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Pelvis Hadnout Notecards TTUHSC
Pelvis Hadnout Notecards TTUHSC
273
Anatomy
Professional
10/04/2012

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Term
Each hip bone consists of three parts: _____
Definition
ilium, ischium and pubis
Term
_____ (cavity for head of femur).
Definition
acetabulum
Term
The L5 vertebra and the S1 vertebra articulate with one another by an _________ joint between their bodies and by two posterior _____ joints between their articular processes.
Definition
anterior fibrocartilaginous

synovial
Term
L5 vertebra is also attached to the ilium and the sacrum by the ________
Definition
iliolumbar ligaments
Term
iliolumbar ligaments unite each thick ________ of L5 vertebra to the _____ of the iliac crest posteriorly.
Definition
transverse process

internal lip
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments help to stabilize the ______ joint.
Definition
lumbosacral
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments help to stabilize the lumbosacral joint and limit ______ and assist the vertebral articular processes by preventing _______.
Definition
axial rotation of L5 vertebra on the sacrum

preventing forward gliding of L5 vertebra on the sacrum.
Term
The sacroiliac joints are very strong synovial joints between the articular surfaces of _____ & ______.
Definition
the sacrum and the ilium.
Term
______ is responsible for transmitting the weight of the body to the ossa coxae or hip bones
Definition
The sacroiliac joints
Term
The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments are accessory ligaments of the _____ that bind the ____ to the _____.
Definition
accessory

sacrum

ischium
Term
The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments resist ________
Definition
backward rotation of the inferior end of the sacrum.
Term
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments convert sciatic notches into _______
Definition
greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
Term
______ and _____ in the same coronal plane.
Definition
pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spines
Term
Pelvis is tipped _____.
Definition
Anteriorly
Term
Muscles of the lateral pelvic wall: _____
Definition
The piriformis muscle & The obturator internus muscle
Term
The piriformis muscle Origin:
Definition
anterior aspect of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lateral masses of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Term
The piriformis muscle Insertion:
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
The piriformis muscle leaves the pelvis via ________ and passes ____ to the head of the femur to reach its insertion.
Definition
the greater sciatic foramen

posteriorly
Term
______ forms a muscular bed for the sacral plexus.
Definition
piriformis muscle
Term
Piriformis muscle Innervation
Definition
Innervation - S1, S2.
Term
The piriformis muscle Action
Definition
laterally rotates thigh and abducts thigh (non-weight bearing); assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum (weight bearing).
Term
The obturator internus muscle is a thick _____ shaped muscle.
Definition
fanshaped
Term
The obturator internus muscle Origin
Definition
Origin - anterolateral wall of pelvis minor including margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane.
Term
The obturator internus muscle Insertion
Definition
Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
Term
The obturator internus muscle passes through the _______ and makes a ______ turn around the ______.
Definition
lesser sciatic foramen

right angle

lesser sciatic notch
Term
The obturator internus muscle Innervation
Definition
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2).
Term
The obturator internus muscle Action
Definition
laterally rotates thigh (non-weight bearing); assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum (weight bearing)
Term
Muscles of the pelvic floor (Pelvic Diaphragm): _____
Definition
The two levatores ani muscles and the two coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscles
Term
The pelvic diaphragm forms the fibromuscular floor of the ____ cavities.
Definition
abdominopelvic cavities
Term
Three parts of the levator ani muscle: ____
Definition
Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, Iliococcygeus
Term
______ Encircles the urethra, vagina and anus and merges in the perineal body
Definition
Pubococcygeus
Term
______ from the two sides loop around the posterior surface of the ______, forming a U-shaped rectal sling.
Definition
Puborectalis

anorectal junction
Term
In the adult the empty bladder lies in _____ posterior to the pubic bones, from which it is separated by a ____ space, called the ______
Definition
the pelvis minor

connective tissue space

retropubic space
Term
In infants and children the bladder is
Definition
in the abdomen.
Term
The bladder is relatively free within the loose _____ fatty tissue except for its _____, which is held firmly by the _____ ligaments in the male and the _____ ligaments in the female.
Definition
extraperitoneal

