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Perineum Hadnout Notecards TTUHSC
Perineum Hadnout Notecards TTUHSC
210
Anatomy
Professional
10/07/2012

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Cards

Term
The perineum is a diamond-shaped region extending from the ____ to the _____.
Definition
symphysis pubis

tip of the coccyx
Term
The perineum is best examined with the person in the _____ position
Definition
lithotomy
Term
The perineum refers to the skin and subcutaneous structures that close the _____.
Definition
inferior pelvic aperture
Term
The perineum boundaries: _______
Definition
symphysis pubis, inferior pubic rami, ischial rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and coccyx
Term
anal triangle posterior to the line joining the ______.
Definition
midpoints of the two ischial tuberosities
Term
Inferior pelvic aperture is closed except where it transmits: ______
Definition
the urethra and the anal canal and vagina in females
Term
The anterior half of the inferior pelvic aperture is closed by the _______ and the posterior half is closed by ______
Definition
urogenital diaphragm

the levatores ani muscles
Term
Urogenital diaphragm WIKI
Definition
Older texts have asserted the existence of an urogenital diaphragm, also called the triangular ligament, which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis, lying between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
Term
urogenital diaphragm and the posterior half is closed by the levatores ani muscles (these two muscles, in addition to the ______, form the pelvic diaphragm).
Definition
two coccygeus muscles
Term
Pelvic diaphragm divides the pelvic cavity into two parts: 1) a superior part containing ______ and 2) an inferior part containing _______
Definition
the pelvic viscera

mainly fat called the ischiorectal fossae.
Term
_____ & _____ muscles form the funnel-shaped pelvic diaphragm.
Definition
The two levatores ani muscles and the two coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)
Term
The pelvic diaphragm forms the fibromuscular floor of the confluent ______ and supports the contents of the pelvis.
Definition
abdominopelvic cavities
Term
The levator ani muscle form most of the floor of the _____
Definition
pelvic cavity
Term
The levator ani muscle form separates the pelvic cavity from the ______.
Definition
ischiorectal fossae
Term
The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region (including perineum) below. WIKI
Definition
Term
The levator ani muscle perforated by: ____
Definition
the urethra and anal canal in the male and by the urethra, the vagina and the anal canal in the female.
Term
The levator ani muscle arises from ______
Definition
tendinous arch (arcus tendineus)
Term
tendinous arch (arcus tendineus) is formed by _____
Definition
formed by a thickening of the parietal pelvic fascia
Term
The levator ani muscle insertion: 1,2,3,4
Definition
the two muscles converge from each side and insert into: 1) the perineal body, 2) the wall of the anal canal, 3) the anococcygeal ligament, and 4) the coccyx.
Term
anococcygeal ligament WIKI
Definition
a fibrous band connecting the posterior fibers of the sphincter of the anus to the coccyx.
Term
Three parts of the levator ani muscle: _____
Definition
ubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus.
Term
Pubococcygeus arises from the _____ and inserts into the ________
Definition
pubis

anococcygeal ligament
Term
Anococcygeal ligament is the median fibrous intersection of the _____ muscles from the two sides, located between the _____ & ______.
Definition
pubococcygeus muscles

anal canal and the tip of the coccyx
Term
Pubococcygeus encircles: _____ and merges in the ______.
Definition
the urethra, vagina and anus

perineal body
Term
Puborectalis lies medial to but at a lower level than the _______.
Definition
pubococcygeus
Term
______ loop around the posterior surface of the anorectal junction, forming a U-shaped rectal sling
Definition
Puborectalis
Term
Puborectalis arises from the ____
Definition
pubis
Term
Levator Ani Muscle Innervation _____
Definition
Innervation - S3, S4 and the inferior rectal nerve.
Term
coccygeus (______) muscles
Definition
ischiococcygeus
Term
Levator Ani muscle resists: ______
Definition
the downward thrust accompanying increases in the intra-abdominal pressure,
Term
Levator Ani muscle ____ the pelvic floor in forced expiration, coughing, vomiting, etc.
Definition
raises
Term
Levator Ani muscle also raises the _____ over a descending mass of feces, thereby aiding in _____.
Definition
anal canal

defecation
Term
The ______ holds the anorectal junction forward, _____ defecation when necessary.
Definition
puborectalis

preventing
Term
The _____ supports most of the weight of the fecal mass, thereby relieving much pressure on the ______.
Definition
anorectal angle

