Term
| What nerve innervates ischiococcygeus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the raphe in the midline of iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus? |
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Definition
| The anococcygeal ligament. Horizontal in non-pathologic states |
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Term
| what is the innervation of levator ani? |
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Definition
| Branches of S4, inferior rectal n., coccygeal plexus |
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Term
| What fascia covers the surface of pelvic floor/wall muscles? |
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Definition
| Membranous parietal pelvic fascia - continuation of transversalis fascia. |
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Term
| Which muscles are contained in the superficial perineal pouch? |
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Definition
| bulbospongeosis, ischiocavernosis, superficial transverse perineal (first two contain erectile tissue) |
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Term
| What is parietal pelvic fascia? |
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Definition
| The continuation of transversalis fascia that lines pelvic muscles on their internal surface AND covers foramina - adherent to but NOT equivalent to deep investing fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| Thickening of the parietal pelvic fascia on the vagina anterior surface that is part of the support for the vagina, uterus, and rectum. Weakening can lead to stress incontinence. |
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Term
| What is fibroareolar fascia? |
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Definition
| Thickenings in the areolar fascia to form ligaments, such as the transverse cervical ligament |
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Term
| What is the name for the ill-defined structure including the perineal membrane, the deep transverse perineal muscle, and the sphincter urethra? |
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Definition
| The uritogenital diaphragm |
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Term
| What are the parts of the urethra in the male? |
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Definition
| The intramural. prostatic, membranous (inside ur.gen diaphragm), and spongy (penile) portions |
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Term
| What nerves are found in the ischiorectal fossa? |
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Definition
| Inferior rectal, perforating branches of s2, s3, perineal branch of s4 |
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Term
| What is the deep postanal space? |
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Definition
| Allows communication of the 2 ischioanal (paired bilaterally) fossae - between fibers of levator ani attaching above and below, to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament |
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Term
| What is the reason flex-sig patients lie on their left side during the procedure? |
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Definition
| The sigmoid colon bends to the left proximal to the rectum |
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Term
| Which parts of the bladder and female reproductive tract are drained by the 1) external iliac nodes or 2) superficial inguinal nodes s well as the internal inguinal nodes? |
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Definition
1) The fundus of the bladder, the cervix, and upper vagina (remember the close proximity of these structures)
2) The fundus of the uterus drains into the superficial inguinal nodes (follows the round ligs) |
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Term
| What are the 2 main nerves of the sacral plexus? |
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Definition
| The pudendal and sciatic nerves |
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Term
| Which branch of the perineal nerve is the posterior labial/scrotal a branch of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are contributing nerves to the superior/inferior gluteal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bone(s) is the vagina connected to? |
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Definition
| Pubic (via tendinous arch of pelvic fascia) and ischial spine (via pericolpium) |
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Term
| What can be palpated through the lateral vaginal fornices? |
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Definition
| The uterine arteries and the ovaries |
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Term
| Describe the vascular supply of the vagina |
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Definition
Superior: from uterine artery (directly)
Middle: from vaginal arteries, which receive flow from the uterine, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries |
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Term
| With which autonomics to pain fibers from the uterus course? |
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Definition
Upper - interperitoneal, so courses sympathetic
Cervix - infraperitoneal, so courses parasympathetic |
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Term
| what is the source of parasymps. for the ovarian tubes? |
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Definition
| Lateral - vagus! Medial - pelvic splanchnic! |
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Term
| With which autonomics do reflex GSA from the uterine tubes travel? |
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Definition
| With the parasympathetics (even through pain fibers go with sympathetcs b/c intraperitoneal) |
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Term
| What is the lateral angle of the uterus? |
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Definition
| The angle between the body of the uterus and the uterine tube |
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Term
| What does the external pudendal artery supply? |
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Definition
| This branch of the femoral artery supplies the skin over the mons pubis and the labia majora |
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Term
| What is the arterial supply to the seminal vesicles? |
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Definition
| The middle rectal and inferior vesicle aa. |
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Term
| what are the arteries to the prostate? |
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Definition
| Branches of the inferior vesicle (main artery), middle rectal, and internal pudendal artery |
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Term
| which nerves synapse in the prostatic autonomic plexus? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic GVEs - the plexus is practically intramural! |
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Term
| what is tunica albuginea? |
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Definition
| The dense connective tissue that surrounds each tube of the male erectile tissue and surrounds the testicles too |
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Term
| what is the name of the erectile tissue inside the glans penis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the relationship between the bulb of the penis and the crura? |
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Definition
| They are separate structures - the bulb is central to the crura |
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Term
| Into which venous systems do the deep and superficial dorsal veins of the penis drain? |
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Definition
The superficial -> external pudendal (skin drains)
deep -> prostatic venous plexus |
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Term
| What are organizing principles of 1) where pelvic/perineal sympathetics arise (ie lumbar splanchnics vs. sacral) 2) where these sympathetics synapse (ie hypogastric vs. vesical plexuses) |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do pain fibers travel from the penis? |
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Definition
| Either with the symp. nn. to T12-L2 or with parasymp nn. to S2-4. |
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Term
| What are the spinal nerves that supply the pudendal nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the layers of scrotum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which artery supplies the scrotum - internal or external pudendal? |
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Definition
| both - external is anterior scrotal artery supplier, internal is posterior |
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Term
| What are the cremasteric arteries |
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Definition
| These branches of the inferior epigastric arteries supply the coverings of the spermatic chord |
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Term
| What nerves supply GSAs to the scrotum? |
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Definition
| Ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, superficial and deep perineal nerves (branches of posterior femoral cutaneous), and posterior scrotal nerve (branch of perineal nerve). |
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Term
| to which bony prominences to the distal tendons of fib. longus and brevis attach? |
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Definition
Longus -> 1st metatarsal
brevis -> 5th "" |
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Term
| Which ligaments stabilize the pubic symphasis? |
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Definition
| The superior pubic and arcuate ligs (arc = inferior to symph) |
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Term
| Where are the synovial joints in the leg? |
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Definition
| Knee, proximal tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint, basically everything in the foot |
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Term
| What are the anatomical names of the short and long plantar and spring ligaments? |
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Definition
short - calcaneocuboid
long- (also goes from calcaneous to cuboid)
spring - calcaneonavicular |
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Term
| What is the nerve supplying the short head of biceps femoris? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscle contributes to oblique popliteal lig? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which muscles insert into pes anserinus? |
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Definition
| Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus |
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Term
| Is the superficial fibular nerve motor or cutaneous? |
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Definition
| It is first motor, then exits out of the leg distally to become cutaneous |
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