neck

puboprostatic ligaments in the male

pubovesical ligaments in the female.
Term
Mucous membrane in the empty bladder is in numerous folds or _____, except in the _____ where the mucous membrane is smooth, because here it is firmly attached to ________
Definition
rugae

trigone

the muscular wall
Term
Wall of the bladder is chiefly composed of _____ muscle called _______.
Definition
of smooth muscle called detrusor urinae muscle
Term
At neck of the bladder detrusor urinae muscle fibers form ________.
Definition
the involuntary internal sphincter.
Term
The openings of the ____ & ______ form the angles of the trigone
Definition
ureters and urethra
Term
The ureters pass obliquely through the bladder wall in an ______ direction, which helps prevent urine from backing up the ureters.
Definition
inferomedial
Term
Three parts of the The male urethra
Definition
The prostatic part, The membranous part, The spongy part
Term
The prostatic part begins at _______, decends through the prostate and ends at ______.
Definition
internal urethral orifice at the apex of the trigone

the superior layer of deep fascia of the sphincter urethrae muscle.
Term
The posterior wall of the prostatic part has notable features: ______
Definition
urethral crest, prostatic sinus, seminal colliculus, prostatic utricle (vestigial homolog of uterus and vagina), and openings of ejaculatory ducts.
Term
______ part is shortest and least dilatable
Definition
The membranous part
Term
The membranous part traverses the ______ muscle and the ______ membrane.
Definition
sphincter urethrae muscle and the perineal membrane.
Term
Bulbourethral gland located on each side of which part _____
Definition
The membranous part
Term
The spongy part begins where the urethra passes into the _______ of the penis and ends at the ________.
Definition
corpus spongiosum

external urethral orifice
Term
For Females the external urethral orifice is located in _______
Definition
the vestibule of the vagina
Term
The female urethra is surrounded by the ________
Definition
sphincter urethrae muscle
Term
Are urethral glands present in females?
Definition
Yes
Term
The female urethra passes with the vagina through ______.
Definition
The pelvic and urogenital diaphragm and the perineal membrane
Term
The male genital organs: _______
Definition
comprise the testes, the deferent ducts, the seminal vesicles, and the ejaculatory ducts
Term
Accessory or auxiliary genital male glands: ______
Definition
Prostate and bulbourethral glands
Term
The ductus deferens begins in ______ and ends in ______
Definition
the tail of the epididymis

the ejaculatory duct
Term
The ductus deferens enlarges to form the _____ then narrows to form the ______
Definition
ampulla

ejaculatory duct
Term
The seminal vesicles consist of long, coiled tubes which form vesicle-like masses on the base of the ______
Definition
bladder
Term
The seminal vesicles do or don't store sperm?
Definition
Don't
Term
The seminal vesicles secrete ______
Definition
a thick secretion which mixes with the sperm
Term
The seminal vesicles are situated at _______, anterior to the _____
Definition
the base of the bladder

rectum
Term
The seminal vesicles are separated from the rectum by the ________.
Definition
rectovesical pouch.
Term
_______ form the ejaculatory duct.
Definition
The duct of each seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to
Term
The ejaculatory ducts open by slit-like apertures into _____, one on each side of the ______
Definition
the prostatic urethra.

orifice of the prostatic utricle
Term
_____ is the largest of the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract
Definition
Prostate
Term
The prostate surrounds the _____ part of the urethra
Definition
first
Term
The prostate is enclosed by ______.
Definition
the fascial sheath of the prostate.
Term
The base of the prostate is related to the _______; its apex is related to the _______ and rests on the ______.
Definition
Neck of the bladder

superior fascia of the urogenital
diaphragm

sphincter urethrae muscle.
Term
The ________ pass through the substance of the prostate, dividing it into median and lateral lobes.
Definition
prostatic urethra and the ejaculatory ducts
Term
_____ lobe of the prostate in older men commonly produces a projection into the cavity of the ____ called the _______.
Definition
Median