external anal sphincter.
Term
During parturition the levatores ani muscles ________.
Definition
support the fetal head.
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle forms the ______ part of the pelvic diaphragm.
Definition
posterior and smaller
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle blends with the _______.
Definition
sacrospinous ligament
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle origin _____
Definition
ischial spine.
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle Innervation ______
Definition
Innervation - S4, S5.
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle Action ______
Definition
Action - supports coccyx and pulls it forward.
Term
The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle Insertion ______
Definition
Insertion - fifth sacral vertebra and coccyx.
Term
Anal triangle bounded posteriorly by the ______ and anteriorly by the ______.
Definition
tip of the coccyx

line joining the ischial tuberosities
Term
anal triangle is related posterolaterally to the _______
Definition
sacrotuberous ligaments.
Term
The Anal Triangle contains: ______
Definition
the anal orifice or anus, the external anal sphincter that surrounds the anal canal, and the ischiorectal fossae.
Term
______ is the terminal part of the large intestine
Definition
Anal Canal
Term
The anorectal junction is created by _____
Definition
the puborectalis muscle
Term
anal canal is surrounded by: _____
Definition
internal and external anal sphincters

levatores ani muscles
Term
Superior half of the Anal Canal (above the ______) characterized by ______.
Definition
pectinate line

anal columns
Term
Superior half of the Anal Canal is where the _____ of the _____ system anastomose with _____veins of the _____ system.
Definition
superior rectal veins of the portal system anastomose with the middle and inferior rectal veins of the caval system
Term
The superior rectal veins of the portal system anastomose with the middle and inferior rectal veins of the caval system form a plexus whose enlargement results in ______.
Definition
Internal hemorrhoids
Term
Enlargement of the venous plexus surrounding the Superior Half of the Anal Canal results in ______
Definition
Internal hemorrhoids
Term
Superior ends of the anal columns indicate the _______.
Definition
Anorectal line
Term
Inferior ends of the anal columns are united by ______, which form a series of _______
Definition
anal valves

anal sinuses.
Term
Developmentally, Pectinate line represents the _____ junction.
Definition
hindgut-proctodeum
Term
Anal Valves WIKI

The rectal sinuses end in small valve-like folds, termed anal valves, which join together the lower ends of the rectal columns.
Definition
Term
Inferior comb-shaped limit of the anal valves is the ______.
Definition
pectinate line
Term
Internal hemorrhoids are formed ____ the pectinate line and are varicosities in the tributaries of the ______.
Definition
above

superior rectal vein
Term
External hemorrhoids are formed ____ the pectinate line and are by definition varicosities in the tributaries of the _______.
Definition
below

inferior rectal vein.
Term
Internal anal sphincter, involuntary or voluntary?
Definition
involuntary
Term
External anal sphincter, involuntary or voluntary?
Definition
voluntary
Term
Internal anal sphincter is continuation of ______.
Definition
inner circular layer of muscle
Term
External anal sphincter consists of three parts: _____
Definition
Subcutaneous

Superficial

Deep
Term
The perianal skin is thrown into radiating folds by _______, giving it a characteristic puckered appearance
Definition
Subcutaneous layer of External anal sphincter
Term
Actions of the sphincters is to close and anus and draw anal canal _____, thereby _____
Definition
Forward

Increasing the anorectal angle
Term
The internal sphincter is involuntary, it is contracted in response to _____ (via _______), but relaxes in response to ________ ( via _______)
Definition
sympathetic fibers (via hypogastric plexus)

parasympathetic stimulation (pelvic splanchnic nerves)
Term
The external sphincter is voluntary and is innervated by _______.
Definition
inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve
Term
Ischiorectal fossa is a large wedge-shaped, fascia-lined space that lies on _______.
Definition
each side of the anal canal.
Term
Ischiorectal fossa is located between ____ & ______.
Definition
the skin of the anal region and the pelvic diaphragm
Term
Ischiorectal fossa is filled with _____
Definition
areolar tissue and fat
Term
Ischiorectal fossa two sides communicate with each other over the ______.
Definition
Anococcygeal ligament
Term
Ischiorectal fossa is filled with ____
Definition
fat
Term
Ischiorectal fossa boundaries: _____
Definition
bounded laterally by the ischium and the inferior part of the obturator internus and medially by the rectum and anal canal; posteriorly by the sacrotuberous ligament and the overlying gluteus maximum muscle; and anteriorly by the base of the urogenital diaphragm and its fasciae.
Term
Ischiorectal fossa fat supports _____
Definition
the anal canal
Term
Ischiorectal fossa contains: ______
Definition
Fat, internal pudendal vessels and the pudendal nerve.
Term
Internal pudendal vessels and the pudendal nerve far posteriorly these vessels and the nerve give off _______
Definition
the inferior rectal vessels and nerve
Term
inferior rectal vessels and nerve pass forward and ____ through the _____ on their way to the anal region.
Definition
medially

ischiorectal fossa
Term
Pudendal canal fibrous tunnel on the ____ wall of the ischiorectal fossa through which the pudendal vessels and the pudendal nerve pass
Definition
lateral
Term
There are _____ structures at the posterior end of the canal: ______
Definition
Three

