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Pelvis and Contents
Exam 3
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/19/2010

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Term
False Pelvis
Definition
Superior to the pelvic brim
iliac blades
contains abdominal organs
attachment for muscles and ligament the body wall
Term
True Pelvis
Definition
Inferior to the pelvic brim
space contains: part colon, rectum, bladder, uterus/ovaries (females)
Term
pelvic diaphragm
Definition
levator ani and coccygeus muscles
supports pelvic organs
seals inferior opening of bony pelvis
lifts to help release feces during defecation
Term
perineum
Definition
contains anus and external genitalia
diamond shaped
- pubic sympysis anteriorly
- ischial truberosities laterally
- coccyx posteriorly
Term
female perineum
Definition
contains anus and external genitalia
Term
male perineum
Definition
contains scrotum, root of penis, and anus
Term
gonadal ridges
Definition
during embyonic development of the sex organs
begins at week 5
develop into gonads
Term
mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts
Definition
ducts present in embryo
become vas deferens and epididymis in male
associated with the kidneys and becomes part of the urinary tract in the female
Term
paramesonephric (Mullerian)ducts
Definition
ducts present in embyo
become uterus, oviduct and vagina in the female
associated with the kidneys and urinary tract in male
Term
labioscrotal swelling
Definition
embryonic structure becomes male scrotum and female labia major in female
Term
urethral folds
Definition
embryonic structure becomes penile urethra in male and labia minor in female
Term
genital tubercle
Definition
embyonic structure becomes penis in male and clitoris in female
Term
gubernaculum
Definition
in the male development becomes the fibrous cord, extends from the testes to fiber of scrotal sac
in female development is attached to the labia major, guides ovaries, becomes round ligament of the uterus (inferior portion) and ovarian ligament (superior portion)
Term
vaginal process
Definition
in male development: Outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity, eventually closes off and forms tunica vaginalis
In female development: outpocketing of peritoneum guides descent
Term
final teste descent
Definition
shortening of the gubernaculum, increase in intra-abdominal pressure and testerone stimulation
Term
puberty
Definition
between ages 10-15
reproductive organs grow to their adult size (reproduction becomes possible)
changes occur due to the increase in reproductive hormones in each individual
- testosterone in males (by testes)
- estrogen in females (by ovaries)
Term
menarch
Definition
woman's first period
Term
genitalia
Definition
sex organs
Term
primary sex organs
Definition
ovaries, testes
produce the sex cells/gametes
Term
testes
Definition
sex organ lies in the srotum and are sperm producting
Term
external male genitalia
Definition
penis, scrotum
Term
scrotum
Definition
sac of skin and fascia
hangs at the root of the penis
contains the testes
septum in midline divides right and left halves
Term
dartos muscle
Definition
muscle located inside skin of scrotum
is made of smooth muscle
is responsible for wrinnkling of scrotal skin (warmth)
aids in thermoregulation of the testes
Term
cremaster muscle
Definition
extends in the scrotum from spermatic cord (fibers from internal oblique)
made of skeletal muscle
resoinsible for elevating and lower the testes (warming and cooling)
aids in thermoregulation of the testes
Term
tunica vaginalis
Definition
light sac partly covering each teste
outside (parietal) layer
Term
tunica albigunea
Definition
fibrous capsule of the testes
deep to tunica vaginalis
divides testes into lobules
-lobules contain seminiferous tubules
inner (visceral) layer
Term
seminiferous tubules
Definition
"sperm factories"
the location for spermatogenesis
coverge into tubulus rectus
Term
tubulus rectis
Definition
straight tube that coveys sperm into rete testes
Term
rete testis
Definition
lead to the efferent ductules
Term
efferent ductules
Definition
tube from rete testis to duct of epididymis
Term
epididymis
Definition
site of sperm maturation
smooth muscle layer leads to ejaculation
contains: head, body and tail
Term
head of epididymis
Definition
contain the effernt ductules`
ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Term
body and tail of epidiymis
Definition
contains duct of epididymis (highly cooled, leads into vas deferens)
pseudostratisfied columnar epithelium with stereocilia (reabsorb testicular fluid, transfer nutrients and secretions to sperm stored in the epididymis)
Term
vas deferens
Definition
store and transports sperm during ejaculation
runs from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Term
secondary sex organs
Definition
have nothing to do with reproduction
due to hormones
-Facial and body hair
-Voice changes
-Mammary glands capable of milk production
-Increased musculature
-Shoulders, range of motion increase
-Increase in adipose tissue (fat) in female hip and buttocks
-Aggression increases