Bladder

Uvula of the bladder
Term
Veins of the prostate form the ______, which drains into the ______, but also communicates with the _____ and the _______.
Definition
prostatic venous plexus

internal iliac veins

vesical plexus

vertebral venous plexuses
Term
Cancer of the prostate metastasizes via blood and lymph to the ____ & _____.
Definition
vertebral column and pelvis
Term
__________ are the basis of this metastasis of Prostate Cancer.
Definition
valveless venous communications between the prostatic plexus of veins and the vertebral venous plexuses are the basis of this metastasis
Term
Straining to urinate, necessary when prostate cancer impedes the flow of urine, causes ______.
Definition
excess shunting of blood to vertebral venous plexuses.
Term
The bulbourethral glands lie _______ to the membranous urethra;
Definition
posterolateral
Term
The bulbourethral glands open by minute apertures into the _______.
Definition
proximal part of the spongy urethra
Term
The bulbourethral glands receive blood supply from _______.
Definition
arteries to the bulb of the penis.
Term
The internal female genital organs: ________
Definition
the vagina, the uterus, the uterine tubes and the ovaries
Term
The vagina is a _____ tube.
Definition
musculomembranous
Term
____ serves as inferior end of the birth canal
Definition
Vagina
Term
The vagina descends ______ from the ______.
Definition
anteroinferiorly

rectouterine pouch
Term
The vagina communicates superiorly with _______
Definition
the cavity of the uterus
Term
The vagina's posterior wall extends superior to the cervix of the uterus to _______.
Definition
the posterior fornix
Term
The _____ surrounds the entrance to the cervix.
Definition
the hymen membrane
Term
the vagina lies posterior to the _____ and anterior to the _____.
Definition
urinary bladder

rectum
Term
The ______ of the vagina is usually covered by peritoneum, thus injuries may involve the peritoneal cavity through the _______.
Definition
superior limit

rectouterine pouch
Term
The vagina is related inferiorly to the _______.
Definition
perineal body
Term
Anteriorly the body of the uterus is separated from the bladder by the ______.
Definition
vesicouterine pouch
Term
vesicouterine pouch is _____ when the uterus is in its normal position
Definition
empty
Term
Posterior to the Uterus lies _____
Definition
Sigmoid Colon
Term
uterus separated from the rectum by the _______.
Definition
rectouterine pouch
Term
the ureter is crossed superiorly by the _______ at the side of the cervix.
Definition
uterine artery
Term
* Uterus is bent ___ & _____.
Definition
anteriorly or anteflexed 170

inclined forward (anteverted, 90)
Term
The uterus is normally bent anteriorly or anteflexed (____ degrees) between _______.
Definition
170o

the cervix and the body
Term
The entire uterus is normally bent or inclined forward (anteverted, ____ degrees).
Definition
90 degrees
Term
The body of the uterus is enclosed between the layers of ______ and is freely ______.
Definition
the broad ligament

movable
Term
As bladder is fully distended the uterus becomes _____.
Definition
retroverted
Term
The broad ligaments enclosing the uterus are folds of ____ with _____ on their anterior and posterior surfaces.
Definition
peritoneum

mesothelium
Term
The broad ligaments extend from the sides of the ____ to the _____ of the pelvis.
Definition
Uterus

side walls and the floor
Term
____ hold the uterus in relatively normal position.
Definition
broad ligaments
Term
Enclosed in the ______ of each broad ligament is a ______.
Definition
free edge

uterine tube
Term
The ligament of the ovary lies _____ and the round ligament of the uterus lies ______ within the broad ligament.
Definition
posterosuperiorly

anteroinferiorly
Term
Two ligaments contained within the broad ligament: ______
Definition
ligament of the ovary

round ligament of the uterus
Term
Four parts of the broad ligament: ______
Definition
Suspensory ligament of the ovary, mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium
Term
The cervix of the uterus is held in position by several structures: ________
Definition
the transverse cervical ligaments

the sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments

pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments
Term
transverse cervical ligaments (______)
Definition
cardinal ligaments
Term
sacrocervical (_____) ligaments
Definition
uterosacral
Term
pubocervical (_____) ligaments
Definition
pubouterine
Term
The transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments) extend from _____ to _____
Definition
the cervix and the lateral fornices of the vagina to the side walls of the pelvis
Term
The sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments pass from ___________ towards ____
Definition
the sides of the cervix toward the sacrum
Term
____ hold the cervix in its normal relationship to the sacrum
Definition
sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments
Term
Pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments are a continuation of _____
Definition
pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments
Term
Pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments pass from ____ to _____
Definition
pass from the cervix to the pubic bone
Term
The principal supports of the uterus are: _____
Definition
the pelvic floor (tone of levator ani muscles) and the structures surrounding the uterus (transverse cervical, sacrocervical and pubocervical ligaments).
Term
The uterine tubes extend from _____.
Definition
from the cornua or horns of the uterus
Term
The uterine tubes are designed to receive the oocytes discharged from ______.
Definition
ovarian follicles
Term
The uterine tubes convey the ____ to the uterus
Definition
zygote
Term
The uterine tubes convey sperm towards _______, where the _____ waits for fertilization.
Definition
the ampulla of the tube where oocyte waits for fertilization
Term
The uterine tubes open at distal ends into the ______.
Definition
peritoneal cavity
Term
The ovaries located one on each side in the_______.
Definition
ovarian fossa
Term
The ovaries bounded anteriorly by the _______ and posteriorly by ______
Definition
obliterated umbilical artery

the ureter and the internal iliac artery
Term
each ovary is attached to the posterosuperior aspect of the ______
Definition
Broad Ligament
Term
Each ovary is suspended from the posterior layer of the borad ligament by the _______, through which the _____ pass
Definition
mesovarium

ovarian vessels
Term
Ovary is attached to uterus by the ______ which runs in _____.
Definition
ligament of the ovary

the broad ligament
Term
Near the pelvic brim the ovary is attached by the _______ which contains the ________.
Definition
suspensory ligament of the ovary*

ovarian vessels and nerves
Term
Suspensory ligament of the ovary contains _____
Definition
ovarian vessels and nerves
Term
Ligament of the ovary runs in _____
Definition
the broad ligament
Term
*The surface of the ovary is not covered by _____ hence the oocyte is expelled ______
Definition
peritoneum

into the peritoneal cavity
Term
The oocyte is expelled into ______
Definition
the peritoneal cavity
Term
Ovarian arteries arise from _____ at L1-L2 below the _____ arteries
Definition
abdominal aorta

renal
Term
On reaching the pelvic brim, the ovarian arteries cross over the _____ internal to the _____.
Definition
external iliac vessels

ureter
Term
Ovarian veins form a brace of vessels called the _____ which communicates with the _____
Definition
pampiniform plexus which communicates with the uterine plexus
Term
* Two veins leaving the ovarian plexus form _______
Definition
one ovarian vein
Term
The ____ ovarian vein ascends to the _____ vena cava
Definition
right

inferior
Term
The _____ ovarian vein drains into the ___ renal vein.
Definition
left

left
Term
The rectum is continuous superiorly with ______
Definition
the sigmoid colon
Term
The rectum begins on the pelvic surface of _______
Definition
the third piece of the sacrum (S3)
Term
Rectum ends by turning _____ to become the ______
Definition
posteroinferiorly

anal canal
Term
Rectum follows the curve of the ____
Definition
sacrum
Term
Terminal part of the rectum bends sharply _____ to join _______.
Definition
Backwards

Anal Canal
Term
Inferior part of the rectum is distended into the ______
Definition
rectal ampulla
Term
Rectum is _____ in the coronal plane
Definition
S-shaped
Term
At the concavities of the rectum there are folds called _____ which partly close the lumen.
Definition
transverse rectal folds
Term
Tooo much for note card

