucleus?
Definition
S-shaped, but can rarely see it.
Term
What is the function of basophils?
Definition
Inflammatory response, hypersensitivity reasctions
Term
What do the specific granules of basophils secrete?
Definition
heparin and histamine
Term
What do the secretory vesicles of basophils look like under EM?
Definition
Large, dense electron rich
Term
What type of secretion do basophils have?
Definition
Regulated
Term
Do agranulocytes have specific granules?
Definition
uh....NO
Term
What does the nuclei of a monocyte often look like?
Definition
Kidney shaped
Term
Monocytes are ___-___% of WBC count
Definition
3-8%
Term
What is the largest of the WBCs?
Definition
Monocyte
Term
What is the function of a monocyte?
Definition
Gives rise to marcophages
Term
Which cells are antigen presenting cells?
Definition
Macrophage
Term
If lymphocytes are the second most numerous WBC, then what is the %? Guess.
Definition
About 20%
Term
What is the smallest of the WBCs?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
What is distinguishing about the nuclear profile of lymphocytes?
Definition
Nucleus takes up most of the cytoplasm
Term
What is the job of a lymphocyte?
Definition
Immunity
Term
Name two major types of lymphocytes
Definition
B-cell and T-cells
Term
Where are B-cells born and raised?
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Where are T-cells born and raised?
Definition
Born in the bone marrow, raised in the thymus
Term
What type of immunity do B-cells confer?
Definition
Antibody-mediated immunity
Term
What other cells do B-cell make?
Definition
Plasma cells and memory B-cells
Term
Are plasma cells constitutive or regulatory?
Definition
constitutive
Term
T-cells confer _____ ________ immunity.
Definition
cell-mediated
Term
At TEM what shape do platelets have?
Definition
disk shape
Term
How big are platelets?
Definition
2-4 microns
Term
What is the life span of a platelet?
Definition
10 day or less
Term
What do platelets do?
Definition
They limit hemorrhage and stimulate inflammation
Term
What are the three A's of platelet response?
Definition
Activation, Adhesion, Aggregation
Term
What cell do platelets come from?
Definition
megakaryocytes
Term
Where are megakarayocytes found?
Definition
In the bone marrow
Term
What are demarcation channels?
Definition
Found in megakaryocytes, these are specializations of the plasma membrane that "tear" off giving platelets
Term
What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the adult?
Definition
Bone marrow
Term
Where is the most common site for a bone marrow biopsy?
Definition
Superior illiac crest (pelvis)
Term
What are three red marrow functions?
Definition
1. Produce/store cells.
2. Removal of aged cells from the blood
3. Recycling
Term
What is yellow marrow?
Definition
Resting red marrow with the potential to return to an active state. Fatty.
Term
How is a bone marrow smear different to a peripheral blood smear?
Definition
In a bone marrow smear there are lots of WBCs in different stages of maturation. In a peripheral blood smear there are mostly RBCs with a few mature WBCs
Term
These are undifferentiated cells with mitotic activity (self replication). They often give rise to progenitor cells.
Definition
Stem cells
Term
List in order from stem cells to mature cell.
Definition
Stem cell-->progenitor cell-->precursor cell-->mature cell
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