Internal pudendal artery, Internal pudendal vein, Pudendal nerve
Term
_____ supplies most of the innervation to the perineum;
Definition
Pudendal nerve
Term
Toward the end of the canal, the pudendal nerve splits to form the ____ & ____.
Definition
dorsal nerve of the penis (or clitoris) and the perineal nerve.
Term
Perineal fascia consists of two sheets: ________
Definition
1) the inferior and 2) the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
Term
Perineal fascia WIKI
Definition
The fascia of perineum (or Gallaudet fascia or deep perineal fascia) is the Terminologia Anatomica term for the fascia which covers the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch. The muscles surrounded by the deep perineal fascia are the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal. The fascia is attached laterally to the ischiopubic rami and fused anteriorly with the suspensory ligament of the penis or clitoris. It is continuous anteriorly with the deep investing fascia of the abdominal wall muscles, and in males, it is continuous with Buck's fascia.
Term
____ fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is indistinct.
Definition
superior
Term
inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (or _____)
Definition
perineal membrane
Term
Superficial perineal fascia (_____)
Definition
formerly called Colles’ fascia and not to be confused with the inferior and the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
Term
_____ surrounds constrictor urethrae
Definition
Fascia of the Urogenital Diaphragm (Superior and Inferior)
Term
Superficial perineal fascia is continuous with the membranous layer of the ________
Definition
subcutaneous connective tissue of the lower anterior abdominal wall (formerly called Scarpa’s fascia)
Term
superficial perineal fascia WIKI
Definition
The subcutaneous tissue of perineum (or superficial perineal fascia) is a layer of subcutaneous tissue surrounding the region of the perineal body.
Term
The superficial perineal fascia is attached to: _______
Definition
Fascia lata enveloping the muscles of the thigh.

Pubic arch.

The base of the perineal membrane.
Term
Perineal membrane is superior border of the ______, and the inferior border of the _________.
Definition
superficial perineal pouch

deep perineal pouch
Term
Sphincter urethrae muscle is composed of _____ muscle fibers.
Definition
transverse
Term
Superficial perineal space or pouch is fascial space between _______ & _____
Definition
the superficial perineal fascia and the perineal membrane (or inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm).
Term
The deep layer of superficial fascia (_____)
Definition
(fascia of Colles)
Term
Deep perineal space or pouch is the fascial space enclosed by ____ & _____
Definition
the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm.
Term
Urogenital diaphragm is is a thin sheet of ____ muscle stretching between the two sides of the _____, which is formed by the _______
Definition
striated

pelvic arch

converging ischiopubic rami
Term
The sphincter urethrae encircles the ______ in the male where it acts like a _____.
Definition
membranous urethra

true sphincter
Term
Sphincter urethrae muscle is a _____ sphincter in the female as it invests the anterior surface of the urethra.
Definition
urogenital
Term
Sphincter urethrae muscle innervation _____
Definition
Nerve supply - perineal branch of pudendal nerve.
Term
Sphincter urethrae muscle action
Definition
Action - contricts urethra. This is a voluntary sphincter of the urethra.
Term
Sphincter urethrae muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Definition
voluntary
Term
The perineal body (or ______)
Definition
central tendon of perineum
Term
deep transverse perinei muscle (_____)
Definition
(deep transverse perineal muscle)
Term
Deep transverse perineal muscle fibers lie ____ to the urethra.
Definition
Posterior
Term
Deep transverse perineal muscle innervation ______
Definition
Nerve supply - perineal branch of pudendal (S2, S3, and S4)
Term
Deep transverse perineal muscl Actions
Definition
steadies central perineal tendon (perineal body), thereby contributing to the supportive role of the perineum
Term
_____ is the landmark of the perineum
Definition
perineal body (Central perineal tendon)
Term
Perineal body is a ____ node.
Definition
fibromuscular node
Term
Perineal body is fibromuscular node is a small wedge-shaped mass of fibrous tissue located at _________.
Definition
the center of the perineum
Term
Perineal body indicates where the urorectal septum divided the _____ in the embryo during partitioning of the cloaca into the ____ & _____.
Definition
cloacal membrane

