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Pelvis & Hip
Pelvis & Hip anatomy and movements/muscles
158
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/12/2012

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Term
4 Design Considerations for Bipedal Gait and Upright Posture
Definition
1. Stability and mobility in upright posture
2. Ability to raise & control trunk over hind limbs
3. Ability to balance on one leg
4. Walk with feet underneath body
Term
Lower extremities larger & heavier than upper extremities is for lower body...?
Definition
Stability
Term
Weight is distributed proximally within the extremities is for lower body...?
Definition
Mobility
Term
What gives you the ability to raise & control the trunk over the hindlimbs?
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Term
What gives you the ability to balance on one leg?
Definition
Well-developed Hip Abductors
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimus
Term
If lateral lean and pelvic drop occur during walking, it's called?
Definition
Trendelenburg Gait
Term
What gives us the ability to walk with feet underneath our body
Definition
Angle of Femur
Term
What is the normal Angle of Femur
Definition
14-15 degrees
Term
What does the Angle of Femur do to allow us to walk with feet under body
Definition
Moves center of mass more directly over base of support
Term
How many articulations are there in the Pelvis and Hip Complex?
Definition
5
Term
What are the articulations of the pelvis and hip complex?
Definition
1 Pubic Symphysis
2 Sacroiliac
2 Femoroacetabular
Term
Why is the hip joint (femoroacetabular) stable?
Definition
1. bony architecture
2. strong ligaments
3. large supportive muscles
Term
What are the Hip joint functions in weight bearing & locomotion?
Definition
-Enhanced significantly by its wide ROM
-Ability to run, cross-over cut, side-step cut, jump, & other direction changes
Term
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Definition
Ball & socket joint
Term
Bones of the hip joint
Definition
Head of femur connecting with acetabulum
(pelvic girdle & femur)
Term
what are the bones of the pelvic girdle
Definition
ilium
ischium
pubis
Term
Similarities between hip and shoulder
Definition
ball and socket
labrums
Term
Differences between hip and shoulder
Definition
Weight Bearing
Acetabulum much deeper
bony support
L & R shoulder girdles move independently
Term
Name the parts of the pelvic girdle
Definition
Sacrum
Coccyx
Coxa
Term
Extension of the spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae
Definition
Sacrum
Term
Extending inferiorly from the sacrum is the...?
Definition
coccyx
Term
upper 2/5 area of the coxa
Definition
Ilium
Term
Posterior & lower 2/5 area of the coxa
Definition
Ischium
Term
anterior & lower 1/5 of the coxa
Definition
Pubis
Term
Origin for the hip flexors
Definition
Anterior Pelvis
Term
TFL originates where?
Definition
Anterior iliac crest
Term
Sartorius originates where
Definition
anterior superior iliac spine
Term
Rectus femoris originates where?
Definition
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Term
Extensors of the hip originate where?
Definition
posterior pelvis
Term
where does the gluteus maximus originate?
Definition
Coccyx
Term
where does the hamstrings originate?
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
Abductors originate where?
Definition
lateral pelvis
Term
Where do the gluteus medius and minimus originate
Definition
iliac crest
Term
where is the origin for hip adductors
Definition
medial pelvis
Term
What originates at the inferior pubic ramus
Definition
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
pectineus
gracilis
Term
differences in the pelvis between the sexes
Definition
females are lighter, thinner and wider with lateral flare (broader pelvic activity)
Term
what is the insertion for short muscles of the hip & hip adductors?
Definition
proximal femur
Term
what inserts at the greater trochanter
Definition
gluteal muscles
most of the deep 6
Term
what inserts at the lesser trochanter
Definition
iliopsoas
Term
what inserts at the linear aspera
Definition
hip adductors
Term
insertion for remainder of hip muscles?
Definition
patella & proximal tibia & fibula
Term
What inserts at the anteromedial tibial surface just below medial condyle
Definition
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
Term
what inserts anteromedially onmedial tibial condyle
Definition
semimembranosus
Term
What makes ups the Pes Anserine?
Definition
Sartorius
Gracilis
semiTendinosus
(SGT)
Term
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
Definition
lateral tibial condyle
Term
where does the iliotibial tract of the TFL insert?
Definition
Gerdy's tubercle of tibia
Term
-Holds the femur away from the pelvis in the frontal plane
-designed to resist loads
-formed by trabecular bone and reinforced with cortical bone
Definition
femoral neck
Term
Angle of Inclination ranges
Definition
90-135 degrees
Term
Angle of inclination loading on the femoral neck
Definition
compressive forces
tensile forces
bending moments
Term
what is coxa valga
Definition
angle of inclination greater than 125
Term
coxa valga does what to the limb
Definition
lengthens
Term
coxa valga reduces what
Definition
abductors effectiveness
load on the femoral neck
Term
coxa valga does what to the femoral head?
Definition
increases the load
Term
What is Coxa Vara
Definition
angle of inclination less than 125 degrees
Term
coxa vara does what to the limb
Definition
shortens
Term
coxa vara increases what?
Definition
abductors effectiveness and load on femoral neck
Term
Angle of the femoral neck with respect to the femoral condyles in the transverse plane is what?
