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Pelvis+Perineum
n/a
47
Anatomy
Graduate
11/15/2012

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Cards

Term
What nerve innervates ischiococcygeus?
Definition
S4 and S5 directly
Term
what is the raphe in the midline of iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus?
Definition
The anococcygeal ligament. Horizontal in non-pathologic states
Term
what is the innervation of levator ani?
Definition
Branches of S4, inferior rectal n., coccygeal plexus
Term
What fascia covers the surface of pelvic floor/wall muscles?
Definition
Membranous parietal pelvic fascia - continuation of transversalis fascia.
Term
Which muscles are contained in the superficial perineal pouch?
Definition
bulbospongeosis, ischiocavernosis, superficial transverse perineal (first two contain erectile tissue)
Term
What is parietal pelvic fascia?
Definition
The continuation of transversalis fascia that lines pelvic muscles on their internal surface AND covers foramina - adherent to but NOT equivalent to deep investing fascia
Term
What is the paracolpium?
Definition
Thickening of the parietal pelvic fascia on the vagina anterior surface that is part of the support for the vagina, uterus, and rectum. Weakening can lead to stress incontinence.
Term
What is fibroareolar fascia?
Definition
Thickenings in the areolar fascia to form ligaments, such as the transverse cervical ligament
Term
What is the name for the ill-defined structure including the perineal membrane, the deep transverse perineal muscle, and the sphincter urethra?
Definition
The uritogenital diaphragm
Term
What are the parts of the urethra in the male?
Definition
The intramural. prostatic, membranous (inside ur.gen diaphragm), and spongy (penile) portions
Term
What nerves are found in the ischiorectal fossa?
Definition
Inferior rectal, perforating branches of s2, s3, perineal branch of s4
Term
What is the deep postanal space?
Definition
Allows communication of the 2 ischioanal (paired bilaterally) fossae - between fibers of levator ani attaching above and below, to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament
Term
What is the reason flex-sig patients lie on their left side during the procedure?
Definition
The sigmoid colon bends to the left proximal to the rectum
Term
Which parts of the bladder and female reproductive tract are drained by the 1) external iliac nodes or 2) superficial inguinal nodes s well as the internal inguinal nodes?
Definition
1) The fundus of the bladder, the cervix, and upper vagina (remember the close proximity of these structures)
2) The fundus of the uterus drains into the superficial inguinal nodes (follows the round ligs)
Term
What are the 2 main nerves of the sacral plexus?
Definition
The pudendal and sciatic nerves
Term
Which branch of the perineal nerve is the posterior labial/scrotal a branch of?
Definition
The superficial branch
Term
What are contributing nerves to the superior/inferior gluteal nerves?
Definition
The sacral plexus!
Term
Which bone(s) is the vagina connected to?
Definition
Pubic (via tendinous arch of pelvic fascia) and ischial spine (via pericolpium)
Term
What can be palpated through the lateral vaginal fornices?
Definition
The uterine arteries and the ovaries
Term
Describe the vascular supply of the vagina
Definition
Superior: from uterine artery (directly)
Middle: from vaginal arteries, which receive flow from the uterine, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries
Term
With which autonomics to pain fibers from the uterus course?
Definition
Upper - interperitoneal, so courses sympathetic
Cervix - infraperitoneal, so courses parasympathetic
Term
what is the source of parasymps. for the ovarian tubes?
Definition
Lateral - vagus! Medial - pelvic splanchnic!
Term
With which autonomics do reflex GSA from the uterine tubes travel?
Definition
With the parasympathetics (even through pain fibers go with sympathetcs b/c intraperitoneal)
Term
What is the lateral angle of the uterus?
Definition
The angle between the body of the uterus and the uterine tube
Term
What does the external pudendal artery supply?
Definition
This branch of the femoral artery supplies the skin over the mons pubis and the labia majora
Term
What is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicles?
Definition
The middle rectal and inferior vesicle aa.
Term
what are the arteries to the prostate?
Definition
Branches of the inferior vesicle (main artery), middle rectal, and internal pudendal artery
Term
which nerves synapse in the prostatic autonomic plexus?
Definition
Parasympathetic GVEs - the plexus is practically intramural!
Term
what is tunica albuginea?
Definition
The dense connective tissue that surrounds each tube of the male erectile tissue and surrounds the testicles too
Term
what is the name of the erectile tissue inside the glans penis?
Definition
corpus spongiosum
Term
what is the relationship between the bulb of the penis and the crura?
Definition
They are separate structures - the bulb is central to the crura
Term
Into which venous systems do the deep and superficial dorsal veins of the penis drain?
Definition
The superficial -> external pudendal (skin drains)
deep -> prostatic venous plexus
Term
What are organizing principles of 1) where pelvic/perineal sympathetics arise (ie lumbar splanchnics vs. sacral) 2) where these sympathetics synapse (ie hypogastric vs. vesical plexuses)
Definition
Term
Where do pain fibers travel from the penis?
Definition
Either with the symp. nn. to T12-L2 or with parasymp nn. to S2-4.
Term
What are the spinal nerves that supply the pudendal nerve?
Definition
S2-S4 (sacral plexus)
Term
What are the layers of scrotum?
Definition
Skin and dartos muscle!
Term
Which artery supplies the scrotum - internal or external pudendal?
Definition
both - external is anterior scrotal artery supplier, internal is posterior
Term
What are the cremasteric arteries
Definition
These branches of the inferior epigastric arteries supply the coverings of the spermatic chord
Term
What nerves supply GSAs to the scrotum?
Definition
Ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, superficial and deep perineal nerves (branches of posterior femoral cutaneous), and posterior scrotal nerve (branch of perineal nerve).
Term
to which bony prominences to the distal tendons of fib. longus and brevis attach?
Definition
Longus -> 1st metatarsal
brevis -> 5th ""
Term
Which ligaments stabilize the pubic symphasis?
Definition
The superior pubic and arcuate ligs (arc = inferior to symph)
Term
Where are the synovial joints in the leg?
Definition
Knee, proximal tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint, basically everything in the foot
Term
What are the anatomical names of the short and long plantar and spring ligaments?
Definition
short - calcaneocuboid
long- (also goes from calcaneous to cuboid)
spring - calcaneonavicular
Term
What is the nerve supplying the short head of biceps femoris?
Definition
Fibular nerve
Term
Which muscle contributes to oblique popliteal lig?
Definition
semimembranosus
Term
Which muscles insert into pes anserinus?
Definition
Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus
Term
Is the superficial fibular nerve motor or cutaneous?
Definition
It is first motor, then exits out of the leg distally to become cutaneous
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