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Pericardium and Heart
Exam 6
63
Anatomy
Graduate
09/20/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

MEDIASTINUM Contents

 

Definition

-Remains of thymus

-Heart and pericardium

-Large blood vessels
-Trachea
-Esophagus
-Thoracic duct
-Lymph nodes
-Vagus and phrenic nn.
-Sympathetic trunk

 

The mediastinum and the laterally placed pleurae and lungs make up the thoracic cavity

 


Term

 

Boundaries of Mediastinum

 

Definition
Extends superiorly to the thoracic inlet or root of the neck
Inferiorly to the diaphragm
Anteriorly to the sternum
Posteriorly to 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

•Medial thoracic area between pleurae and lungs

 

 

Term

2 divisions of Mediastinum

 

Definition
Superior Mediastinum
Inferior Mediastinum
Anterior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
Term
Functions of Pericardium
Definition

-Restricts excessive heart movement

-Acts as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract

 

 

Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition
Outer layer of pericardium
strong fibrous structure
Firmly attached below
to central tendon of diaphragm
Fuses with outer coat of great blood vessels
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Superior and inferior venae cavae
Pulmonary veins
Term

Serous Pericardium

Definition

Contains parietal and visceral layers
Parietal layer
Lines the fibrous pericardium
reflects around roots of great vessels,
becomes continuous with the visceral layer
Visceral layer
Closely adhered to the heart
Also called the epicardium

Term

 


Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium is the __________.

 

Definition
Pericardial cavity

Contains a small film of serous (tissue) fluid
called pericardial fluid
acts as a lubricant to facilitate movement of the heart
Term
  The pericardium lies in the middle mediastinum posterior to the sternum from the _____-_____costal cartilage.

Definition
2nd to 6th
Term
The pericardium is composed of ______ and ______ pericardium.
Definition

fibrous

serous

Term
The pericardium is a fibroserous sac enclosing what?
           
Definition

The heart and the roots of the great vessels

Term

The ________ pericardium is the outer layer of pericardium, which is a strong fibrous structure

Definition
fibrous
Term
The fibrous pericardium is firmly attached below to the central tendon of the ___________.

 

Definition
diaphram
Term
 The fibrous pericardium fuses with outer coat of great blood vessels which includes:

 

Definition
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Superior and inferior venae cavae
Pulmonary veins
Term

The serous pericardium contains _____ and______ layers.

Definition

parietal

visceral

Term
The parietal layer of the serous pericardium lines the ________ pericardium, reflects around ________ of great vessels, and becomes continuous with the ________ layer.

 

Definition

fibrous

roots

visceral

Term
 The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is closely adhered to the __________, this layer is also called the _________
Definition

heart

epicardium

Term

Epicardium (FYI)

A good way to visualize the epicardium (visceral layer) is by recognizing that this layer has a lot of fat (yellow appearance), if you see a fatty looking layer, you know this is the epicardium.

Definition
Term

The pericardial cavity of the pericardium has a potential space between the _______ and ________  layer.

Definition

parietal

visceral

Term
The pericardial cavity of the pericardium contains a small film of serous (tissue) fluid called _________ fluid, which acts as a lubricant to facilitate movement of the _______.
Definition

pericardial

heart

Term
There are two pericardial sinuses, these are the _______ sinus and _______ sinus.
Definition

oblique

transverse

Term
 The oblique sinus is a recess on the ________ surface of the heart, it is formed by _____________.
Definition

posterior

the serous pericardium reflected around the large veins

 

Term

 

The transverse sinus is on the posterior surface of heart and is a short passage between the reflection of ____________________ and the reflection around the _____________.

 

Definition

serous pericardium around the aorta and pulmonary trunk

 

large veins

Term
What is the clinical significance of the transverse sinus?

 

Definition
Cardiac surgeon can pass fingers through the transverse sinus posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk
•It is a good place to clamp or place ligature for inserting tubes for coronary bypass machine
Term

Superior vena cavae passes into the __________ carries venous blood from ________________.

Definition

right atrium

 

head and neck and both upper limbs

 

Term

The superior vena cava sits to the right of the _________.

 

Definition
aorta
Term
The left and right Brachiocephalic veins are formed at root of neck by ___________ and ____________.

Definition
internal jugular v. and subclavian v.
Term
The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to form the _____________.
Definition
superior vena cava
Term
The three large veins of the thorax are:
Definition

azygos v.

hemiazygous v. (inferior hemiazygous v.)

accessory hemiazygous v. (superior hemiazygous v.)

 


Term

The Azygos v. ascends on ________ side of vertebral column and enters the thorax from abdomen via the ______ hiatus.

