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Pericardium
Rinaldi 3/7/11 lecture - 2hrs
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
03/07/2011

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Term
heart and root of great vessels
Definition
the pericardium is a fibrous sac surrounding ____?
Term
1) Superior Vena Cava (SVC)
2) Ascending Aorta
3) Pulmonary arteries
Definition
what does the fibrous pericardium fuse with superiorly? (3 things)
Term
central tendon of the diaphragm -so it moves with the diaphragm
Definition
what is the fibrous pericardium fused with inferiorly?
Term
2 sternocardial ligaments
Definition
what attaches the pericardium to the sternum?
Term
(descending)pretrachial fascia
Definition
what structure in the neck fuses with the anterior surface of the pericardium?
Term
tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi
Definition
what attaches to the pericardium poateriorly with membranous connective tissue?
Term
esophagus, trachea, Thyroid gland
Definition
what structures are found within the pre-tracheal fascia?
Term
thymus
Definition
what gland sits directly on the top of the heart?
Term
phrenic nerve, and pericardiophrenic artery and vein
Definition
what structures are sandwiched between the pleura and pericardium on the lateral sides of the heart?
Term
esophagus, descending thoracic aorta(it is FUSED superiorly to the aorta), and main bronchi(attached with membranous CT)
Definition
what does the pericardium CONTACT posteriorly?
Term
where the pleural sacs deviate


(this is where you can draw pericardial fluid without puncturing a lung)
Definition
where does the pericardium contact the posterior surface of the sternum and 4th/5th intercostal spaces?
Term
anterior: Phrenic nerve ( + pericardiophrenic AV) posterior: Vagus N.
Definition
what nerve is anterior to the root of the lung? posterior?
Term
Left Atrium
Definition
what part of the heart do the pericardiophrenic artery & vein + phrenic nerve overlay?
Term
fibrous pericardium
Definition
outer layer of dense CT of the pericardium
Term
between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium
Definition
where is the pericardial cavity?
Term
it is fused to the fibrous pericardium
Definition
what is parietal pericardium attached to?
Term
it is LOOSELY attached to the surface of the heart
Definition
what is the visceral layer of pericardium fused to?
Term
it goes around the great vessels and is fused with the adventitia.
Definition
where the serous and visceral pericardial pleura meet, what is that pleura fused to?
Term
if there is fluid in the pericardial cavity, it will put pressure on the heart and cause cardiac arrest
Definition
why is it bad that the fibrous pericardium is inelastic?
Term
cardiac tampenade
Definition
what is the term for the surgical emergency that results when there is a fast pace rush of blood into the pericardial cavity (say from tearing the pulmonary vein)?
Term
pericarditis
Definition
what can cause painful fluid buildup around the heart besdies blood?
Term
epicardium
Definition
another name for the visceral pericardium
Term
fat and blood vessels
Definition
what lies beneath the epicardium (besides the heart)?
Term
-where the heart is not covered in pericardium-

only in an irregular area on the posterior side between the VENA CAVA and PULMONARY VEIN
Definition
where does myocardium contact fibrous pericardium?
Term
arterial and venous end, yes it is enclosed in a pericardial sac
Definition
what are the 2 ends of the primitive heart tube called? does it have pericardium?
Term
it is anchored from above and below so it has to grow in and fold up
Definition
why does the heart fold up when it grows?
Term
between the arterial and venous ends when they fold together
Definition
where is the transverse pericardial sinus?
Term
oblique sinus
Definition
what is the blind ends space on the heart surrounded by veins and pericardial reflections
Term
transverse sinus
Definition
what separates the arteries and veins on the heart allowing them to be ligated?
Term
1) pericardiophrenic
2) musculophrenic
3) branches of thoracic aorta (x3)
4) coronary arteries
Definition
name the blood vessels that supply the pericardium
Term
1) pericardiophrenic veins
2) internal thoracic
3) tributaries of the azygous system
Definition
list the venous drainage to the pericardium
Term
1)bronchial arteries 2)esophageal arteries 3)superior phrenic arteries posterior
Definition
what are the what are the 3 branches of the thoracic aorta that supply the pericardium? what side of the pericardium do they supply?
Term
coronary arteries
Definition
what supplies blood to the visceral layer of percardium only?
Term
fibrous and parietal layers (they get somatic sensory innervation via the phrenic)
Definition
what layer of pericardium feels pain?
Term
the parietal and fibrous layer, gives somatic sensory information
Definition
what does the phrenic nerve innervate with the pericardium?
Term
cardiac plexus (Autonomic nervous system) = VISCERAL sensory. DOES NOT FEEL PAIN
Definition
what provides sensory to the visceral layer (epicardium)?
Term
smooth muscle in vessels
Definition
what do the sympathetics in the phrenic nerve supply?
Term
1) anterior
2) middle
3) superior
4) posterior
Definition
what are the 4 divisions of the mediastinum?
Term
a line from the sternal angle to the intervertebral disk between T4 and 5
Definition
what line makes the inferior border of the the superior mediastinum?
Term
esophagus, aorta, right and left lungs, supposedly the bronchi
Definition
if you pop out the heart and peel off the pericardium, what can you see?
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