Definition
angle of anteversion
Term
normallythe distal femur is rotated how with respect to the femoral neck
Definition
medially 12-14 degrees
Term
Angle of the femoral beyond 14degrees of medial rotation of the distal femur
Definition
Excessive Anteversion
Term
Internally rotated femur may result in what?
Definition
"toe-in" gait
Term
what is "toeing out" gait?
Definition
retroversion
Term
Common in the elderly due to decreased bone mineral density
Definition
femoral neck
Term
what can cause a femoral neck fracture
Definition
1. unexpected load
2. decreased bone mineral density
Term
Hip abductors counteract what?
Definition
bending moment produced by body weight
Term
hip abductors reduce tension where
Definition
on the superior surface of the femoral neck
Term
what type of joint is the pubic symphysis
Definition
Term
What type of joint is the Pubic Symphysis?
Definition
Nonarthrodial
Term
What connects the two pubic bones?
Definition
Fibrocartilage disc
Term
The pubic symphysis is supported by what?
Definition
the pubic ligament
Term
What are the primary ligaments of the hip/pelvis
Definition
Anterior (ventral) sacroiliac ligament
Posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament
Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
Term
Accessory ligaments of the pelvis/hip
Definition
sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
iliolumbar ligament
Term
Articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum?
Definition
Femoroacetabular (hip) joints
Term
Femoroacetabular joint is what kind of joint?
Definition
ball and socket
Term
Which joint is the second most mobile joint of the body?
Definition
femoroacetabular joint
Term
Femoroacetabular joint is reinforced by what?
Definition
extremely strong & dense ligamentous capsule
Term
"Y" ligament
Definition
Iliofemoral ligament
Term
Reinforces anterior and superior aspects of the hip joint capsule
Definition
Iliofemoral ligament
Term
Iliofemoral ligament prevents excessive what?
Definition
extension, internal and external rotation
Term
reinforces inferior aspect of the hip joint capsule
Definition
pubofemoral ligament
Term
pubofemoral ligament prevents excessive what?
Definition
abduction
Term
Reinforces posterior aspect of the hip joint capsule and spirals over the superior aspect of the femoral neck
Definition
ischiofemoral ligament
Term
Ischiofemoral ligament prevents what?
Definition
adduction and internal rotation
Term
What provides hip joint stability?
Definition
1. Bony configuration
2. Strong capsular and reinforcing ligaments
Term
hip joint stability ligaments consist of what kind of fibers?
Definition
longitudinal and circumferential
Term
hip joint ligaments are in what pattern?
Definition
criss-cross
Term
hip joint capsule functions like a what?
Definition
finger trap
-as hip extens, fibers clamp down on bony contents, firmly holding femoral head in the acetabulum
Term
as the hip flexes, the capsule does what?
Definition
Slackens
Term
Intra-articular ligament that carries small artery to the femoral head and has little mecahnical support
Definition
ligament of head of femur (teres ligament)
Term
How many pelvic movements are there?
Definition
6
Term
Pelvic girdle rotation results from motion where?
Definition
1 or more locations:
-right hip
-left hip
-lumbar spine
Term
what are the pelvic movements?
Definition
Anterior tilt
Posteriot tilt
Left lateral tilt
Right lateral tilt
Left Rotation
Right Rotation
Term
Which pelvic movements occur in the sagittal plane?
Definition
anterior and posterior tilt
Term
Which pelvic movements occur in the Frontal plane?
Definition
left and right lateral tilt
Term
anterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts forward in sagittal plane
Definition
anterior tilt
Term
posterior movement of upper pelvis, iliac crest tilts backward in sagittal plane
Definition
posterior tilt
Term
left pelvis moves inferiorly relative to right pelvis (either L pelvis rotates down or R pelvis rotates up)
Definition
Left lateral tilt
Term
Right pelvis moves inferiorly relative to left pelvis (either R pelvis rotates down or L pelvis rotates up)
Definition
Right lateral tilt
Term
Pelvis rotates to the body's left (R iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to L iliac crest, which moves posteriorly)
Definition
Left rotation
Term
Pelvis rotates to the body's right (L iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to R iliac crest, which moves posteriorly)
Definition
Right rotation
Term
Movement of the femur straight anteriorly toward the pelvis
Definition
Hip flexion
Term
Hip movements
Definition
Hip flexion
Hip extension
Hip abduction
Hip adduction
Hip external rotation
Hip internal rotation
Term
Movement of the femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis
Definition
Hip extension
Term
Movement of the femur laterally away from the midline
Definition
Hip abduction
Term
Movement of the femur medially toward the midline
Definition
Hip Adduction
Term
Rotary movement of the femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from the midline
Definition
Hip external rotation
Term
Rotary movement of the femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline
Definition
Hip internal rotation
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic anterior tilt?
Definition
LS - extension
RH - flexion
LH - flexion
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic posterior tilt?
Definition
LS - flexion
RH - extension
LH - extension
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Right lateral tilt?
Definition
LS - Left lateral flexion
RH - abduction
LH - adduction
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Left lateral tilt?
Definition
LS - L lateral flexion
RH - adduction
LH - abduction
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Right rotation?