Relations of the rectum - posteriorly it rests on the inferior three sacral vertebrae, the coccyx, the anococcygeal ligament, the median sacral vessels, branches of the superior rectal artery and the inferior ends of the sympathetic trunks; anteriorly in male it is related to base of bladder, terminal parts of ureters, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, and prostate. In the female the anterior relation of the rectum is the vagina.
Definition
Term
Peritoneum covers the ____ of the rectum (_______)
Definition
superior third

intraperitoneal
Term
Peritoneum and the middle third of the rectum?
Definition
the middle third has peritoneum in front only (retroperitoneal)
Term
The _____ of the rectum has no peritoneal covering (______).
Definition
inferior third

extraperitoneal
Term
In the male the peritoneum is reflected from anterior surface of rectum to posterior wall of the bladder where it forms the floor of the _______.
Definition
rectovesical pouch
Term
In the female the peritoneum is reflected from the rectum to the posterior fornix of the vagina, where it forms the floor of the ______.
Definition
rectouterine pouch.
Term
The obturator nerve arises from _____
Definition
lumbar plexus (not sacral plexus)
Term
The obturator nerve arises from lumbar plexus in the substance of the _____ muscle from the anterior branches of the ventral rami of ______
Definition
psoas major

L2, L3, L4
Term
The obturator nerve runs anteroinferiorly in the ______ medial to the fascia over the ____ muscle.
Definition
extraperitoneal fat

obturator internus
Term
The obturator nerve passes along the obturator groove _____ to the obturator artery and vein
Definition
superior
Term
The obturator nerve passes along the obturator groove where it divides into
____ & _____ divisions which leave the pelvis via the _____ to supply the thigh.
Definition
anterior and posterior

obturator foramen
Term
The lumbosacral trunk formed by ventral nerve rami of ______
Definition
L4 and L5
Term
The lumbosacral trunk descends over _____
Definition
sacroiliac joint.
Term
The sacral plexus is located in ______
Definition
The pelvis minor
Term
The sacral plexus is formed by the ______.
Definition
lumbosacral trunk and the ventral rami of the first three and the descending part of the fourth sacral nerves.
Term
The sciatic nerve is part of ____
Definition
Sacral Plexus
Term
The sciatic nerve formed by _____
Definition
ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3.
Term
The sciatic nerve passes through the ________ inferior to the _____ muscle along with the _____ nerve.
Definition
greater sciatic foramen

piriformis

inferior gluteal
Term
The Piriformis, exits the pelvis through the ________.
Definition
Greater sciatic foramen,
Term
In the back of the thigh the sciatic nerve divides into ____ & ___ nerves.
Definition
tibial and common peroneal nerves
Term
The pudendal nerve arises from anterior divisions of the ventral rami _____.
Definition
S2, S3, S4.
Term
The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis between _______ and through _____.
Definition
the piriformis and coccygeus muscles (through the greater sciatic foramen),
Term
The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis via _____ greater sciatic foramen and hooks around the sacrospinous ligament to enter the perineum through the _________.
Definition
lesser sciatic foramen
Term
The pudendal nerve is distributed to the muscles of the _____, including the _________.
Definition
perineum

external anal sphincter
Term
The pudendal nerve ends as the ______
Definition
dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
Term
The pudendal nerve is sensory to ______
Definition
external genitalia
Term
The sacral sympathetic trunks are directly continuous with ______.
Definition
the lumbar sympathetic trunks.
Term
The sacral sympathetic trunks descend on the _______ just medial to the ____.
Definition
pelvic surface of the sacrum

pelvic sacral foramina
Term
pelvic sacral foramina (_____)
Definition
Anterior sacral foramina
Term
Sacral sympathetic trunks converge as they pass along the sacrum and unite in the small median _____ on the _____.
Definition
ganglion impar

coccyx
Term
The Sacral Sympathetic trunks send _____ communicantes (_____ fibers) to each of the ventral rami of the ____ & _____ nerves
Definition
gray rami communicantes (post-ganglionic fibers)

sacral and coccygeal nerves.
Term
Sacral sympathetic trunks also send branches to the ______ artery and to the _______ plexus.
Definition
median sacral

inferior hypogastric
Term
The hypogastric plexuses: ______
Definition
superior hypogastric plexus