rectum and the urogenital sinus
Term
Structures in the MALE superficial perineal space: _______
Definition
root of the penis and the muscles associated with this organ, the proximal part of the spongy urethra, and branches of the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerves.
Term
superficial perineal space is the fascial space between the ____ & _____
Definition
superficial perineal fascia (Colles’ fascia) and the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)
Term
Structures in the MALE deep perineal space: ______
Definition
sphincter urethrae and the deep transverse perinei muscles, the bulbourethral glands and the membranous urethra.
Term
Deep perineal space is the fascial space enclosed by _____ & ______
Definition
the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm.
Term
Scrotum formed by by the fusion of the ______.
Definition
labioscrotal swellings.
Term
Dartos muscle is attached firmly to the ______.
Definition
skin of the scrotum
Term
Dartos muscle consists largely of ____ muscle fibers which contract under the influence of: _______.
Definition
smooth

cold, exercise, and sexual stimulation.
Term
Blood supply of scrotum is via the _____ along with branches of the testicular and cremasteric arteries.
Definition
external pudendal arteries and internal pudendal arteries
Term
Nerve supply of the anterior part of the scrotum is supplied by the _____ nerve.
Definition
ilioinguinal nerve
Term
posterior part of the scrotum is innervated by: ______
Definition
the medial and lateral scrotal branches of the perineal nerve and by the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
Term
scrotum drains into _____
Definition
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Term
Penis is composed of ____ cylindrical bodies that are bound together by loose connective tissue called ______.
Definition
three

fascia penis
Term
Corpora Cavernosa Penis separate to form _____
Definition
two crura posteriorly
Term
Corpora Cavernosa Penis are arranged side by side in the ____ part of the organ
Definition
dorsal
Term
Corpus spongiosum penis (_______)
Definition
(corpus cavernosum urethra)
Term
The corpus spongiosum penis (corpus cavernosum urethra) lies ____ in the median plane.
Definition
ventrally
Term
Root of the penis located in the _____ space
Definition
superficial perineal
Term
The root of the penis consists of _____, all of which are located in the superficial perineal space.
Definition
of the two crura, the bulb of the penis and the muscles associated with them
Term
Bulb of the penis is located between the ____ in the ____ perineal space.
Definition
two crura

superficial
Term
pen·du·lous/ˈpenjələs/
Adjective:
Hanging down loosely
Definition
Term
Penile raphe indicates where the ____ fused during the ____ period
Definition
urogenital folds

fetal
Term
The median penile raphe on its ____ surface is continuous with the _____.
Definition
ventral

scrotal raphe
Term
Glans penis is the concavity of which covers the free blunt ends of the _____.
Definition
corpora cavernosa
Term
The prominent margin of the glans penis is called the _____ of the glans.
Definition
corona of the glans
Term
Prepuce WIKI
Definition
The foreskin, which surrounds and protects the head of the penis
The clitoral hood, which surrounds and protects the head of the clitoris
Term
Prepuce of the male is the skin and fasciae of the penis are prolonged as a _____
Definition
free fold or double layer of skin.
Term
Frenulum of the prepuce is a median fold which passes from the ____ of the prepuce to a point just below the ______.
Definition
deep layer

external urethral orifice
Term
The weight of the body of the penis is supported by two ligaments: _______
Definition
Fundiform ligament (superficial)

Suspensory ligament (deep)
Term
Fundiform ligament superficial or deep?
Definition
superficial
Term
Suspensory ligament superficial or deep?
Definition
deep
Term
Fundiform ligament (superficial) - arises from the inferior part of the _____ and splits into two parts which pass on each side of the penis.
Definition
linea alba
Term
Fundiform ligament (superficial) is the extensive thickening of _____ firmly attached to the ______.
Definition
Scarpa’s fascia

rectus sheath
Term
Suspensory ligament (deep) is a condensation of _______ fascia in the form of a thick, _____ shaped fibroelastic band.
Definition
external investing deep

triangular
Term
Suspensory ligament (deep) arises from the ________.
Definition
anterior surface of the symphysis pubis.
Term
Cavernous erectile tissue consisting of interlacing and intercommunicating cavernous spaces, which are separated by _______ and are filled with blood during an erection.
Definition
fibrous trabeculae
Term
Principal arteries of the penis: _____.
Definition
Dorsal arteries