Definition
LS - L transverse rotation
RH - internal rotation
LH - external rotation
Term
What lumbar spine, and R & L hip motions occur with Pelvic Left rotation?
Definition
LS - R transverse rotation
RH - external rotation
Term
How many biarticulate muscles of the hip and what are they?
Definition
7
-Rectus femoris
-Biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Sartorius
-Gracilis
-Tensor fascia latae
Term
muscles involved in hip & pelvic girdle motions depend largely on what in relation to earth & gravitational forces?
Definition
direction of movement and position of body
Term
Movement at hips & knees is flexion, is primarily eccentric, and the control is at the hip & knee extensors for this phase of the squat
Definition
downward phase of a squat
Term
Anterior hip muscles involved in flexion
Definition
iliopsoas
pectineus
rectus femoris
sartorius
Term
posterior hip muscles involved in extension
Definition
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
external rotators
Term
medial hip muscles involved in adduction
Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis
Term
lateral hip muscles involved in abduction
Definition
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
external rotators
Term
the thigh is divided into 3 compartments by what?
Definition
the intermuscular septa
Term
Anterior compartment of the thigh muscles
Definition
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
sartorius
Term
Posterior compartment of the thigh muscles
Definition
biceps femoris
semitendinosis
semimembranosus
Term
Medial compartment of the thigh muscles
Definition
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis
Term
Iliacus & psoas major muscles primary function
Definition
Hip flexion
Term
Rectus femoris muscle primary function
Definition
hip flexion and knee extension
Term
sartorius muscle primary function
Definition
hip flexion
Term
tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle primary function
Definition
Hip internal rotation
Term
Gluteus maximus muscle primary function
Definition
Hip extension and hip external rotation
Term
Gluteus medius muscle primary function
Definition
Hip abduction
Term
Gluteus minimus muscle primary function
Definition
Hip abduction
Term
Along with hip flexion, this muscle is involved in hip external rotation, and pelvic rotation towards contralateral limb when ipsilateral femur is stabilized
Definition
Iliacus & Psoas Major
Term
Along with hip flexion and knee extension, this muscle also involved in hip abduction and anterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Rectus femoris
Term
Along with hip flexion, this is also involved in hip abduction and external rotation, knee flexion, and anterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Sartorius muscle
Term
Along with hip internal rotation, this is also involved in hip flexion and abduction, and anterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
Term
Along with Hip extension and external rotation, this is also involved with Hip abduction in the upper fibers, hip adductionin the lower fibers, and posterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Term
Along with hip abduction, its also involved in hip internal rotation and flexion for anterior fibers, hip extension and external rotation for posterior fibers and lateral pelvic tilt to ipsilateral side
Definition
Gluteus Medius
Term
Along with hip abduction, its involved in hip flexion, internal rotation as femur abducts, and lateral pelvic tilt to ipsilateral side
Definition
gluteus minimus
Term
Six deep lateral rotator muscles are?
Definition
Piriformis
Gamellus superior and inferior
Obturator externus and internus
Quadratus femoris
Term
6 deep lateral rotator muscles functions as?
Definition
Hip external rotations
Term
Semitendinosus primary function
Definition
Hip extension and knee flexion
Term
Along with hip extension and knee flexion, these muscles also involved in hip INTERNAL rotation, knee internal rotation, and posterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Term
Semimembranosus primary function
Definition
Hip extension and knee flexion
Term
Biceps Femoris muscle primary function
Definition
Hip extension and knee flexion
Term
Along with hip extension and knee flexion, also involved in Hip and Knee EXTERNAL rotation and posterior pelvic tilt
Definition
Biceps femoris
Term
Adductor Brevis Primary and secondary function
Definition
Hip adduction (primary)
Hip internal rotation (secondary)
Term
Adductor Longus primary and secondary functions
Definition
Hip adduction (primary)
Hip flexion and external rotation (secondary)
Term
Adductor Magnus primary function
Definition
Hip adduction
Term
Along with hip adduction, upper fibers are involved in Hip external rotation, and lower fibers are involved in hip internal rotation and hip extension
Definition
Adductor Magnus muscle
Term
Primary functions of pectineus muscle
Definition
Hip adduction and flexion
Term
along with hip adduction and flexion, also involved in hip external rotation
Definition
pectineus
Term
Along with hip adduction, also involved in hip internal rotation and weak knee flexion
Definition
Gracilis
Term
Primary function of Gracilis
Definition
Hip adduction
Term
Muscles involved in Hip flexion
Definition
PRIMARY:
Psoas
Iliacus
Rectus Femoris
Pectineus
Sartorius
SECONDARY:
TFL
Term
Muscles involved in Hip Extension
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Biceps femoris (long head)
Semitendinosus
Semimembrinosus
Term
Muscles involved in Hip Abduction
Definition
PRIMARY:
Gluteus medius
SECONDARY:
TFL
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus Minimus
Term
Muscles involved in Hip Adduction
Definition
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Term
Muscles involved in Hip internal rotation
Definition
PRIMARY:
TFL
SECONDARY:
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Term
Muscles involved in Hip external rotation
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Deep 6
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