Right and Left inferior hypogastric plexuses
Term
Superior hypogastric plexus descends into the _____ and lies ______
Definition
pelvis

just below the bifurcation of the aorta
Term
Superior hypogastric plexus is the downward prolongation of the ______ joined by _________.
Definition
intermesenteric plexus

L3 and L4 splanchnic nerves.
Term
Branches from the superior hypogastric plexus enter the pelvis and descend anterior to the sacrum as _______, which descend, mingle with the pelvic splanchnic nerves and ______.
Definition
the right and left hypogastric nerves

form the right and left inferior hypogastric plexuses.
Term
______ form the right and left inferior hypogastric plexuses.
Definition
pelvic splanchnic nerves (Parasymphatetic) & right and left hypogastric nerves respectively (Branches of Superior Hypogastric Plexus)
Term
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are _____
Definition
parasympathetic
Term
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are parasympathetic and are derived from _____.
Definition
S2, S3 and S4,
Term
Superior hypogastric plexus, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Definition
Sympathetic
Term
Inferior hypogastric plexuses, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Definition
Para (Contains Pelvic splanchnic nerves, para)
Term
Each plexus of the hypogastric plexuses surrounds the corresponding _______.
Definition
internal iliac artery
Term
Branches from the hypogastric plexuses are distributed to ______ along the branches of the _____ artery
Definition
the pelvic viscera

internal iliac
Term
The visceral plexuses are extensions of the _______ on the walls of the _____.
Definition
inferior hypogastric plexuses

pelvic viscera
Term
The visceral plexuses include: ______
Definition
middle rectal plexus

vesical plexus

prostatic plexus

uterovaginal plexus (homologous with the prostatic plexus)
Term
uterovaginal plexus is homologous with _______.
Definition
the prostatic plexus
Term
Three types of splanchnic nerves: ______
Definition
Thoracic, lumbar, pelvic
Term
Thoracic splanchnic nerves: ______
Definition
greater, lesser and lowest
Term
Thoracic splanchnic nerves, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Definition
sympathetic
Term
Thoracic splanchnic nerves originate from ______
Definition
branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia T5 to T12.
Term
Lumbar splanchnic nerves, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Definition
Sympathetic
Term
Lumbar splanchnic nerves originate from branches of the _______.
Definition
four lumbar sympathetic ganglia.
Term
Pelvic, parasympathetic or sympathetic?
Definition
Parasympathetic
Term
Pelvic splanchnic nerves originate from branches of ventral rami of _________.
Definition
Sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4.
Term
_______ are motor (and sensory) to the detrusor muscle and inhibitory to the internal sphincter.
Definition
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)
Term
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) are ______ to the internal sphincter.
Definition
inhibitory
Term
When the Pelvic splanchnic nerves' fibers are stimulated by ______, the bladder ______, the internal sphincter ______, and urine flows in the urethra.
Definition
stretching

contracts

relaxes
Term
______ responsible for the tonic contraction of the involuntary sphincter.
Definition
Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2)
Term
Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2) are ______ to the bladder
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2) supplied the muscles of: ______
Definition
epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate.
Term
_______ (voluntary sphincter)
Definition
sphincter urethrae muscle
Term
________ is motor to the sphincter urethrae muscle (voluntary sphincter)
Definition
The pudendal nerve
Term
_____ nerve provides sensory for glans penis and spongy urethra.
Definition
The pudendal nerve
Term
_____ different arteries enter the pelvis minor: _______
Definition
Four