Deep arteries
Term
Dorsal arteries run ______ on each side of the ______.
Definition
in the interval between the corpora cavernosa penis

deep dorsal vein
Term
Deep arteries of the penis run _____.
Definition
within each of the corpora cavernosa penis.
Term
The dorsal and deep arteries of the penis are branches of ______, which arise in the pelvis as branches of the ______.
Definition
internal pudendal arteries

internal iliac arteries
Term
______ are the principal vessels that supply the cavernous spaces and that are involved in an erection.
Definition
The deep arteries of the penis
Term
Venule WIKI
Definition
A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to the larger blood vessels called veins.
Term
Plexus of venules of the penis located in the ________.
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
Tunica albuginea WIKI
Definition
Tunica albuginea (penis), the tough fibrous layer of connective tissue that surrounds the corpora cavernosa of the penis
Tunica albuginea (testicles), a layer of connective tissue covering the testicles
Term
Tunica albuginea (penis) WIKI
Definition
The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis
Term
Tunica albuginea of testis WIKI
Definition
Tunica albuginea of testis is the fibrous covering of the testis. It is covered by the tunica vaginalis, except at the points of attachment of the epididymis to the testis, and along its posterior border, where the spermatic vessels enter the gland.
Term
Plexus of venules of the Penis drains blood from the _______ into the _______.
Definition
cavernous spaces

deep dorsal vein of the penis.
Term
deep dorsal vein of the penis runs in between
Definition
dorsal penile arteries
Term
Dorsal Nerve of the Penis arises in the ______ and passes forward into the ____ perineal space.
Definition
pudendal canal

deep (It runs below the deep penile fascia, above the tunica albuginea fascia of the corpus cavernosum penis)
Term
The _____ nerve supplies all ____ of the superficial perineal muscles
Definition
perineal nerve

three
Term
three of the superficial perineal muscles: ______
Definition
Superficial transverse perineal muscles

Bulbospongiosus muscle

Ischiocavernosus muscles
Term
Superficial transverse perineal muscles extends from the ____ to ____
Definition
ischial tuberosity to the perineal body.
Term
Bulbospongiosus muscle consists of two symmetrical parts that are united by a ____ below the ____.
Definition
median tendinous raphe

bulb of the penis.
Term
The bulbospongiosus arises from the ___ & ____.
Definition
median raphe and the perineal body.
Term
_____ force blood from the cavernous spaces
Definition
Ischiocavernosus muscles
Term
Erection parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
In an Erection smooth muscle in ___ & ____ relax in response to parasympathetic stimulation (____ spinal nerves via pudendal vessels).
Definition
fibrous trabeculae and helicine arteries

S2-S4
Term
In an erection arteries ____ and their lumina ____ allowing blood to ______, blood engorges and dilates these spaces (hemodynamic organ)
Definition
straighten

enlarge

flow into the cavernous spaces
Term
In an Erection _________ & _____ muscles compress the venous plexuses at the periphery of the corpora and impede the return of venous blood (parasympathetic)
Definition
Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
Term
Ejaculation consists of two phases: ______
Definition
emission and ejaculation
Term
Emission parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Definition
emission (sympathetic)
Term
Ejaculation parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Definition
ejaculation (parasympathetic)
Term
Emission of sperms into the urethra follows reflex peristalsis in the _______ and contraction of the smooth muscle in the _____(sympathetic; via _____ spinal nerves)
Definition
deferent ducts and seminal vesicles

prostate

L1-L2
Term
ejaculation (expulsion of semen) is associated with clonic spasm of the ______ (parasympathetic) and contraction of _____ muscle
Definition
bulbospongiosus muscles

urethral
Term
Orgasm is a massive ______ discharge
Definition
sympathetic
Term
Vulva is
Definition
a collective name for the female external genital organs
Term
The vulva comprises the: _____
Definition
mons pubis, the labia majora, the labia minora, the vestibule of the vagina, the clitoris, the bulb of the vestibule, and the greater vestibular glands.
Term
Embryologically, the labia majora are homologous to the ____ of the male.
Definition
scrotum
Term
The pudendal cleft is the opening between the ____ into which the ____ of the vagina opens.
Definition
labia majora

vestibule
Term
The round ligament of the uterus passes through the ____ and enters the ____ where it ends as a branching band of fascia that is attached to the skin.
Definition
inguinal canal