Definition

right

 

aortic hiatus

Term
The azygous v. arches over root of _______ lung and makes and impression on this lung.

 

Definition
right
Term

The azygous v. empties into the ___________.

 

Definition
superior vena cava
Term
The eight lower intercostal vv. and right superior (highest) intercostal v. are branches off of the _______ vein.
Definition
azygous
Term

Hemiazygos v. is also called the inferior hemiazygos v. and ascends on __________ side of vertebral column and
joins azygos v. around ________.

Definition

lower left

 

T8-T9

Term

Accessory hemiazygos v., also called superior hemiazygos v., is located on the ________ of the vertebral colum. 

Definition
upper left side
Term
The accessory hemiazygous v. joins _________ superiorly and joins the ___________ inferiorly.
Definition

left superior intercostal vein

 

hemiazygos vein

Term

Smaller branches of veins of the thorax include the: 

Definition
-vertebral v. (runs with vertebral a. in transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae)
-Inferior thyroid v.
-Left and right highest (superior) intercostal vv.
Term

The ascending portion of the aorta is in the __________.
The aorta is a large ______ of the thorax.

Definition

middle mediastinum

 

artery

Term
The branches off the Aortic arch are:

 

Definition
Brachiocephalic trunk - located on right side of aorta only
Right subclavian a.
Right common carotid a.
Left common carotid a.
Left subclavian a.
Term
The brachiocephalic trunk off of the aorta is only located on the _______ side of body.
Definition
right
Term

 

Descending portion of the aorta is in the ________ mediastinum.
Definition
posterior
Term

Pulmonary trunk sits to the ______ of the ascending aorta and leaves the ______ ventricle.

Definition

left


right

Term

The pulmonary trunk runs upward, backward, and slightly to the _________.  It divides into the right and left ___________.


Definition

left

 

pulmonary aa

Term
 The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of ____________.
Definition

the ductus arteriosus in embryo.


Term
The ligamentum arteriosum is a good landmark to use to find and identify the ________________ nerve.
Definition
left recurrent pharyngeal
Term

 The epicardium is layer of the heart wall.  It is a _______ layer (serous pericardium) and is often very _______.

Definition

visceral

 

fatty

 


Term

The myocardium forms the bulk of the heart and is primarily _________ muscle.

Definition
cardiac
Term
In the heart wall, the layer of contraction is the __________.
Definition
myocardium
Term
 The endocardium lines the ___________ and covers the valves (glistens).  This layer of the heart is a sheet of endothelium (squamous epithelium).  This layer is continuous with ______________.

 

Definition

heart chambers

 

the endothelium of blood vessels

Term

The __________surface is formed mainly by right atrium and right ventricle and the left border formed by ____________.

Definition

Sternocostal (anterior)

 

left ventricle

Term
Diaphragmatic surface is formed by _____________, also also the inferior surface of the _________.

 

Definition

right and left ventricles

 

right atrium

Term
The base of the heart (posterior surface) is formed mainly by the _________ where the four pulmonary veins emerge.

 

Definition
left atrium
Term
 The heart does not rest on its base, it rests on the _________ surface.
Definition
diaphragmatic
Term

 The apex of the heart is formed by the _________.  The apex is directed downward, forward and to the _____.

Definition

left ventricle

 

left

Term
At level of left ____ intercostal space, 3 1/2 inches from the midline is the site of apex _________.
Definition

5th

 

heart beat

Term

Anterior interventricular groove (sulcus) is a furrow between the ____________.  This sulcus is located on the _________ surface. 

Definition

right and left ventricles

 

sternocostal

Term
The anterior interventricular groove contains the__________.

 

Definition
anterior interventricular artery (AKA left anterior descending artery, LAD) and vein (this vein is referred to as the great cardiac v. in Netter's)

 

Term
 The _________ groove is at the junction of the atria and ventricles.

Definition
Atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)
Term
The Atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) contains__________.
Definition
Right and left coronary arteries, coronary sinus
Term

Posterior interventricular groove (sulcus) is between the _________ on the ________ surface.

Definition

ventricles

 

diaphragmatic

Term
The posterior interventricular groove contains the _________ which runs with the middle cardiac vein that is also in the groove.
Definition
posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery (posterior descending artery)
Term

 

The right border of the heart which is important when viewing radiography is the _________.
The Left border of the heart is the ______ and _________.

 

Definition

right atrium

 

left auricle (small amount)

 

the left ventricle which is below the left auricle.

Term
The lower border of the heart which can be view in radiography is formed mainly by the _________ and also part of the ________ and the ___________ .
Definition

right ventricle

 

right atrium

 

apex by the left ventricle

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