internal iliac (paired), median sacral, superior rectal and ovarian (paired).
Term
The superior rectal artery is the continuation of the ______.
Definition
inferior mesenteric artery
Term
______ supplies most of the blood to the pelvic viscera.
Definition
The internal iliac artery
Term
*ANTERIOR BRANCHES of the Internal Iliac Artery are the: __________.
Definition
umbilical, the obturator, the inferior vesical, the uterine, the middle rectal, the internal pudendal and the inferior gluteal.
Term
The umbilical artery gives off ____ to the bladder.
Definition
superior vesical arteries
Term
Detrusor urinae muscle WIKI
Definition
The detrusor urinae muscle, also detrusor muscle, muscularis propria of the urinary bladder and (less precise) muscularis propria, contracts when urinating to squeeze out urine. Otherwise, it remains relaxed to allow the bladder to fill
Term
The umbilical artery becomes obliterated and forms ______ of anterior abdominal wall.
Definition
medial umbilical ligament
Term
In the male the artery to the ductus deferens can arise from: _______
Definition
The superior vesical artery, the inferior vesical artery, the internal iliac artery or the umbilical artery.
Term
The obturator artery usually arises close to the __________; it is crossed by _______
Definition
umbilical artery

the ureter
Term
The obturator artery passes through the _______ to supply muscles of the ________.
Definition
obturator foramen

thigh and the ligament of the head of the femur
Term
The obturator artery gives off a nutrient artery to the _____.
Definition
ilium
Term
The obturator artery gives off a pubic branch which anastomoses with the _______ of the ______ (may be large - _______).
Definition
inferior epigastric artery

external iliac

accessory obturator
Term
A medially placed obturator artery is vulnerable to injury during _____.
Definition
repair of femoral hernia.
Term
the word "vesical" when used in this section of anatomy usually refers to the ___________-
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
The inferior vesical artery corresponds to the ___________ in the female.
Definition
vaginal artery in the female
Term
The inferior vesical artery passes forward to base of bladder and supplies:________
Definition
the seminal vesicle, the prostate, and the posteroinferior part of the bladder.
Term
The inferior vesical artery supplies _____ of the bladder
Definition
posteroinferior part
Term
The vaginal artery is a branch of _____
Definition
The internal iliac artery
Term
The umbilical artery is a branch of _____
Definition
The internal iliac artery
Term
The obturator artery is a branch of _____
Definition
The internal iliac artery
Term
The inferior vesical artery is a branch of _____
Definition
The internal iliac artery DUH!
Term
The uterine artery may arise from ______
Definition
umbilical or internal iliac
Term
The uterine artery homolog of ______
Definition
artery of ductus deferens
Term
The uterine artery enters _______
Definition
the broad ligament.
Term
*The uterine artery passes ______ the ureter near the lateral fornix of the vagina.
Definition
anterior to and above
Term
The uterine artery anastomoses with ______
Definition
ovarian artery
Term
The uterine artery passes anterior to and above the ureter near the lateral fornix of the vagina. This point of crossing lies about 2 cm ______.
Definition
superior to the ischial spine.
Term
The internal pudendal artery leaves the pelvis between the _____ & ______ by passing through ________. Then enters the ______ through the lesser sciatic foramen and passes through the _______.
Definition
piriformis and coccygeus muscles

greater sciatic foramen

ischiorectal fossa

pudendal canal
Term
The inferior gluteal artery usually passes between ____ & ____ and leaves the pelvis through the inferior part of the _________ below the piriformis muscle.
Definition
S2 and S3

greater sciatic foramen
Term
Posterior branches of the internal iliac artery: _____
Definition
The superior gluteal artery

The iliolumbar artery

The lateral sacral arteries
Term
The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvis through the superior part of the ______ above the ________.
Definition
greater sciatic foramen

piriformis muscle.
Term
The iliolumbar artery separates the _____ from the ______.
Definition
obturator nerve from the lumbosacral trunk.
Term
The iliolumbar artery divides into an _____ branch and a _____ branch.
Definition
iliac

lumbar
Term
The median sacral artery paired or unpaired?
Definition
Unpaired
Term
The median sacral artery is the final unpaired branch of the _____; runs anterior to ______.
Definition
abdominal aorta

body of sacrum.
Term
The lateral sacral arteries descend _____ to the sacral ventral rami, giving off spinal branches that pass through ______ and supply ______.
Definition
anterior

the pelvic sacral foramina (Anterior sacral foramina)