labium majus
Term
round ligament WIKI
Definition
The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. The round ligament leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring[2], passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora[3] where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis
Term
_____ are located in the vestibule of the vagina
Definition
The orifices of the urethra, the vagina, and the ducts of the greater vestibular glands are located in the vestibule of the vagina.
Term
On each side of the _____ are the openings of the paraurethral glands (Skene’s ducts or glands).
Definition
External urethral orifice
Term
paraurethral glands (Skene’s ducts or glands) WIKI
Definition
, the Skene's \ˈskēnz-\ glands (also known as the lesser vestibular glands, periurethral glands, skene glands, paraurethral glands,[1] female prostate) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening and may be near or a part of the G-Spot. These glands are surrounded with tissue (which includes the part of the clitoris) that reaches up inside the vagina and swells with blood during sexual arousal.
Term
Greater vestibular glands are located _____
Definition
on each side of the vestibule
Term
Bartholin's gland (greater vestibular glands) are homologous to ____ in males
Definition
bulbourethral glands
Term
Bartholin's gland (greater vestibular glands)
Definition
The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch in females, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch in males.
Term
bulbourethral glands are located in ____ pouch
Definition
deep perineal pouch
Term
Bartholin's gland (greater vestibular glands) are located in ____ pouch
Definition
superficial perineal pouch
Term
Lesser vestibular glands located on each side of the vestibule which open _____
Definition
on each side between the urethral and vaginal orifices
Term
Clitoris is composed of _____ and is capable of ______.
Definition
erectile tissue

enlargement
Term
The clitoris has no ______ and is entirely separate from the _____.
Definition
corpus spongiosum

urethra
Term
clitoral prepuce wiki
Definition
n female human anatomy, the clitoral hood, (also called preputium clitoridis and clitoral prepuce), is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoral glans. It develops as part of the labia minora and is homologous with the foreskin (equally called prepuce) in male genitals.
Term
Clitoris Prepuce parts of the _____ passing ______to the clitoris
Definition
anterior

labia minora
Term
Clitoris Frenulum parts of the _____ passing ____to the clitoris
Definition
parts of the labia minora passing posterior to the clitoris
Term
Bulbs of the vestibule consists of ______, about 3 cm. in length, lying along the sides of the vaginal orifice deep in the _____ muscle.
Definition
two elongated masses of erectile tissue

bulbospongiosus
Term
Bulbs of the vestibule posterior ends are in contact with the ______.
Definition
greater vestibular glands.
Term
Structures in the superficial perineal space in females: ______
Definition
superficial transverse perinei, the ischiocavernosus, the bulbospongiosus muscles, and the greater vestibular glands.
Term
Greater vestibular glands (two: ___ & ____)
Definition
major and Bartholin’s
Term
Greater vestibular glands one on each side just ____ to the bulb of the vestibule
Definition
posterior
Term
The greater vestibular glands are homologous with the ______ of the male
Definition
bulbourethral glands of the male
Term
Deep fascial space of females contains: ______
Definition
urethra, the inferior part of the vagina, and the deep transverse perinei muscles.
Term
Deep fascial space is enclosed by the ____ and ______.
Definition
the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm
Term
Female external genitalia receive a rich arterial supply from two _____ and one ______ on each side.
Definition
external pudendal arteries

internal pudendal artery
Term
The labial arteries are branches of the ______ artery.
Definition
internal pudendal artery
Term
The nerves to the vulva are branches of :_______
Definition
the ilioinguinal nerve, the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, the perineal branch of the femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the perineal nerve.
Term
The labial veins are tributaries of the _____ and venae comitantes of the _______
Definition
internal pudendal veins

internal pudendal artery
Term
Vena comitans is Latin for accompanying vein WIKI
Definition
Term
Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen: _______
Definition
sciatic nerve
piriformis muscle
inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
superior gluteal nerve and vessels
pudendal nerve and vessels
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus muscles
nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles
Term
Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen: ______
Definition
tendon of obturator internus muscle
*pudendal nerve
*internal pudendal vessels
*nerve to obturator internus
*structures that pass through both the greater and the lesser sciatic foramen
Term
Structures that are attached to the perineal body: ______
Definition
posterior wall of vagina
pubococcygeus portion of levator ani muscle
superficial transverse perineal muscles
deep transverse perineal muscles
external anal sphincter (according to Snell only superficial part; according to Grey’s Anatomy all three parts - subcutaneous, superficial and deep)
bulbospongiosus muscle
perineal membrane
Term
Lymphatic drainage into superficial inguinal nodes: _______
Definition
lowest part of oviduct
vagina below hymen
anal canal inferior to pectinate line
scrotum (labia majora)
skin and most of penis (clitoris)
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