-Sex drive increases
-
Term
vasectomy
Definition
cut vas deferens, close off ends
sperm still produce but cannot exit the body
reversible sometimes
Term
spermatic cord
Definition
collective name for structures associated with the scrotum
passes through inguinal canal
includes:
-vas deferens
-testicular arteries and veins (pampiniform plexus)
lymphatic vessels
-cremaster musle fibers
-nerves
Term
mitosis
Definition
occurs in every cell other than sex cell
events in which duplicated DNA of original cell is divided into 2 new cells
cell division with chromosome duplication and division -> 2 daughter cells = parent
-have diploid
Term
meiosis
Definition
occurs only in sex cells (sperm & egg)
reductional division
events that reduce the number of chromosomes (1/2 of the parent)
-have haploid = n number of chromosomes
Term
spermtogenesis
Definition
production of sperm
Term
sustenacular cells (sertoli cells)
Definition
within seminiferous tubules
surround the spermatogenic cells in the lumen
provide nutrients to spermatogenic cells
move cells toward toward tubule lumen
secrete testicular fluid
phagocytize cytoplasm shed by developing spermatids
secrete androgen-binding protein (concentrates testosterone)
secrete inhibin (hormone slows rate of sperm production)
Term
blood-testis barrier
Definition
in tight junctions between the sustenacular cells
prevent escape of membrane antigens from sperm into bloodzstream
Term
myoid cells
Definition
layers of smooth muscle cells
contract to squeeze sperm thru tubules and out of testis
Term
institial cells (Leydig cells)
Definition
make and secrete male sex hormone (androgen)
in CT between tubules
Term
seminal vessicles
Definition
an accessory gland that lies on posterior surface of bladder
joins the vas deferens to form an ejaculatory to empty
Term
prostate gland
Definition
an accessory gland inferior to the bladder; anterior to rectum
encircles the first part of the urethra
contracts during ejaculation
secretion contains:
substances that enhance sperm mobility
enzymes that liquify ejacualated sperm
Term
bulbourethral gland
Definition
inferior to prostate gland
within urogenital diaphragm
empties into spongy urethra
produces a mucus
-neutralizes urine in urethra
-lubricate semen for passage
Term
penis
Definition
male external genitalia
delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
Term
root of penis
Definition
attached end
has crura which anchors penis to pubis arch covered by ischiocavernous muscle
also has bulb secured urogenital diaphragm
Term
body/shaft or penis
Definition
free unattached part of penis
Term
body/shaft or penis
Definition
free unattached part of penis
Term
glans penisq
Definition
enlarged tip of penis
Term
prepuce/foreskin
Definition
loose cuff around glans
Term
spongy urethra
Definition
tube within penis
Term
corpus spongiosum
Definition
midventral erectile body
distally forms the glans penis
proximally forms the bulb of the penis
Term
spongy cavernosa
Definition
paired, dorsal erectile bodies
proximal ends are the crura of the penis
make up most of the mass of the penis
Term
ovaries
Definition
females primary sex organ/ gonads
produce and store egg
produce estrogen
Term
vulva
Definition
females external genitalia
consists of labia major and minor,
mons pubis and clitoris
Term
oviducts
Definition
uterine tube
Term
broad ligmanet
Definition
supports uterus and oviducts
Term
suspensory ligament
Definition
attaches ovaries to the uterus medially
Term
ovarian ligament
Definition
anchors the ovary to the uterus medially
Term
round ligament
Definition
part of broad ligament
attaches uterus to labia majorum
Term
oogenesis
Definition
production of eggs (ova)
Term
uterine tubes
Definition
also called oviducts, fallopian tubes
has 3 parts
-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus
Term
infundibulum
Definition
part of uterine tube
lateral, funnel shaped portion
fimbrae on edges
Term
ampulla
Definition
part of uterin tube
medial to infundibulum
expanded portion
site where fertilizarion occurs
Term
isthmus
Definition
part of uterine tube
medial part of the tube
Term
uterus
Definition
function: receive, retain, nourish fertilized egg (zygote)
3 layers of wall: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
portions: body, fundus, isthmus
location: anterior to rectum, posterosuperior to bladder
Term
cervix
Definition
function: keeps uterus closed and fetus within it during pregnancy (collagen)
location: below the isthmus of the uterus
considered the narrow nech of the uterus
projects into the vagina
Term
vagina
Definition
birth canal
inferior to the uterus
anterior to the rectum
posterior to the uterus and bladder
has 3 layers: aventitia, muscularis, mucosa (rugae)
Term
mons pubis
Definition
rounded pad over the pubic symphysis
Term
labia major
Definition
fatty skin folds with hair
Term
labia minor
Definition
smaller hairless folds inside major with 3 parts
vestibule -created by labia minor, opening for urethra and vagina
central tendon (perineal body)
fourchette - junction of labia minor
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