the contents of the sacral canal.
Term
pelvic sacral foramina (______)
Definition
Anterior sacral foramina
Term
The superior rectal artery is a direct continuation of _______.
Definition
the inferior mesenteric artery
Term
The superior rectal artery anastomoses with ______, which is a branch of the ______ artery. Superior Rectal Artery also anastomoses with the ______ artery, which is a branch of _______.
Definition
middle rectal

internal iliac

inferior rectal

internal pudendal artery
Term
The ovarian artery paired or unpaired?
Definition
paired
Term
The ovarian arteries arise from ______ inferior to the _____ arteries.
Definition
abdominal aorta

renal
Term
The ovarian artery passes ______ to the ureter
Definition
inferiorly internal
Term
The ovarian artery anastomoses with the ______.
Definition
uterine artery
Term
Pelvic venous plexuses are formed by ________.
Definition
pelvic veins
Term
*Pelvic venous plexuses most drain into ______ (and therefore into the _____ or ____ system), some drain via ______ into the inferior mesenteric vein (and therefore into the ____ system).
Definition
internal iliac v.

caval or systemic

superior rectal vein

portal
Term
Rectal venous plexuses surround the ____.
Definition
rectum
Term
Rectal venous plexuses drais into: ______ veins
Definition
superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins
Term
The superior rectal vein drains into the ______.
Definition
inferior mesenteric vein
Term
The superior rectal vein drains into the inferior mesenteric vein and forms communications between the ____ & ____ systems.
Definition
portal and systemic venous systems
Term
* Clinically important communication*

Rectal venous plexuses drains into _____, which drains into _____, forming a communication between the portal and systemic venous systems.
Definition
Superior Rectal Vein

Inferior Mesenteric Vein
Term
Male specific venous plexuses: _____
Definition
The prostatic venous plexus
Term
Female specific venous plexuses: _____
Definition
The vaginal venous plexuses

The uterine venous plexuses
Term
The prostatic venous plexus lies on the ____ & ____ of the prostate
Definition
front and sides
Term
The prostatic venous plexus receives blood mainly from ________.
Definition
the deep dorsal veins of the penis
Term
The prostatic venous plexus drains into the _____ and then to ______.
Definition
vesical venous plexus

internal iliac v.
Term
In addition of draining into the vesical venous plexus and then to the internal iliac v., the prostatic venous plexus may also drain into ______, via the _____.
Definition
vertebral venous plexus

sacral veins
Term
The vesical venous plexus in the male envelops: ______
Definition
he base of the bladder and the prostate, the seminal vesicles, the deferent ducts, and the inferior ends of the ureters
Term
The vesical venous plexus in the female envelops: _______
Definition
the pelvic part of the urethra and the neck of the bladder
Term
The vaginal venous plexuses lie along the sides of the vagina and within ______.
Definition
its mucosa.
Term
The uterine venous plexuses lie along the sides of the ____ between the _______.
Definition
uterus

layers of the broad ligament
Term
In general the pelvic organs drain through the: ______ lymph nodes
Definition
external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the sacral lymph nodes.
Term
In general the pelvic organs drain through the external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the sacral lymph nodes. From all these nodes, lymph drains to the ____ & ____ lymph nodes.
Definition
common iliac and lumbar lymph nodes.
Term
lumbar lymph nodes (_____)
Definition
paraaortic nodes
Term
The pelvic lymphatics exceptions; The upper and middle parts of oviduct, fundus of the uterus, the ovaries and the testes drain _______.
Definition
directly into the lumbar lymph nodes.
Term
The fundus of the uterus WIKI
Definition
is the top portion, opposite from the cervix.
Term
The pelvic lymphatics exceptions; The lowest part of oviduct, the uterine body via the round ligament of the uterus, the vagina below the hymen, the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line, the scrotum (labia majora), and the skin and most of the penis (clitoris) drain into _______
Definition
the horizontal group of superficial inguinal nodes.
Term
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into _____
Definition
deep inguinal lymph nodes.
Term
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes form a chain immediately below the _____.
Definition
inguinal ligament.
Term
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes lie deep to _____ fascia which overlies the ___ vessels at ____ aspect of the thigh.
Definition
Camper's

femoral

medial
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